船长面试问题及参考答案.docx
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船长面试问题及参考答案
船长面试问题及参考答案
船长面试问题及参考答案
船长是船上最重要的职位，也是个方面要求最高的职位。
船东在面试船员时对船长的考核最认真，最费时间，也是最复杂的，作为一名合格的船长，不但要求有丰富的海上工作经历、娴熟的船舶驾驶经验和技术，更要有很好的商务操作能力、领导管理能力、极佳的个人人品、强大的人格魅力和感召力。
还要勤于动脑、身体力行，在所有船员面前树立典范。
船东在进行面试时，往往提问船长的问题最多，也最复杂，考察的时间也最长。
提问船长的问题涉及到国际安全管理规则、安全管理体系、船长资历、船舶管理、各种具体商务和技术问题等等。
下面收集了一部分面试试题，供广大面试船长参考。
其中部分问题，不但船长必备，其他干部船员，尤其是大副也必须看，轮机长也应该参考一下。
1.Canyoutellmeaboutyoureducationalbackground?
实事求是，最好告诉人家在某个学校学了多长时间，最好也要告诉人家你接受某些社会培训的情况，谦虚好学毕竟是一个美德嘛。
Pleaserefertoamaster’sself-introductioninPartOneofthisbook.
2.Whatisaclassificationsociety?
Whatisthepurposeofclassificationsurvey?
Pleaselistsomefamousclassificationsocietiesintheword.
Aclassificationsocietyisusuallyanindependentorganizationthatcarriesoutclassificationsurveys,statutorysurveys,surveysrelatedtoanotarymattersforships,offshoreinstallations,marinefreightcontainers,materialsandmarineequipments.Italsoprovidessafetymanagementcertificationservicestoshippingcompaniesandtheirships.Thepurposeofclassificationsurveyistoevaluatethesituationofashipandthemanagementofacompanyanditsship.
Someofthefamousclassificationsocietiesare:
NK（Japanese日本海事协会），CCS（Chinese）,ABS（American）,DNV（Norwegian）,SL（BritishLloyd英国劳氏），GL（GermanLloyd德国劳氏），KR（Korea）,RINA（意大利船级社）.
3.Canyoutalkaboutthepreviousvesselsyouworkedonboard?
实事求是，若没有做过，千万不要伪造。
并且服务簿、书面简历以及你自己口头介绍的资历的内容一定要一致，特别是时间、船型、航区、吨位、船员情况、外派公司、船东及租船公司情况，因为你是船长，应该对自己管理的船有非常深的印象。
Pleaserefertoanmaster’sself-introductioninPartOneofthisbook.
4.Whattypeofcargowascarriedonboardyourlastvessel?
曾经在什么船上工作过，运过什么货物也是船东非常关心的问题，因为船东在考虑把他的一条船交给你时，对你是否运过某种他们的船舶载的货物非常关键。
因为你只有运过某种货物，才对这种货物的特性、装卸时需要注意的事项、运输途中需要注意的事项有所了解和经验。
其实，你如果运过某些货物，你也应该说出来。
下面提供几种货物的名称，供参考：
Bulkcargocement,cementclicker,nickel,ore,iron,sand,phosphorus,potashinbulk,salt,grain,petcoke,coaletc.,
Generalcargo:
vehicle,loader,wagon,heavylifts,over-lengthcargo,mineequipment,steelconstructionmaterial.Other:
Log,plywood,container,andsoon.
5.Whenwasyourlastvesseltradingarea,whichportshaveyoucalled?
Usually,apassageplanshouldbemadebeforeanewvoyagestarts.TheMastershouldgivetheSecondOfficerthesailinginstructionandhisintentionsonthesailingroutesandbeforetheSecondOfficerpreparesthedraftplan.ThentheMasterissupposedtocheckitverycarefully.Ifsomethingwrongisfoundinthepassageplan,theMastershouldasktheSecondOfficertocorrectitimmediately.Ifnothingiswrongaboutthedraft,theplanshallberatifiedandimplemented.
