Language Point89.docx

Language Point89.docx

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LanguagePoint89

LanguagePoint:

1.Seenfromthespace...=Whenourplaneisseenfromspace,...

Note:

Thisisan–edparticiplephraseasanadverbialoftime.

Par.Whenthefertilefieldsareseenfromtheplane,theylooklikechessboards.

Whenwaterisputinafreezer,itquicklybecomesice.

See‘note’1.1）onP121.

2.Thenineplanetsofthesolarsystemare,inorderofdistancefromthesun:

Mercury（水）Venus（金）Earth（地球）Mars（火）Jupiter（木）Saturn（土）Uranus[]（天王星）Neptune（海王）Pluto（冥王）

3.average

①v.—havean~of

He~s100yuanamonththisterm.

Myfamily~s60yuanamonthforgas.

②n.

The~ofmymarksofthistermis80.

Theicesheetismorethan7000feetthickon~.

onaverage/onan~

=onthe~

③adj.

Whatisthe~annualrainfallintheArctic?

Thecar’s~speedtodayis50milesanhour.

4....everyotherperson...—oneineverytwo

moreexamples:

WehaveEnglishpartieseveryotherweek.

Par.Weareaskedtowriteoneverytwolines.

everyotherline.

Igohomeonceeverytwoyears.

5.spectacular[]（adj.）—makingafinespectacle;attractingpublicattention可

公开展示的；景象可观的，壮观的，引人入胜的

A~displayoffireworks（烟花之奇观）

spectacle（n.）—sthseen;sthtakingplacebeforetheeyes,esp.sth.fineandremarkable景

象，光景

e.g.Thesunriseasseenfromthetopofthemountainwasafine~.

6.seteyeson—layeyeson;see

e.g.ItwasthemostextraordinarythingIhadeverseteyeson.

Par.Ihaveneverseenabookwithsuchmagnificentbinding.

Hesaidhehadneverseensuchacreature.

7.letalone—evenless,certainlynot;nottomention

Note:

Thisisaconjunctionusedafteranegativeclause.

e.g.Mybrothercan’tdofractions,letaloneworkoutthiscomplicatedgeometryproblem.

Heisverybusy,hecan’tfindtimetohaveameal,letalonegoouting.

8.setfooton/inetc.—goin;visit

setfootoutof...

e.g.Petergotmeasles,sohismotherdidn’tlethimsetfootoutofthehouse.

Par:

Theinventionofspaceshipshasmadeitpossibleformantogotothemoon.

setfooton

Mymotherdoesn’tletmegointoherroom.

setfootin

9.tenure[]—rightofholdingland占有权，占有期

e.g.duringhis~ofoffice（任职期）

military~（由于服兵役获得的土地所有权）

10.appreciate

~sth.

~doingsth.

11.outweigh（vt.）—begreaterinweight,valueorimportancethan...比…更重，更有价值，

更重要

Thisdesk~sthatone.

Advantages~disadvantages.

Myloveforourcountry~severythingelse.

Thegoodpoints~thebadpoints.

Thegoodinhim~sthebad.

Theboxer~edhisopponentbytenpounds.

out+v—vt

outweigh比…更重/重要

outact行动上胜过…

outbrave在勇气上超过

outbreed比…繁殖得快

outclass比…高一档

outcry比…叫喊更响

outdare胆量上胜过

outdo胜过…，超越

outeat比…吃得多

outfight战胜

outfly在飞行速度上超过

outfoot（在奔跑、航行等）速度超过

outgeneral在领导才能上超过（在将才上超过）

outgo走得比…远

outgrow长得比…快

outguess猜透；智胜

outlast比…经久，比…活得长

outlive在（某人）死时尚未死，比（某物）经久

outmarch在行军速度和耐力上胜过

outmatch胜过

outnumber在数量上超过

outpace在速度上超过

outplay胜过、击败

outpoint得分超过

outpoll得票超过

outrange射得比…远，超过，胜过

outride骑得比…快/远

outshine比…更亮

outsit比…坐得久

outsmart智胜

outspeak讲话上胜过

outstay比…住得久

outtalk比…讲得响亮

12.regard...as

thinkof...as+adj./n.

describe...as

but:

consider...tobe...

