高考英语阅读理解专题突破.docx
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高考英语阅读理解专题突破
2019年高考英语阅读理解专题突破
（+）解析答案，建议下载练习名师精选试题
专题1-主旨大意
（一）
A
（2017年重庆一模）ThefirstpotatoesweregrownbytheIncasofSouthAmerica,morethan
400yearsago.Theirdescendants（后代）inEcuadorandChilecontinuetogrowthevegetableas
highas14，000feetupintheAndesMountains.（That'shigherthananyotherfoodwill
grow.）EarlySpanishandEnglishexplorersshippedpotatoestoEurope,andtheyfoundtheirway
toNorthAmericaintheearly1600s.
Peopleeatpotatoesinmanyways—baked,mashed,androasted，tonamejust
three.However，intheUnitedStatesmostpotatoesareeatenintheformofFrenchfries.One
fast-foodchainalonesellsmorethan$1billionworthoffrieseachyear.Nowonder,then,thatthe
companypaysparticularattentiontothewayitsfriesareprepared.
Beforeanyfrymakesittothepeoplewhoeatatthesepopularrestaurants，itmustpass
manyseparatetests.Failanyoneofthesetestsandthepotatoisrejected.Tostartwith,onlyRusset
Burbankpotatoesareused.TheseIdahopotatoeshavelesswatercontentthanotherkinds,which
canhaveasmuchas80percentwater.Oncecutinto“shoestrings”shapes，thepotatoesarepartly
friedinasecretblendofoils,sprayedwithliquidsugartobrownthem,steamdriedathighheat,
thenflashfrozenforshipmenttoindividualrestaurants.
Beforeshipping，everyshoestringismeasured.Fortypercentofabatchmustbebetweentwo
andthreeincheslong.Another40percenthastobeoverthreeinches.Whataboutthe20percent
thatareleftinthebatch?
Well，afewshortfriesinabagareokay，itseems.
So,nowthatyourealizetheenormoussizeandvalueofthepotatocrop,youcanunderstand
whymostpeopleagreethatthispartofthefoodindustryisno“smallpotatoes”
【语篇解读】本文介绍了土豆被引进美国的历史及炸薯条在美国食物产业中举足轻重的地
位。
1．PotatoesinNorthAmericacamedirectlyfrom______
A．Chile
B．Europe
C．Ecuador
theAndesMountainsD．
B[考查细节理解。
根据文中第一段最后一句“EarlySpanishandEnglishexplorersshipped
potatoestoEurope，andtheyfoundtheirwaytoNorthAmericaintheearly1600s.”可知，北美
最早的土豆来自欧洲。
故选B项。
]
2．Whydoesthecompanypayspecialattentiontothewaythefriesareprepared?
A．Becausesellingfriesisabigbusiness.
B．Becausefriesarenoteasytoprepareatall.
C．BecauseAmericansareparticularaboutfries.
D．Becausethegovernmenthasastrictruleforthat.
A[考查推理判断。
根据第二段的“Onefast-foodchainalonesellsmorethan$1billionworth
offrieseachyear.Nowonder，then,thatthecompanypaysparticularattentiontothewayitsfries
areprepared.”可知，在美国，炸薯条是个很大的行业，所以会被特殊关注。
故选A项。
]
3．Inthelastparagraph,thewritermainlywantstosay________
A．smallpotatoescannotbeusedforfries
B．potatoesarereallyimportantforAmericans
C．eatinginAmericaistheveryfirstthing
D．friesarereallyimportantforfoodindustry
D[考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的内容“thispartofthefoodindustryisno‘small
potatoes'”可知，在美国，炸薯条在食品产业中不是“小土豆”（无足轻重的东西），由此可推
测，炸薯条在食品产业中占有重要的地位。
故选D项。
]
[干扰项分析]本题学生易误选B项，本文首先介绍了土豆被引入美国，且炸薯条带来了
强大商业利润，但在最后一段中，根据关键信息“realizetheenormoussizeandvalueofthe
potatocrop”及“thispartofthefoodindustryisno‘smallpotatoes'”可知，本段重点强调炸薯
条在食品产业中的重要地位，而不是土豆对美国人的重要性，故排除B项。
4．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
A．TheaverageAmericaneats50poundsofpotatoesayear.
