高级英语第二册学习资料.docx

高级英语第二册学习资料.docx

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高级英语第二册学习资料

高级英语第二册

Unit1:

FacetoFacewithHurricaneCamille

byJosephP.Blank

I.AdditionalBackgroundKnowledge

1.       Hurricane;typhoon;cyclone

2.       SalvationArmy

3.       RedCross

II.IntroductiontothePassage

1.       Typeofliterature:

Apieceofnarration

--character（protagonist/antagonist）

--action（incidents,events,etc.）

--conflicts（suspense,tension）

--climax

--denouement

2.Mainidea

3.Organization：

--introduction

--development

--climax

--conclusion

III.EffectiveWritingSkills:

1.       makingeffectiveuseofverbs

2.       usingmanyellipticalandshort,simplesentencestoachievecertaineffect

IV.RhetoricalDevices:

1.       transferredepithet

2.       personification

3.       metaphor

4.       simile

V.SpecialDifficulties

Avoidingthefollowingkindsofmistakes:

1.       run-onsentences

2.       sentencefragments

3.       danglingmodifiers

4.       illogicalorfaultyparallelism

5.       unnecessaryshiftsinpointofview

6.       paraphrasingsomesentences

7.       identifyingfiguresofspeech

VI.Questions

1.       Whatistheorganizationalpatternofthispieceofnarration?

2.       Whatdoesthewriterfocuschieflyon---developingcharacter,action（plot）,oridea（theme）?

3.       Whoistheprotagonistinthestory?

4.       Howdoesthewriterbuildupandsustainthesuspenseinthestory?

5.       WhydidJohnKoshakfeelacrushingguilt?

Unit2:

MarrakechbyGeorgeOrwell

I.AdditionalBackgroundKnowledge

1.       GeorgeOrwell

2.       Morocco

3.       Marrakech

4.       TheJewishpeople

II.IntroductiontothePassage

1.       Typeofliterature:

apieceofexposition

2.       Thepurposeofapieceofexposition:

--toinformorexplain

3.       Waysofdevelopingthethesisofapieceofexposition:

--comparision,contrast,analogy,identification,illustration,analysis,definition,etc.

4.       Thecentralthoughtorthesis

III.EffectiveWritingSkills:

1.       makingeffectiveuseofspecificverbs

2.       usingthemethodsofcontrast,illustration,comparision,etc.

3.       cleverchoiceofwordsandscenesandtenses

IV.RhetoricalDevices:

1.       rhetoricalquestions

2.       repetition

3.       metaphor

4.       simile

5.       ellipticalsentences

V.SpecialDifficulties

1.    Makingsentencesmorecompactbypropersubordination,suchassubordinateclauses,appositives,prepositionalorverbalphrases.

2.   Discriminatinggroupsofsynonyms:

--wail,cry,weep,sob,whimper,moan

--glisten,glitter,flash,shimmer,sparkle

3.   Paraphrasingsomesentences

4.   Identifyingfiguresofspeech

VI.Questions

1.   Orwellshowsthepovertyofthenativesinatleastfiveways.Identifythem.

2.   Couldparagraphs4-7justaswellcomeafter8-15asbefore?

Whyorwhynot?

3.   Doesthisessaygivereadersanewinsightintoimperialism?

4.   CommentonOrwell’slucidstyleandfineattentiontosignificantdescriptivedetails.

Unit3:

PubTalkandKing’sEnglish

byHenryFairlie

I.AdditionalBackgroundKnowledge

1.       pub/pub-friends

2.       Dumas/ThreeMusketeers

3.       Carlyle

4.       CharlesLamb

II.IntroductiontothePassage

1.       Typeofliterature:

apieceofexposition

2.       Thethesis

3.       Whatmakesagoodconversation

4.       Seeminglylooseorganization

a.  titleb.transitionalparagraphc.digression

5.       Highlyinformallanguage

a.abundanceofsimpleidiomaticexpressionscheekedbyjowlwithcopiousliteraryandhistoricalallusions

b.amixedmetaphorinparagraph2

III.EffectiveWritingSkills:

1.       deliberatelywritingthisessayinaconversationalstyletosuitthetheme

2.       makingeffectiveuseofspecificverbs

IV.RhetoricalDevices:

1.         metaphor

2.         mixedmetaphor

3.       simile

V.SpecialDifficulties

1.Idiomaticexpressions:

--beontherocks

--getuponthewrongsideofthebed

--beonwings

--turnupone’snoseatsth.

--intotheshoesof

2.Allusions

--descendantsofconvicts

--Saxonchurls

--Normanconquerors

--musketeersofDumas

3.Theuseoftransitionaldevices

--transitionalwordsandexpressions

--pronounreference

--repetitionofimportantwords

4.Paraphrasingsomesentences

5.Identifyingfiguresofspeech

VI.Questions

1.       What,accordingtotheauthor,makesagoodconversation?

Whatspoilsit?

2.       Whatistheauthor’sattitudeofthewritertowards“theKing’sEnglish”?

3.       Howdoestheuseofwordsshowclassdistinction?

4.       Whatdoesthewritermeanwhenhesays,“theKing’sEnglish,liketheAnglo-FrenchoftheNormans,isaclassrepresentationofreality”?

