高考英语专题复习阅读理解.docx

高考英语专题复习阅读理解.docx

《高考英语专题复习阅读理解.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语专题复习阅读理解.docx（32页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

高考英语专题复习阅读理解

2020-2021高考英语专题复习阅读理解

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   IfAmericanwaterwayshadeverbeenvotedontheyearbook,theBuffaloRivercouldeasilyhavebeennamedUgliest.Itcouldbehardtofindhopethere.Ittookdecadesforpublicperceptionoftherivertoshift.Butactivistcitizens,whocollaboratedwithindustry,government,andenvironmentgroupsnevergaveupontheirpollutedriver—theBuffaloRivergraduallywentfrombeingconsideredalostcausetoaplaceworthfightingfor.Andbynowthecleaned—upwaterisoneofBuffalo'Sbiggestattractions.

   Bythe1960s,theriverwasseenasoneoftheworstsourcesofpollutionpouringintotheGreatLakes.TheBuffaloRiverhadcaughtfiremanytimes.Thesurfacehadanoilylayer,andanyfishcaughttherewerenoteatable.

   Thewaterway'sfatestartedshiftinginthemid-1960s.StanleySpisiakwasalocalPolish—Americanjewelerbyday,butbyeveninghewasthekindofguywho'dchasedowndumpers（垃圾车）hespottedontheBuffaloRiver.By1966hefoundhimselfwinningtheNationalWildlifeFederation's"WaterConservationistoftheYear"award.Andbeforelonghegotanickname:

"Mr.BuffaloRiver."Buttherewasonlysomuchhecoulddo—theriverwasstilldeclaredbiologicallydeadin1969.

   JillSpisiakJedlickaishisgreat-grandniece.Shepicksupwhereheleftoffbydirectingtheriver'sprotectororganization,BuffaloNiagaraWaterkeeper.ProfessorSchneeklothandsevenfriendsfoundedtheorganizationasanall-volunteernonprofitin1989,afterorganizingthefirstrivercleanupthatyear.Todaythegroupemploys27full-timeworkersandhashelpedoverseetheBuffaloRiver's$100millionrestoration.

   Sofar,theBuffaloRiver'swaterqualityhasrestored,butitisstillanongoingissue,assewage（污水）canoverflowintotheriverafterstorms.Habitatrestorationcontinuesaswell;fishandplantingsarestillbeingsampledtomeasurehowwellit'sgone.

（1）WhatdidtheBuffaloRiverusetobe?

A. Awaterwayontheyearbook.                         

B. Ariverheavilypolluted.

C. AgreatattractionofBuffalo's.                         D. Aplaceworthfightingfor.

（2）WhywasMr.Spisiaknamed"Mr.BuffaloRiver"?

A. Becausehisfateshiftedinthe1960s.

B. BecausehespotteddumpersontheRiver.

C. Becausehesparednoeffortstoprotecttheriver.

D. Becausetheriverwasdeclaredbiologicallydead.

（3）Howlongdidittakefortherivertorestore?

A. Morethanhalfacentury.      B. Justfourdecades.      C. About30years.      D. Only27years.

（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthistext?

A. TherestorationoftheBuffaloRiver               

B. StanleySpisiak:

The"Mr.BuffaloRiver"

C. ThefutureoftheBuffaloRiver                       

D. Riverprotection:

Alongwaytogo

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了被污染的theBuffaloRiver的恢复。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”nevergaveupontheirpollutedriver—theBuffaloRivergraduallywentfrombeingconsideredalostcausetoaplaceworthfightingfor.“；第二段中的”Bythe1960s，theriverwasseenasoneoftheworstsourcesofpollutionpouringintotheGreatLakes.TheBuffaloRiverhadcaughtfiremanytimes.Thesurfacehadanoilylayer，andanyfishcaughttherewerenoteatable.“可知，theBuffaloRiver过去是一条被严重污染的河。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的”StanleySpisiakwasalocalPolish—Americanjewelerbyday，butbyeveninghewasthekindofguywho'dchasedowndumpers（垃圾车）hespottedontheBuffaloRiver.By1966hefoundhimselfwinningtheNationalWildlifeFederation's"WaterConservationistoftheYear"award.Andbeforelonghegotanickname:

‘Mr.BuffaloRiver.’"可知，Mr.Spisiak被称为“Mr.BuffaloRiver”是因为他不遗余力地保护这条河。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Ittookdecadesforpublicperceptionoftherivertoshift.”公众对这条河的看法改变花了几十年的时间；第二段中的“Bythe1960s，theriverwasseenasoneoftheworstsourcesofpollutionpouringintotheGreatLakes.”到了20世纪60年代，这条河被认为是五大湖最严重的污染源之一。

；以及最后一段中的“Sofar，theBuffaloRiver'swaterqualityhasrestored，”到目前为止，布法罗河的水质已经恢复”可知，这条河花了多半个世纪才恢复。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

第一段和第二段说明了theBuffaloRiver严重受污染的情况，第三、四段介绍了为改变污染状况所做的努力，以及最后一段中的“Sofar，theBuffaloRiver'swaterqualityhasrestored，butitisstillanongoingissue，assewage（污水）canoverflowintotheriverafterstorms.Habitatrestorationcontinuesaswell；fishandplantingsarestillbeingsampledtomeasurehowwellit'sgone.”是其现状。

综上可知，本文讲述的是被污染的theBuffaloRiver的恢复。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Citytreesgrowfasteranddieyoungerthantreesinruralforestry,anewstudyfinds.Overtheirlifetimes,then,urbantreeswilllikelyabsorblessCO2fromtheairthanforesttrees.