B．Frenchfriesaremadefrompotatoes.
C．PotatoesareakeyvegetableinAmerica.
D．Thevarioustermsforpotatoeshavealonghistory.
C[考查主旨大意。
根据全文内容可知，在美国，土豆可以有多种吃法，尤其是炸薯条，
深受人们的欢迎，也因此带来了强大的商业利润，在食品产业中占有重要地位。
因此，本
文的主旨是，在美国土豆是很重要的蔬菜。
故选C项。
]
B
thecostofgasand，）Itisquitereasonabletoblametrafficjams年湖南长郡中学模拟（2017．
thegreatspeedofmodernlife，butmannersontheroadarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknows
thatthenicestmenwouldbecomefiercetigersbehindthewheel.Itisallrighttohaveatigerina
cage，buttohaveoneinthedriver'sseatisanothermatter.
Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners，butagoodsense.Ittakesthemostcool-headed
driversgreatpatiencetogiveupthedesiretobeatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedriving.Onthe
otherhand，alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardreducingthepossibilityofquarrellingand
fighting.Afriendlynodorawaveofthanksinanswertoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreatean
atmosphereofgoodwillandbecomessonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchbehavior
ofpolitenessisbynomeansenough.Manydriversnowadaysdon'tevenseemabletorecognize
politenesswhentheyseeit.
However，misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Atypicalexampleisthedriverwho
wavesachildcrossingthestreetatawrongplaceintothepathofoncomingcarsthatmaynotbe
abletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverand
whenevertheywantto.
Anexperienceddriver，whosemannersarefaultless，toldmeitwouldhelpifdriverslearnt
tocorrectlyjoininatrafficstreamwithoutcausingtotalblockagesthatgiverisetounpleasant
feelings.Unfortunately，moderndriverscan'tevenlearntodrive，letalonemasterthe
roadmanship（公路驾车技能）．Yearsago，expertswarnedusthatthefastincreaseofthecar
ownershipwoulddemandmoregive-and-take（互谅互让）fromallroadusers.Itishightimeforall
ofustotakethismessagetoheart.
【语篇解读】随着车辆的增多，很多司机都有可怕的路怒症，甚至不知道什么是文明交
通。
专家们呼吁，司机应该互谅互让，将文明驾驶牢记在心。
1．Thepassagemainlytalksabout________
A．trafficjamsB．goodmanners
DmoderndriversCroadpoliteness
C[考查主旨大意。
根据文章第二段第一句Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners，buta
goodsense.及第三段第一句However，misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.可知，本文
主要围绕道路文明礼貌行为展开论述。
故选C项。
]
2．Troublesontheroadareoftencausedby________
A．trafficjams
B．thebehaviorofthedrivers
C．thegreatspeedofmodernlife
D．terribleroadconditions
B[考查推理判断。
根据文章第一段第二句Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenwould
可知，大家都知道，平时非常绅士的人在开车的时候也becomefiercetigersbehindthewheel.
会变成一只猛虎。
再根据文中对道路上司机们的种种行为的描述可判断，公路上的麻烦主
要是由司机的行为引起的。
故选B项。
]
3．Accordingtothewriter，agooddrivershould________
A．encouragechildrentocrosstheroadwhenevertheywantto
B．beatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedriving
C．beabletorecognizepolitenesswhenheseesit
D．joininatrafficstreamquicklyhoweverotherpeoplefeel
C[考查细节理解。
根据文章第二段最后一句Manydriversnowadaysdon'tevenseemableto
recognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.可知，在看到礼貌行为时，一个好司机应当能够对此有
所认知。
故选C项。
]
4．Itisnotalwaysrightfordriversto________
A．mastertheroadmanship
B．neglectpolitenesswhentheyseeit
C．giveafriendlynodinanswertoanactofpoliteness
D．encourageoldladiestocrosstheroadwheneverandwherevertheywantto
D[考查细节理解。
根据第三段最后一句Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocross
theroadwhereverandwhenevertheywantto.可知，给老人让路，让他们随意过马路的礼貌行
为是不对的。
故选D项。
]
C
（2017年云南高三年级11校跨区调研考试）
Spider（蜘蛛）webshavesomethingincommonwithguitarstrings.Thelong，thinstringson
aguitarcanvibrate（振动）．Theymovebackandforth，orfromsidetoside.Sodowebsmadeby
spiders.Thelinesofsilktheyproducecancarryvibrations.Thismovementgivesthesmallcreature
informationaboutwhatlandedontheweb.
