高考英语专题复习阅读理解及答案.docx
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高考英语专题复习阅读理解及答案
2020-2021高考英语专题复习阅读理解（及答案）
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Doyouknowthatjunkfoodisn'thealthy?
Ofcourseyoudo!
Doyoueatitanyway?
Ofcourseyoudo!
Butanewstudyshowsteachingadolescentsaboutthewaysfoodcompaniesfoolthemintothinkingjunkfoodiscoolcanencouragekidstofightback—byeatinghealthier.
Thepullofjunkfoodcanbesuper-strong.It'sdesignedtotasty;whichmakeseatingwelloneofthegreathealthchallengesofourtime.Everyonefromdoctorstothegovernmenthasbeentryingtohandleit.Yetwekeepeatingjunkfood.
ProfessorChristopherBryansays,"Foodcompanieswantyoutowantjunkfood."Theyspendmillionsofdollarscomingupwithnewwaysto^promotejunkfoodconsumption.Theyhirescientiststomakenewjunkfoodalmostirresistible.Theymightdothis,forexample,byaddingmoresugar.Ratsfedjunkfoodforsixweekswillevenwalkacrossafloorthatgivesthemelectricshocksjusttogetmoreofsuchfood.
Foodadsoftenmakeunhealthyjunkfoodseemhealthybyfeaturingprofessionalathletes,fit-lookingpopstarsandsmiling,activeteens."Wethoughtwhenthestudentslearnedthis,itwouldmattertothem,"Bryansays.Heworkedwith8thgradersataTexasschool.HalfofthemgotalessonBryancreated.Itfocusedonthewaysjunkfoodisadvertised,ormarketed.Asecondgroupreceivedlessonsthatfocusedonhealth.Theselessonsinformedstudentsjunkfoodishad,andthatfoodslikeapplesorcarrotsareabetterchoice.Thestudentslearnedabaddietcanleadtomajorweightgain,andthatbeingoverweightputspeopleatriskforseriousdiseases.Theyalsolearnedhoweatingwellnowcankeepyouhealthywhenyou'reolder.
Afterthelessons,thekidsinbothgroupswereaskedhowtheyfeltaboutjunkfood.Mostdidn'thavepositivefeelingsabouttheseunhealthyfoods.
（1）Whydoestheauthormentionthequestionsinparagraph1?
A. Toexpresshisdoubtsaboutjunkfood. B. Topromotetheideaofhealthyeating.
C. Todescribethesituationofjunkfood. D. Tointroducethetopicfordiscussion.
（2）Whatremainsagreathealthchallengetodoctors?
A. Makingpeopledomoreexercise.
B. Makingpeopleeathealthily.
C. Makingpeopleloseweight. D. Makingpeoplepreferjunkfood.
（3）Whatmessagedoesparagraph3mainlytrytoconvey?
A. Whatmakesjunkfoodalmostimpossibletoresist.
B. Whatinfluencesjunkfoodcanhaveonconsumers.
C. Howfoodcompaniestrytogetpeopletoreachforjunkfood.
D. Whyfoodcompaniespromotetheconsumptionofjunkfood.
（4）WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeBryan'slessons?
A. Shocking.
B. Popular.
C. Effective.
D. Abstract.
【答案】
（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明：
让青少年了解食品公司的推销方式比单纯告诉他们垃圾食品的危害更能让他们选择健康的饮食。
（1）考查推理判断。
纵观全文可知本文介绍了一项研究：
让青少年了解食品公司的推销方式比单纯告诉他们垃圾食品的危害更能让他们选择健康的饮食。
可以推断出，文章第一段中提及那两个问题Doyouknowthatjunkfoodisn'thealthy?
你知道垃圾食品不健康吗？
Doyoueatitanyway?
你仍然还吃垃圾食品？
是为了引出本文要讨论的话题。
故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“It'sdesignedtobetasty,whichmakeseatingwelloneofthegreathealthchallengesofourtime.Everyonefromdoctorstothegovernmenthasbeentryingtohandleit.”可知，垃圾食品很美味，这使吃得好成为一个巨大的健康挑战，从医生到政府每一个人都一直在努力应对这一挑战。
由此可知，对医生而言，让人们吃得健康依然是一个巨大的健康挑战。
故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。
根据第三段中先提到“食品公司想要消费者想吃垃圾食品”，紧接着说到“它们（食品公司）花巨资想办法推广垃圾食品，它们聘请科学家制作新的垃圾食品，使人们几乎无法抗拒”，接着还举例说“它们可能会往垃圾食品中添加更多的糖”。
由此可以推断，作者在本段主要是想告诉读者食品公司是如何想方设法让人们去吃垃圾食品的。
故选C。
（4）考查推理判断。
根据第四段主要介绍Bryan给德克萨斯州的一所学校的八年级学生们上的课，再根据文章最后一段Afterthelessons,thekidsinbothgroupswereaskedhowtheyfeltaboutjunkfood.Mostdidn'thavepositivefeelingsabouttheseunhealthyfoods.可知，课后当这些孩子被问及他们对垃圾食品的看法时，大多数人对这些不健康的食品都不持正面的看法。
由此可以推断，Bryan的课是有效的。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
Mostofushavelookedupatthestarsthatfillthenightskyandwonderedwhetherwe'realoneintheuniverse.Indeed,thequestionofwhetherthere'slifeouttherehasbeensomethinghumankind'sbeenaskingitselfforcountlessyears.ButthankstoChina'sFive-hundred-meterApertureSphericalTelescope（FAST）,theanswertothisquestionmaycomealotsoonerthanweexpected.
