高级英语第二册学习资料.docx

1、高级英语第二册学习资料高级英语第二册Unit 1: Face to Face with Hurricane Camille by Joseph P. BlankI. Additional Background Knowledge 1. Hurricane; typhoon; cyclone 2. Salvation Army 3. Red Cross II. Introduction to the Passage 1. Type of literature: A piece of narration -character (protagonist/antagonist) -action (in

2、cidents, events, etc.) -conflicts (suspense, tension) -climax -denouement 2. Main idea 3. Organization： -introduction -development -climax -conclusion III. Effective Writing Skills: 1. making effective use of verbs 2. using many elliptical and short, simple sentences to achieve certain effect IV. Rh

3、etorical Devices: 1. transferred epithet 2. personification 3. metaphor 4. simile V. Special Difficulties Avoiding the following kinds of mistakes: 1. run-on sentences 2. sentence fragments 3. dangling modifiers 4. illogical or faulty parallelism 5. unnecessary shifts in point of view 6. paraphrasin

4、g some sentences 7. identifying figures of speech VI. Questions 1. What is the organizational pattern of this piece of narration? 2. What does the writer focus chiefly on - developing character, action (plot), or idea (theme)? 3. Who is the protagonist in the story? 4. How does the writer build up a

5、nd sustain the suspense in the story? 5. Why did John Koshak feel a crushing guilt? Unit 2: Marrakech by George OrwellI. Additional Background Knowledge 1. George Orwell 2. Morocco 3. Marrakech 4. The Jewish people II. Introduction to the Passage 1. Type of literature: a piece of exposition 2. The p

6、urpose of a piece of exposition: - to inform or explain 3. Ways of developing the thesis of a piece of exposition: -comparision, contrast, analogy, identification, illustration, analysis, definition, etc. 4. The central thought or thesis III. Effective Writing Skills: 1. making effective use of spec

7、ific verbs 2. using the methods of contrast, illustration, comparision, etc. 3. clever choice of words and scenes and tenses IV. Rhetorical Devices: 1. rhetorical questions 2. repetition 3. metaphor 4. simile 5. elliptical sentences V. Special Difficulties 1.Making sentences more compact by proper s

8、ubordination, such as subordinate clauses, appositives, prepositional or verbal phrases. 2.Discriminating groups of synonyms: -wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan -glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkle 3.Paraphrasing some sentences 4.Identifying figures of speech VI. Questions 1.Orwell shows the

9、 poverty of the natives in at least five ways. Identify them. 2.Could paragraphs 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before? Why or why not? 3.Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism? 4.Comment on Orwells lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details. Unit 3:

10、Pub Talk and Kings Englishby Henry FairlieI. Additional Background Knowledge 1. pub/pub-friends 2. Dumas/Three Musketeers 3. Carlyle 4. Charles Lamb II. Introduction to the Passage 1. Type of literature: a piece of exposition 2. The thesis 3. What makes a good conversation 4. Seemingly loose organiz

11、ation a. title b. transitional paragraph c. digression 5. Highly informal language a. abundance of simple idiomatic expressions cheeked by jowl with copious literary and historical allusions b. a mixed metaphor in paragraph 2 III. Effective Writing Skills: 1. deliberately writing this essay in a con

12、versational style to suit the theme 2. making effective use of specific verbs IV. Rhetorical Devices: 1. metaphor 2. mixed metaphor 3. simile V. Special Difficulties 1. Idiomatic expressions: -be on the rocks -get up on the wrong side of the bed -be on wings -turn up ones nose at sth. -into the shoe

13、s of 2.Allusions -descendants of convicts -Saxon churls -Norman conquerors -musketeers of Dumas 3.The use of transitional devices -transitional words and expressions -pronoun reference -repetition of important words 4. Paraphrasing some sentences 5.Identifying figures of speech VI. Questions 1. What

14、, according to the author, makes a good conversation? What spoils it? 2. What is the authors attitude of the writer towards “ the Kings English”? 3. How does the use of words show class distinction? 4. What does the writer mean when he says, “the Kings English, like the Anglo- French of the Normans,

15、 is a class representation of reality”? Unit 4: Inaugural Address by John F. KennedyI. Additional Background Knowledge 1. John F Kennedy 2. His assasination 3. Inauguration 4. Inaugural address 5. Cold war period: socialist camp vs. capitalist camp II. Introduction to the Passage 1. Type of literatu