Spidershaveeightlegsandusuallyeighteyes.Theanimalsbuildwebswiththeirownsoft，
naturally-madesilk.Andmuchlikeplayingthestringsofaguitar，aspidercansendout
vibrationsacrossitswebovermanydifferentfrequencies（频率）．Spiderscatchtheirfood，
usuallyinsectsintheirwebs.Theymakesmallmovements，whichspreadacrosstheirwebs.The
vibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatiscaughtintheweb—maybeapossiblemate，or
somethingtastytoeat.
Vibrationsarenotjustusedtospotwhatisfordinner.Theyarealsoimportantincourship（求
爱），solotsofmaleswillactuallycreateaveryspecifickindofmusicalpatternwhichthefemales
andwhetherthey，butthey'retherightspecies，canusetodeterminenotonlythatthey'reamale
mightwanttomatewiththemaswell.
Spidersmaketheirownvibrationstofindouttheconditionofthewebs.Bycontrollingthe
tightnessofthematerial，theycaneffectivelycontrolhowinformationisgettingtothemwhen
theyhangoutinthemiddleoftheweb.Spidershaveaspecialabilitytoshapethephysicalnature
oftheirself-madematerialsandcreations.Scientiststhinkthatspidersilkmayhavechangedover
timeforthispurpose.
【语篇解读】本文介绍了蜘蛛吐出的蛛丝可以传播不同频率的振动，这些振动让它们知道
蜘蛛网上落下了什么东西并且这些振动在求爱中也非常重要。
1．Howdoesaspiderfeelthataninsectiscaughtintheweb?
A．Throughitssenseofsight.
B．Throughvibrationsofitsweb.
C．Throughdifferentfrequencies.
D．Throughamusicalpattern.
B[考查细节理解。
根据第二段的“Thevibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatis
caughtintheweb”可知，蜘蛛可以通过蛛网的振动知道有东西落到蛛网了。
故选B项。
]
2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inParagraph2probablyreferto?
A．Insects.B．Strings.
DVibrations.C．Spiders.
A[考查代词指代。
根据第二段的“Spiderscatchtheirfood，usuallyinsectsintheir
webs.Theymakesmallmovements，whichspreadacrosstheirwebs”可知，蜘蛛在它们的蛛网
上捕食，一般捕到的都是昆虫。
它们制造出传遍整张蛛网的小振动。
所以They指代的是昆
虫。
]
3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A．Silkproducesvibrationsasthestringsofaguitardo.
B．Femalespidersmakespecialsoundstoattractapartner.
C．Huntingwillbehardforspidersifthesilkisloose.
D．Thetightnessofsilkcan'tbeadjustedonceit'smade.
C[考查细节理解。
根据第四段的“Bycontrollingthetightnessofthematerial，theycan
effectivelycontrolhowinformationisgettingtothem”可知，蛛网的紧密度对蜘蛛捕猎至关重
要，故选C项。
]
[干扰项分析]根据第一段的第一句“Spider（蜘蛛）webshavesomethingincommonwith
guitarstrings”可知，蛛网和吉他弦有一些共同之处，故排除A。
根据第三段的“solotsof
maleswillactually...they'reamale”可排除B。
根据第四段的“Bycontrollingthetightnessofthe
material...inthemiddleoftheweb”可知，蜘蛛可以控制材料的紧密度，它们可以有效地调整
项。
D蛛网的属性
升级会员 