高考英语阅读理解专题突破.docx

1、高考英语阅读理解专题突破2019年高考英语阅读理解专题突破 (+) 解析答案，建议下载练习名师精选试题 专题1-主旨大意（一） A (2017年重庆一模)The first potatoes were grown by the Incas of South America, more than 400 years ago.Their descendants (后代) in Ecuador and Chile continue to grow the vegetable as high as 14，000 feet up in the Andes Mountains.(Thats higher

2、than any other food will grow.)Early Spanish and English explorers shipped potatoes to Europe, and they found their way to North America in the early 1600s. People eat potatoes in many waysbaked, mashed, and roasted，to name just three.However，in the United States most potatoes are eaten in the form

3、of French fries.One fast-food chain alone sells more than $ 1 billion worth of fries each year.No wonder, then, that the company pays particular attention to the way its fries are prepared. Before any fry makes it to the people who eat at these popular restaurants，it must pass many separate tests.Fa

4、il any one of these tests and the potato is rejected.To start with, only Russet Burbank potatoes are used.These Idaho potatoes have less water content than other kinds, which can have as much as 80 percent water.Once cut into “shoestrings” shapes，the potatoes are partly fried in a secret blend of oi

5、ls, sprayed with liquid sugar to brown them, steam dried at high heat, then flash frozen for shipment to individual restaurants. Before shipping，every shoestring is measured.Forty percent of a batch must be between two and three inches long.Another 40 percent has to be over three inches.What about t

6、he 20 percent that are left in the batch? Well，a few short fries in a bag are okay，it seems. So, now that you realize the enormous size and value of the potato crop, you can understand why most people agree that this part of the food industry is no “small potatoes” 【语篇解读】 本文介绍了土豆被引进美国的历史及炸薯条在美国食物产业中

7、举足轻重的地位。 1Potatoes in North America came directly from_ AChile BEurope CEcuador the Andes Mountains DB 考查细节理解。根据文中第一段最后一句“Early Spanish and English explorers shipped potatoes to Europe，and they found their way to North America in the early 1600s.”可知，北美最早的土豆来自欧洲。故选B项。 2Why does the company pay specia

8、l attention to the way the fries are prepared? ABecause selling fries is a big business. BBecause fries are not easy to prepare at all. CBecause Americans are particular about fries. DBecause the government has a strict rule for that. A 考查推理判断。根据第二段的“One fast-food chain alone sells more than $1 bill

9、ion worth of fries each year.No wonder，then, that the company pays particular attention to the way its fries are prepared.”可知，在美国，炸薯条是个很大的行业，所以会被特殊关注。故选A项。 3In the last paragraph, the writer mainly wants to say_ Asmall potatoes cannot be used for fries Bpotatoes are really important for Americans Ce

10、ating in America is the very first thing Dfries are really important for food industry D 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的内容“this part of the food industry is no small potatoes”可知，在美国，炸薯条在食品产业中不是“小土豆”(无足轻重的东西)，由此可推测，炸薯条在食品产业中占有重要的地位。故选D项。 干扰项分析 本题学生易误选B项，本文首先介绍了土豆被引入美国，且炸薯条带来了强大商业利润，但在最后一段中，根据关键信息“realize the enormou

11、s size and value of the potato crop”及“this part of the food industry is nosmall potatoes”可知，本段重点强调炸薯条在食品产业中的重要地位，而不是土豆对美国人的重要性，故排除B项。 4What is the main idea of this passage? AThe average American eats 50 pounds of potatoes a year. BFrench fries are made from potatoes. CPotatoes are a key vegetable i

12、n America. DThe various terms for potatoes have a long history. C 考查主旨大意。根据全文内容可知，在美国，土豆可以有多种吃法，尤其是炸薯条，深受人们的欢迎，也因此带来了强大的商业利润，在食品产业中占有重要地位。因此，本文的主旨是，在美国土豆是很重要的蔬菜。故选C项。 B the cost of gas and ，)It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams年湖南长郡中学模拟(2017the great speed of modern life，but manners on the r

13、oad are becoming horrible.Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel.It is all right to have a tiger in a cage，but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter. Road politeness is not only good manners，but a good sense.It takes the most cool-headed drivers g

14、reat patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving.On the other hand，a little politeness goes a long way toward reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting.A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of go

15、odwill and becomes so necessary in modern traffic conditions.But such behavior of politeness is by no means enough.Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it. However，misplaced politeness can also be dangerous.A typical example is the driver who waves a child

16、crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may not be able to stop in time.The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to. An experienced driver，whose manners are faultless，told me it would help if drivers learnt to correct

17、ly join in a traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings.Unfortunately，modern drivers cant even learn to drive，let alone master the roadmanship(公路驾车技能)Years ago，experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give-and-take(互谅互让