WhentheSecondOfficerismakingthedraftplan,theMastershouldhelpprovidesomeimportantinformationsourcesfortheSecondOfficerpreparesthedraftplan.ThentheMasterissupposedtocheckitverycarefully.Ifsomethingwrongisfoundinthepassageplan,theMastershouldasktheSecondOfficertocorrectitimmediately.Ifnothingiswrongaboutthedraft,theplanshallberatifiedandimplemented.
WhentheSecondOfficerismakingthedraftplan,theMastershouldhelpprovidesomeimportantinformationsourcesfortheSecondOfficer,suchastheportentryguidance,thesailingdirections,listsoflights,tidalstreamtables,deepdraughtvesselplanningguide,theIMOshiprouteguidance,governmentandportauthority’sregulations,pilotcharts,noticetomariner,weatherinformation,andthevoyageplanandsoon.
TheMastershouldensurethattheplancovers“berthtoberth”areainthepassage.AndtheMastershouldhelptheSecondOfficertoselectthebestsailingroutethatwillsavefuelandtime,andavoidbadweatherconditions.
6.CanyoudescribethepreparationproceduresbeforeenteringtheUSports?
First,Imustcheckallthecertificatesforthevesselandtheseamentomakesureallthenecessarycertificatesareavailabletodealwiththecustomsclearances,thesanitarychecksandotherportchecks.Inaddition,Imustpreparesuchpublicationsascurrentlycorrectednavigationalcharts,UScostalpilotguide,lightlistbook,tidetable,USinlandrulesofnavigation,andrecentnoticetomariners.
Forty-eighthourspriortoaUSport,Ishallconductthefollowingemergencysteeringdrillsandlogthemintotherecordbooks:
operationofthemainsteeringgearfromsteeringcompartment,communicationbetweenbridgeandsteeringcompartment,andalternativepowersupply.IshallalsoinformtheQualifiedIndividualofmyarrival.
Twenty-fourhoursbeforearrivalinaUSport,IshallnotifytheUSCGofmyship’sarrival.
TwelvehourspriortoarrivalinaUSport,thefollowingequipmentshallbetestedandrecordedinthelogbook:
primaryandsecondsteeringgear,internalcontrolcommunicationsandalarms,standing-byemergencygenerator,andmainpropulsionmachinery.
Drillsarealsotheprioritiesofmypreparatorywork.Usually,theportauthorityoftheUSpaysspecialattentiontothedrills.Soboatdrills,fire-fightingdrillsandotherdrillsmustbecarriedoutbeforeenteringintoanyUSport.
Sanitarysituationofmyshipisanotherconsideration.Properdisposalofgarbageonmyshipandanti-pollutiondevicesexaminationareveryimportant.
Allinall,muchmorecareshouldbetakenbeforeentryintoanyUSportthanintheportsinothercountries.
美国是世界上海事立法最多的国家，也是港口检查最严格的国家之一，熟悉美国有关海事立法和港口国检查要求对一名船长来说非常重要，这也是船东特别关注的问题。
7.DidyouencounteranyproblemsduringPSCinspectionsintheUSports?
No,IhavenevermetanybigproblemsbecauseIalwaysmadegoodpreparationbeforemyvesselcalledattheUSport.EachtimeIwasabletogothroughthePSCinspectionssmoothly.
Oryoucansay:
Yes,IoncehadaproblemduringPSCinspectioninaUSport.TheARPAcouldn’tbeactivatedsincethepowersupplywasoutofwork.TheUSCGonlyallowedusafewhourstorepairit.Totheirsatisfaction,theARPAwasbacktonormalafteronlyonehour.Luckily,wedon’thaveanyfineimposedonus.Iunderstandfromthisexperiencethatgoodpreparationsinadvanceareveryimportant.Evenifthereisaproblem,Iwillaskmycrewtorectifyitintheleastpossibletime.
8.Howshouldthepre-departureseminarbeconductedintheport?
Accordingtomyexperience,asafetymeetingshallbeheldpriortodepartureandsomeoftheimportantissuesliketheun-berthingoperationawaycheck,cooperationwiththepilotandotherengineering（technical）mattersshouldbediscussedatthemeeting.