   Asweallknow,theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutCO2.However,CO2isagreenhousegas,meaningittrapsenergyfromthesunas/heat.Thatmakestemperaturesnearthegroundrise.Humanactivities,especiallythewidespreadburning-offossil（化石）fuels,havebeensendingextragreenhousegasesintotheair.Thishasledtoariseinaveragetemperaturesacrosstheglobe.

   StudieshadshownforestsreadilyabsorbCO2,buttherehadn'tbeenmuchdataonwhethercitytreesgrow,dieandabsorbCO2atthesamerateasforesttreesdo.Sosomeresearchersdecidedtofindout.

   Tofigureouthowquicklytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters（thewidthoftheirtrunks）between2005and2014.Atree'sdiameterincreasesasitgrows,justasaperson'swaistsizeincreasesastheygainweight.Abouthalftheweightofatreeiscarbon,researchhasshown.Mostoftherestiswater.Overthenineyears'tracking,theresearchersfoundcitytreesabsorbedfourtimesasmuchcarbonfromtheairasforesttrees.However,theyweretwiceaslikelytodie.Sooverthelifetimeofeachtypeoftree,foresttreesactuallyabsorbedmoreCO2.

   Citytreesgrewfasterbecausetheyhadlesscompetitionforlightfromtheirneighbors.Inaforest，treestendtogrowclosetogether，shadingtheirneighbors.Streettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen（氮）inrainwater.Nitrogenhelpsplantsgrow.Wastegasesfromgas-burningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen.Later,rainwatermaywashmuchofittotheground.Somestreettreesmayalsohavebetteraccesstowaterthantreesinthecountrybecausetheundergroundwaterpipescanleak.

（1）WhatcanheknownaboutCO2fromparagraph2?

A. Itisoneofthesideeffectsofgreenhouses.

B. Itgreatlyacceleratestheprocessofglobalwarming.

C. Itresultsfromthewidespreadburningoffossilfuels.

D. Itpreventstheearthfrombecomingunsuitabletoliveon.

（2）Whydidresearcherstrackthediametersoftrees?

A. Toknowabouttheirgrowthrates.                  

B. Tofindouthowmuchtheyweigh.

C. Tocheckwhethertheywerehealthy.              

D. Toassessthecarbonamountsinthem.

（3）Whatadvantagedocitytreeshaveoverforesttrees?

A. Theyaremorelikelytoaccessgrowthpromoters.

B. Theycanenjoymorewatercomingfromtheair.

C. Theycanenjoymoreshadefromneighbors.

D. Theyarebetteratcompetingforlight.

（4）Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutifthepassageiscontinued?

A. Howurbantreescanlivelonger.                     B. Whycitylivingmakestreesdieyoung.

C. Howtreesrespondtodrysoilconditions.      D. Whyfaster-growingtreesabsorbmoreC02.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。

一项新的研究发现：

与长在森林中的树木相比，城市里的树木长得更快，但死得更早。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutCO2.”可知，如果没有二氧化碳，地球将会极冷或极热。

可以推断，二氧化碳可以防止地球变得不适合居住。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Tofigureonhowquicklytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters.”可知，研究人员监测树木的直径是为了了解树木的生长速度。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Streettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen（氮）inrainwater.Nitrogenhelpsplantsgrow.Wastegasesfromgas-burningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen.Later,rainwatermaywashmuchofittotheground.”可知，与生长在森林中的树木相比，城市里的树木长得更快是因为它们无需与邻近的树木争夺光照，也能得到更多的氮量，还更容易得到水。

光、氮和水都可以促进树木的生长。

由此可以推断，城市里的树木比森林中的树木更可能获得生长促进剂。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

首句就提到了一项新的研究结果：

城市里的树木比森林中的树木长得更快，但死得更早；文章第三段说到“以前有研究表明森林会吸收二氧化碳，但是城市里的树木的生长、死亡和吸收二氧化碳的速度是否跟森林中的树木一样，这方面的数据不多。

因此一些研究人员决定弄清楚”；文章第四段再次介绍了他们的研究发现：

城市里的树木比森林中的树木长得更快，但死得更早；文章最后一段介绍了城市里的树木比森林中的树木生长得更快的几个原因。

由此可以推断，文章接下来很可能就要介绍城市里的树木死得更早的原因。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   DanceClasses

   Ballet

   Balletteachesgrace,posture（姿势）andflexibility.Studentsfocusontheuseofproperballetitems（物品）,expandingtheirknowledgeofclassicalballettechniquesandimprovingmotorskillsforclassicalballetpractice.Theclassisaformalballetclass.

   Age8-10

   September7,2019-May16,2020

   10:

30am-12:

00amonSaturday

   CreativeMovers

   Studentscanexplorecreativemovement,balance,focus,thedevelopmentofskills,motorplanningandbalance.Theclasshelpsbuildstrength,flexibilityandself-confidence,andallowschildrentorealizeexpressioninapositiveandencouragingenvironment. Childrenusetheirimaginationtocelebratemovementandhavelotsoffun.

   Age3-5

   September7,2019-January18,2020

   9:

00am-9:

45amonSaturday

   Jazz

   Jazzincludesmovementsfrombothclassicalballetanddancetechniques.Thisclasswillfocusontraditionaljazzdance.Studentswillbeintroducedtojazz-stylerhythmsandmovements.Inordertoensureproperplacementforyourchild,weinviteallstudentstoparticipateinasample（示例）class.Studentsandparentsworkwithprogramstafftomeetstudents'personaldancegoals.

   Age5-6

   September7,2019-May16,2020

   2:

00pm-3:

00pmonSaturday

   HipHop

   Studentswillbeintroducedtoseveraldifferentaspectsofhip