16、re: political speech 2. Object of a political speech: -to explain -to convince -to persuade 3. Well organized and highly rhetorical 4. Biblical style/language 5. Often-quoted passages III. Effective Writing Skills: 1.Employing suitable rhetorical devices and words to create the desired emotional imp

17、act 2.clear order and appropriate tone to the different groups he is addressing 3.Employing Biblical style deliberately IV. Rhetorical Devices: 1.metaphor 2.antithesis 3. parallelism 4. repetition V. Special Difficulties 1. Biblical language/quotations/style 2.Using the following methods for force,

18、vividness and emotional appeal: -Parallel and balanced structure -Repetition of important words -Antithesis 3.Paraphrasing some sentences 4.Identifying figures of speech VI. Questions 1.Cite examples to show that Kennedy is very particular and careful in his choice and use of words. 2.Is the address

19、 well organized? Comment on the order in which he addressed all the different groups of nations and people. 3.Is Kennedys argument and persuasion based mainly on facts and logic or on an appeal to emotions? Would this type of speech be successful on all occasions? 4.Is the tone and message suited to

20、 the different groups he addresses? Give your reasons. Unit 5: Love Is a Fallacyby Max ShulmanI. Additional Background Knowledge 1.The meaning of Logical fallacies 2.Logical fallacies: -Dicto Simpliciter -Hasty Generalization -Poisoning the Well -Ad Misericordiam II. Introduction to the Passage 1.Ty

21、pe of literature: a piece of narrative writing -protagonist/antagonists -climax -denouement 2.The main theme 3.Well chosen title and words 4.Style -a very fast pace with a racy dialogue full of American colloquialism and slang -employing a variety of writing techniques to make the story vivid, drama

22、tic and colorful III. Effective Writing Skills: 1.Employing colorful lexical spectrum, from the ultra learned terms to the infra clipped vulgar forms 2.Too much figurative language and ungrammatical inversion for specific purposes 3.The using of short sentences, elliptical sentences and dashes to ma

23、intain the speed of narration IV. Rhetorical Devices: 1. metaphor 3. antithesis 4. transferred epithet 4. hyperbole 5. metonymy 6. litotes 7. ellipsis 8. synecdoche 9. inversion 10. simile 11. mixed metaphor 12. rhetorical questions V. Special Difficulties 1.Analyzing the logical fallacies 2.Using i

24、nverted sentences to achieve emphasis 3. Effectively using many figures of speech 4. Understanding colloquial expressions and slang 5. Allusions: -Frankenstein -Pygmalion 6. Paraphrasing some sentences 7. Identifying figures of speech VI. Questions 1. Define and give an example of each of the logica

25、l fallacies discussed in this essay. 2.Can you find any evidence to support the view that the writer is satirizing a bright but self-satisfied young man? 3.Comment on the language used by Polly. What effect does her language create? 4.Why does the writer refer to Pygmalion and Frankenstein? Are thes

26、e allusions aptly chosen? 5.In what sense is the conclusion ironic? Unit 6: Disappearing Through the Skylight By Osborne Bennet Hardison Jr.I. Additional Background Knowledge 1.A brief introduction to O. B. Hardison Jr. 2.A brief introduction to his views in Culture and Technology in the Twentieth C

27、entury 3. International style 4. Features of scientific English II. Introduction to the Passage 1. The central theme of “disappearance” -nature disappears -history disappears -solid banks disappears 2. The four important ideas put forward -disappearance -the universalizing tendency of science and te

28、chnology -man as a cosmopolitan -the playfulness of science 3. Clearly and logically organized III. The Stylistic Features 1.Features of scientific English -technical terms such as thermodynamics, genetics, genetic mutation, etc. -short sentences and present tense used to express a universal stateme

29、nt 2. Using figurative language freely to make ideas more vivid and forceful IV. Rhetorical Devices: 1. metaphor 2. analogies 3. repetition 4. balanced structures 5. ellipsis 6. rhetorical questions V. Special Difficulties 1.Some technical terms 2.Understanding the metaphorical phrase “Disappearing Through the Skylight” 3.The use of topic sentences 4.The use of pres