13.contrast

incontrast—incomparison

Mybrotheriscleveratmaths,incontrast,mysisterisstupid.

①in~to.../with与…构成对比

Hiswhitehairisinsharp~to/withhisdarkskin.

e.g.Inlivingstandard,HongKongisinsharpcontrastto/with...

TheWestEndofLondonisinsharp~to/withtheEastEnd.

In~to/withhisbrother,heismoreconsiderate.

②contrast（n.）—comparison;difference比较，对照

The~betweenthetwobrothersisremarkable.

[U]Contrastmaymakesomethingappearmorebeautiful.

Theartistsuse~skilfully.

[C]Heisanamusing~toJohn.

Hisschoolrecordwasadecided~tohisbrother’s.

Phrase:

by~—incomparison

By~,MrsYoungismoreout-spoken.

By~,Ilikeflowersmorethandancing.

③contrast[]（v.）

a）compare（onethingwithanother）sothatdifferencesaremadeclear比较，对比

~sthwithsth.=compare...with...

Inthisbook,thewriter~sgoodwithevil.

Contrastourclimatewiththatofthetropics.

He~edBritainwithAmerica.

b）showadifferencewhencompared.（vi.）比较显出差异；成对照（形成对照）

Hisactions~badlywithhispromises.

Thehotweather~swithlastweek’schill.

Hisbrother’shardwork~swithhislaziness.

14.isolation

①isolation（n.）—separation分离，隔绝

an~hospital—oneforpatientswithinfectiousdiseases

inisolation—inseparation

livein~

RobinsonCrusoelivedin~formanyyears.

Doyouliketolivein~?

Bein~

②isolate（v.）—separate,putorkeepapartfromothers.使隔离，使孤立，使隔绝

~sb

Whenapersonhasaninfectiousdisease,heisusually~d.

Doctors~thepatientswithinfectiousdiseases.

Severalvillageshavebeen~dbyheavysnowfalls.

An~dpatientisapersonwhoiskeptinanisolationward.

15.tempestuous[]（adj.）

—violent,stormy剧烈的，骚乱的，有暴风雨的（多指天气）

~weather.

（f.g.）ina~mood（excited）

a~politicalmeeting骚乱的政治集会

tempest[]（n.）—[C]violentstorm

Therewasa~lastweek.

~beaten;~-swept;~-tossed被暴风打击的

（f.g.）A~oflaughtersweptthroughthecrowd.

16.incline

①beinclinedtodosth—belikelyto,tendto.倾向于，感到想…

Withhispoorhealth,heis~dtogettired.

Heis~dtobelazy.

Iam~dtoagreewithyou.

I’m~dtothinkheisright.

Manylanguageteachersare~dtotalktoomuch.

be/feel~edforsth.

Doyoufeel~edforacupoftea?

你想喝茶吗?

②incline（v.）—tend;bedisposed倾向,愿意.

~todosth.

I~tobelievehisinnocence.

Olderpeople~toslowdown.

Thewholefamily~storiseearly.

~sbtodosth.使倾向于…

Hisletter~dmetobelievethathedoesn’twanttocome.

Theargument~smetoagree.

~tosth.倾向于，偏于…

I~toyouropiniononthatmatter.

I~totirednessinsummer.

③inclination（n.）—[U]mentalleaning,likingordesire,disposition，意向，爱好，倾向

Peoplewhogooncoursesdevelopaninclinationtotryandgoon.（n.→v.）

areinclined

develop

showan~todosth

~todosth

showno~

Sheshowedno~toleave.

followone’s~

Sheisnotfreetofollowherown~.

④incline（n.）[C]钭面

inclination

17.tensofthousands

hundredsofthousands

thousandsofmillions

18.ahandfulof

—anamountwhichisasmuchascanbeheldinthehand;asmallnumberof;asmallamountof

Similarexamples:

amouthfuloffood

aspoonfulofsoup

abucketfulofmud

aroomfulofpeople

acupfulofwater

apocketfulofsweets

19.asregards—regarding,concerning,about,asfaras...

e.g.Asregardshisprivatelife,hewouldnottellanybodyaboutit.