9.WhyshouldtheMasteralwaysbeawareoftheactionsbeingtakenbythepilot?
Well,it’sbecausethepresenceofthepilotonthebridgedoesnotrelievetheMasterfromtakinganymeasuresnecessarytoassurethesafetyoftheshipandmarineenvironment.Ifhefindsthatthepilot’sordersaredoubtful,theMasterhastoclarifytheordersimmediately.Whennecessary,theMastershallcommandtheship’snavigationhimself.
引航员在船引航时并没有解除船长和船员对于船舶安全的责任是ISM体系特别强调的一点，船长应该熟知并让每位船员熟知。
10.WhatshouldtheMasterdoifheisunsureabouthislegalstandinginaforeigncountryorastrangeport?
Hemustcontactthecompanyatonceforadvice.Heshouldalso,ifnecessary,consultthelocalcorrespondentoftheowner’sP&Iandthelocalagentoftheshipwhocanprovidevaluableandassistance.
绝大多数船东希望远在海上的船员能及时和船东沟通，并把一些解决不了或不是很明白的问题及时向他们报告。
当然，和船东公司在各个国家和港口代理的沟通也十分重要。
11.WhatshouldtheMasterdoifthefiguresoftheloadedquantityareabnormallydifferentfromthoseonthebillsoflading?
Themastershouldreportthecasetotheshipownerassoonaspossible.Atthediscretionofthecompany,theMastershouldprepareandsendaLetterofProtesttothenotarysurveyorofterminal/portauthorityundertheinstructionoftheshipowner.Insuchcase,theMastershouldalsorequirefurthermeasurementsandcalculationstobemade.
12.WhatcontentsareshownontheBillofLadingiftheshipisloadedwithbulkcargo?
Ususlly,thefollowingitemsareshownontheBillofLading（B/L）:
measure,quality,quantity,condition,contentsandvalueunknownetc.,DifferentcompaniesmayhaveformatsfortheirrespectiveB/L.AB/Lconsistsofthreeoriginalcopiesthathavethesamelegalvalidity.Thefirstcopytheconsigneeshowswilldenythevalidityoftheothertwocopies.
13.DoyouknowtheinsurancecoverageprovidedbyaP&IClub?
AP&IClubisanon-profitassociationofshipownersthatprovidesmutualinsuranceagainstmaritimerisks.ItcoverstherisksthatarenotcoveredbytheHullInsurer,suchaspersonalillnessandinjury,cargodamage,collisionwithanothervessel,stowawaysandrefugees,damagetofixedorfloatingobjects,pollutionandsoon.
14.CouldyouexplainwhattheSOLAS74ANDMARPOL73/78are?
WhatistherelationbetweenSOLAS74andISMCode?
SOLASistheInternationalConventionfortheSafetyofLifeatSea.ItisthemostimportantinternationalconventiononthesafetyofthelifeatseamadeandpassedbyIMO.TheISMCodeislistedasChapter9oftheSOLAS74.Itistoensuresafetyoftheship,theseamen,theportandthecargo,aswellasthemarineenvironment.
MARPOL,73/78istheInternationalConventiononthePreventionofMarinePollution.Thisisthemostimportantinternationalconventionontheprotectionofmarineenvironment.
几个国际公约的名称，特别是全称应该了如指掌。
对公约主要条款更应该知道。
现在，ISMCODE因列为SOLAS公约第9章而变成强制性执行的公约，对ISMCODE的目的、主要内容尤其要有比较深入的了解。
15.Priortoship’sdeparture,whattestsshouldbemadeandloggedintheShip’sLogBook?
Someofthekeytesttobedonebeforesailing:
a）Steeringgeartest
b）Ship’sclocksandenginetelegraphtestsandharmonization
c）Internal,externalandportablecommunicationequipmenttest
d）Thewhistleandnavigationalliststests
e）Relevantelectronicposition-fixingequipment（ARPA,RADAR,GMDSS）test
f）AnyotherteststhattheMasterthinksnecessary
16.Howof
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