18、)from all road users.It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart. 【语篇解读】 随着车辆的增多，很多司机都有可怕的路怒症，甚至不知道什么是文明交通。专家们呼吁，司机应该互谅互让，将文明驾驶牢记在心。 1The passage mainly talks about _ Atraffic jams Bgood manners D modern drivers Croad politeness C 考查主旨大意。根据文章第二段第一句Road politeness is not only good man

19、ners，but a good sense.及第三段第一句However，misplaced politeness can also be dangerous.可知，本文主要围绕道路文明礼貌行为展开论述。故选C项。 2Troubles on the road are often caused by _ Atraffic jams Bthe behavior of the drivers Cthe great speed of modern life Dterrible road conditions B 考查推理判断。根据文章第一段第二句Everybody knows that the nic

20、est men would 可知，大家都知道，平时非常绅士的人在开车的时候也become fierce tigers behind the wheel.会变成一只猛虎。再根据文中对道路上司机们的种种行为的描述可判断，公路上的麻烦主要是由司机的行为引起的。故选B项。 3According to the writer，a good driver should _ Aencourage children to cross the road whenever they want to Bbeat back when forced to face rude driving Cbe able to rec

21、ognize politeness when he sees it Djoin in a traffic stream quickly however other people feel C 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段最后一句Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.可知，在看到礼貌行为时，一个好司机应当能够对此有所认知。故选C项。 4It is not always right for drivers to _ Amaster the roadmanship Bneg

22、lect politeness when they see it Cgive a friendly nod in answer to an act of politeness Dencourage old ladies to cross the road whenever and wherever they want to D 考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to.可知，给老人让路，让他们随意过马路的礼貌行为是不对

23、的。故选D项。 C (2017年云南高三年级11校跨区调研考试) Spider(蜘蛛) webs have something in common with guitar strings.The long，thin strings on a guitar can vibrate(振动)They move back and forth，or from side to side.So do webs made by spiders.The lines of silk they produce can carry vibrations.This movement gives the small cr

24、eature information about what landed on the web. Spiders have eight legs and usually eight eyes.The animals build webs with their own soft，naturally-made silk.And much like playing the strings of a guitar，a spider can send out vibrations across its web over many different frequencies(频率)Spiders catc

25、h their food，usually insects in their webs.They make small movements，which spread across their webs.The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the webmaybe a possible mate，or something tasty to eat. Vibrations are not just used to spot what is for dinner.They are also importa

26、nt in courship(求爱)，so lots of males will actually create a very specific kind of musical pattern which the females and whether they ，but theyre the right species，can use to determine not only that theyre a malemight want to mate with them as well. Spiders make their own vibrations to find out the co

27、ndition of the webs.By controlling the tightness of the material，they can effectively control how information is getting to them when they hang out in the middle of the web.Spiders have a special ability to shape the physical nature of their self-made materials and creations.Scientists think that sp

28、ider silk may have changed over time for this purpose. 【语篇解读】 本文介绍了蜘蛛吐出的蛛丝可以传播不同频率的振动，这些振动让它们知道蜘蛛网上落下了什么东西并且这些振动在求爱中也非常重要。 1How does a spider feel that an insect is caught in the web? AThrough its sense of sight. BThrough vibrations of its web. CThrough different frequencies. DThrough a musical patt

29、ern. B 考查细节理解。根据第二段的“The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web”可知，蜘蛛可以通过蛛网的振动知道有东西落到蛛网了。故选B项。 2What does the underlined word“They”in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? AInsects. BStrings. D Vibrations. CSpiders. A 考查代词指代。根据第二段的“Spiders catch their food，usually insects in

30、 their webs.They make small movements，which spread across their webs”可知，蜘蛛在它们的蛛网上捕食，一般捕到的都是昆虫。它们制造出传遍整张蛛网的小振动。所以They指代的是昆虫。 3Which of the following statements is TRUE? ASilk produces vibrations as the strings of a guitar do. BFemale spiders make special sounds to attract a partner. CHunting will be

31、hard for spiders if the silk is loose. DThe tightness of silk cant be adjusted once its made. C 考查细节理解。根据第四段的“By controlling the tightness of the material，they can effectively control how information is getting to them”可知，蛛网的紧密度对蜘蛛捕猎至关重要，故选C项。 干扰项分析 根据第一段的第一句“Spider(蜘蛛) webs have something in common with guitar strings”可知，蛛网和吉他弦有一些共同之处，故排除A。根据第三段的“so lots of males will actually.theyre a male”可排除B。根据第四段的“By controlling the tightness of the material.in the middle of the web”可知，蜘蛛可以控制材料的紧密度，它们可以有效地调整 项。D蛛网的属性