Youcanrestassuredasregardsthequalityoftherefrigerator.

20.precipitation（n.）—fallofrain,sleet,snoworhail;amountofthis雨，霙，雪或雹的下降；

其降量

theannual~inthecountry…降雨量

21.byfar...—alargeamountordegree显得；…得多（经常和比较级或最高级连用）

和最高级连用：

e.g.Thenewbrandofchocolateisbyfarthebestofitskind.（…显然…）

Thenewseaportwillbyfarbethemostadvancedcoalwharfinthisarea.

[:

]码头

Heisbyfarthebestplayerinourteam.

Thatisbyfarthebestchoice.

ItisbyfarthebestwaytolearnEnglish.

和比较级连用:

远比…，…得多，

Hisworkisbetterbyfarthanthatofanyother.

Thisisbetterbyfar.

Theoldroadisprettier,butitisbyfarthelongerway.

Sheisbyfarthebetteractress.

thebetteractressbyfar.

Thisis（by）farthebetterofthetwo.

22.-88℃—minus88degreecentigrade

c.f.88℉—88degreesFahrenheit

boilingpoint212℉

freezingpoint32℉

23.integrate[]（vt.）—combinepartsintoawhole;

disintegrate（vt.）—breakintopieces

24.injurious

①adj.—causinginjury;hurtful

be~to...

Smokingis~tohealth.

②injure（v.）—hurt,damage.

get~d.

Shesaidtohermotherinaninjuredvoice.

③injury（n.）

25.aknotofwind

knot:

ameasureofthespeedofashiporwind

aknot=1853metresperhour

26.haveaneffecton—affect

Pollutionwillhaveadirecteffectontheriseanddropintemperature.

27.smallwonderthat...

nowonder

notsurprising

Youngpeopleliketofollowthefashion;Smallwonder（that）mysonasksmetobuysomenewclothesforhim.

Hegotupverylate.Smallwonderhewaslateforclass.

Completethefollowingsentences,using‘smallwonder’

Heisill,...

Itisraining,...

Theshophasclosed,...

Hefailedintheexam,...

28.inviolate[]—keptsacred;notviolated.神圣的，不可侵犯的

an~promise

an~oath（誓言）

29.drawback（n.）

①sthwhichmakesprogresslesseasy;disadvantage障碍，不利

~tosth.

Hislazinessisthe~tohisstudy.

progress.

Hisbeingonhishighhorseisthe~tohisprogress.趾高气扬

2shortcoming缺点

The~ofthisplanisthatitcoststoomuch.

Itisagoodcar.Theonly~isthatitusesalotofpetrol.

倒装句

Henotonlystudieshard,butalsohelpsothers.

Notonlydoeshe...

调换主语

Thenewssurprisedhim.（subject）

Hewas...by...

LanguagePoints:

1.Andatownhasawholeemotion.

Thisisanexampleofmetaphor.Atowniscomparedtoalivingbeingwithfeelingsofallkinds——love,joy,hate,fear,grief,etc.

2.scramble

①（v.）

a）climborcrawloversteeporroughground快速攀爬

Theboys~dupthesteeprockyhill.

They~dupthesideofacliff.

He~doverarockyhillside.

I~duptherockforabetterlookatthesea.

b）strugglewithotherstogetsth争抢，争夺

compete

~for...

Thethreeofus~dforthelooseball.（抢球）

Theplayerswerescramblingforpossessionoftheball.

Manycountriesarescramblingforthecontrolofenergy.

Thechildren~dforthecoinsthatwerethrowntothem.

~todosth

Theplayerswerescramblingtogetpossessionoftheball.

c）hurrytodosth匆忙做某事

She~dintoherclothes.

He~doutofhisclothesandjumpedintoriver.

Hescrambledtohisfeet.

We~dforco