Unit4:

InauguralAddress

byJohnF.Kennedy

I.AdditionalBackgroundKnowledge

1.       JohnFKennedy

2.       Hisassasination

3.       Inauguration

4.       Inauguraladdress

5.       Coldwarperiod:

socialistcampvs.capitalistcamp

II.IntroductiontothePassage

1.       Typeofliterature:

politicalspeech

2.       Objectofapoliticalspeech:

--toexplain

--toconvince

--topersuade

3.       Wellorganizedandhighlyrhetorical

4.       Biblicalstyle/language

5.       Often-quotedpassages

III.EffectiveWritingSkills:

1.  Employingsuitablerhetoricaldevicesandwordstocreatethedesiredemotionalimpact

2.   clearorderandappropriatetonetothedifferentgroupsheisaddressing

3.   EmployingBiblicalstyledeliberately

IV.RhetoricalDevices:

1.   metaphor

2.   antithesis

3. parallelism

4. repetition

V.SpecialDifficulties

1.Biblicallanguage/quotations/style

2.Usingthefollowingmethodsforforce,vividnessandemotionalappeal:

--Parallelandbalancedstructure

--Repetitionofimportantwords

--Antithesis

3.Paraphrasingsomesentences

4.Identifyingfiguresofspeech

VI.Questions

1.    CiteexamplestoshowthatKennedyisveryparticularandcarefulinhischoiceanduseofwords.

2.    Istheaddresswellorganized?

Commentontheorderinwhichheaddressedallthedifferentgroupsofnationsandpeople.

3.    IsKennedy’sargumentandpersuasionbasedmainlyonfactsandlogicoronanappealtoemotions?

Wouldthistypeofspeechbesuccessfulonalloccasions?

4.    Isthetoneandmessagesuitedtothedifferentgroupsheaddresses?

Giveyourreasons.

Unit5:

LoveIsaFallacy

byMaxShulman

I.AdditionalBackgroundKnowledge

1.   ThemeaningofLogicalfallacies

2.   Logicalfallacies:

--DictoSimpliciter

--HastyGeneralization

--PoisoningtheWell

--AdMisericordiam

II.IntroductiontothePassage

1.     Typeofliterature:

apieceofnarrativewriting

--protagonist/antagonists

--climax

--denouement

2.     Themaintheme

3.     Wellchosentitleandwords

4.     Style

--averyfastpacewitharacydialoguefullofAmericancolloquialismandslang

--employingavarietyofwritingtechniquestomakethestoryvivid,dramaticandcolorful

III.EffectiveWritingSkills:

1.    Employingcolorfullexicalspectrum,fromtheultralearnedtermstotheinfraclippedvulgarforms

2.   Toomuchfigurativelanguageandungrammaticalinversionforspecificpurposes

3. Theusingofshortsentences,ellipticalsentencesanddashestomaintainthespeedofnarration

IV.RhetoricalDevices:

1.metaphor

3.  antithesis

4.  transferredepithet

4. hyperbole

5. metonymy

6. litotes

7.   ellipsis

8.   synecdoche

9.   inversion

10. simile

11. mixedmetaphor

12. rhetoricalquestions

V.SpecialDifficulties

1.  Analyzingthelogicalfallacies

2.  Usinginvertedsentencestoachieveemphasis

3.Effectivelyusingmanyfiguresofspeech

4.Understandingcolloquialexpressionsandslang

5.Allusions:

--Frankenstein

--Pygmalion

6.Paraphrasingsomesentences

7.Identifyingfiguresofspeech

VI.Questions

1. Defineandgiveanexampleofeachofthelogicalfallaciesdiscussedinthisessay.

2. Canyoufindanyevidencetosupporttheviewthatthewriterissatirizingabrightbutself-satisfiedyoungman?

3. CommentonthelanguageusedbyPolly.Whateffectdoesherlanguagecreate?

4. WhydoesthewriterrefertoPygmalionandFrankenstein?

Aretheseallusionsaptlychosen?

5. Inwhatsenseistheconclusionironic?

Unit6:

DisappearingThroughtheSkylight

ByOsborneBennetHardisonJr.

I.AdditionalBackgroundKnowledge

1.    AbriefintroductiontoO.B.HardisonJr.

2.    AbriefintroductiontohisviewsinCultureandTechnologyintheTwentiethCentury

3. Internationalstyle

4. FeaturesofscientificEnglish

II.IntroductiontothePassage

1. Thecentralthemeof“disappearance”

--naturedisappears

--historydisappears

--solidbanksdisappears

2.Thefourimportantideasputforward

--disappearance

--theuniversalizingtendencyofscienceandtechnology

--manasacosmopolitan

--theplayfulnessofscience

3.Clearlyandlogicallyorganized

III.TheStylisticFeatures

1.  FeaturesofscientificEnglish

--technicaltermssuchasthermodynamics,genetics,geneticmutation,etc.

--shortsentencesandpresenttenseusedtoexpressauniversalstatement

2.Usingfigurativelanguagefreelytomakeideasmorevividandforceful

IV.RhetoricalDevices:

1.metaphor

2.  analogies

3.  repetition

4.       balancedstructures

5.       ellipsis

6.       rhetoricalquestions

V.SpecialDifficulties

1.    Sometechnicalterms

2.    Understandingthemetaphoricalphrase“DisappearingThroughtheSkylight”

3.    Theuseoftopicsentences

4.    Theuseofpres