Thetelescopehasahugeroundreflector,whichmeasures500metersacrossandhasaperimeter（周长）of1.6kilometers.Becauseofitsgreatsize,itwouldhavebeenbothdifficultandinefficienttogetFASTtomovelikearegulartelescope.Instead,FAST'sdesignerscameupwithagreatsolution:
itssurfaceismadeupof4450panelswhichcanbeindividuallyadjusted.Thiscleverdesignfeatureallowsscientiststodetectradiosignalsfromanyanglewithagreatdegreeofaccuracy."Panelscanchangetheirpositionsthroughconnectedwiresandparallel（关联的）robots.Wecancontroltheirpositionwithanaccuracyof1mm,"ZhengYuanpeng,chiefengineerofthetelescope'spanelproject,toldXinhuaNewsAgency.
FAST'sengineersalsohadthetaskoffindingasuitablelocation.Asanyinterferencewouldaffectitsabilitytodetectdistantradiowaves,itneededtobebuiltinaremotearea.Luckily,theperfectspotwasfoundinthebeautifulmountainsofGuizhouProvince."Therearethreehillsabout500metersawayfromoneanother,creatingavalleythatisperfecttosupportthetelescope,"SunCaihong,chiefengineerofFAST'sconstruction,toldXinhua.
Andalthoughitwasn'tyetfullyoperated,FASThadalreadymadegreatdiscoveriesbyOctober2017.Since1967,onlyaround2000pulsars（脉冲星）havebeendiscovered,yetFASThaddetectedsixmorebyOctober2017.OnceFASTisfullyupandrunning,wemayfinallyhavetheanswertooneofthebiggestquestionsinhistory.
（1）WhatisthepurposeofmentioningthequestioninParagraph1?
A. Tointroducethenewgianttelescope.
B. Toexplainwhythereislifeinuniverse.
C. Toremindreaderstothinkaboutthelifeinspace.
D. Toemphasizethequestionthatshouldbeanswered.
（2）WhatcanweknowfromParagraph2?
A. Thetelescopeismadeupofmanypanels.
B. TheareaofFASTisabout800squarekilometers.
C. TheengineercanhandleFAST'spositionaccurately.
D. Theindividualpanelhelpsscientistscatchradiosignals.
（3）WhywasFASTbuiltinGuizhou?
A. BecauseGuizhouisaremoteprovince. B. BecauseGuizhouhasanidealvalley.
C. BecauseGuizhouhasbeautifulmountains. D. BecauseGuizhouhastheabilitytobuildit.
（4）Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?
A. FAST'stimeline.
B. FAST'sfuture.
C. FAST'soperation.
D. FAST'sdiscoveries.
【答案】
（1）A
（2）D
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国500米口径球面射电望远镜，它的设计原理、选址以及发展前景等多方面的信息。
（1）考查推理判断。
第一段通过提出问题，再引出答案，在引出答案的同时引出了本文要介绍的我国500米口径球面射电望远镜。
所以第一段提出问题的目的是引出本文的介绍对象。
这也是说明文常见的写作手法。
故选A。
（2）考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“itssurfaceismadeupof4450panelswhichcanbeindividuallyadjusted.Thiscleverdesignfeatureallowsscientiststodetectradiosignalsfromanyanglewithagreatdegreeofaccuracy.“它的表面由4500片可独立调节的金属板组成。
这种聪明的设计可以让科学家从不同的角度精确的探测到无线电信号。
可推知，这些金属板能帮助科学家捕捉无线电信号。
故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Therearethreehillsabout500metersawayfromoneanother,creatingavalleythatisperfecttosupportthetelescope”这儿有三座间距500米左右的山，是安置望远镜的绝佳的山谷，可知，望远镜之所以安置在贵州，是因为贵州有一个很好的山谷。
故选B。
（4）考查主旨大意。
根据最后一段中“Andalthoughitwasn'tyetfullyoperated,FASThadalreadymadegreatdiscoveriesbyOctober2017.“虽然还没有完全运转起来，到2017年10月FAST已经有了重大发现。
可知，这一段讲述FAST的重大发现。
并且其后几句话也是来具体阐述FAST的重大发现的。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．（2019•全国Ⅱ）阅读理解
“Youcanusemeasalastresort（选择）,andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykidslacrosse（长曲棍球）club.
Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren'tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I'lldoit.”
I'msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere'srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.
Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.Thatreliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackformore:
Connectingtothecommunity（社区）asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.
Inthatsense,I'mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI'dfreelyliketoadmit.However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesitreallymatterwheremymotivationlies?
（1）Whatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinparagraph1?
A. Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.
B. Sheisn'tgoodatsports.
C. Shejustdoesn'twanttovolunteer.
D. She'sunabletomeetherschedule.
（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inparagraph2mean?
A. Encourageteamwork.
B. Appealtofeeling.
C. Promotegooddeeds.
D. Providea
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