全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题.docx

全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题.docx

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全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题

2008年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis 1 tosayitanyway.Heisthat 2 bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently3 anyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot 4thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.

5 he,however,mighttrembleatthe 6 ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly 7 thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.Thegroupin 8areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnaturalselection.

ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest, 9 12-15pointsabovethe 10 valueof100,andhavecontributed 11 totheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe 12 oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists, 13 .Theyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts, 14 ,havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeen 15 tosocialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionof 16 education.Thelatterwasseenasa（an） 17 ofgeneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately 18 .Hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas19 themtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis 20 stateofaffairs.

1.[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[D]pleased

2.[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[D]rare

3.[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against

4.[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[D]lately

5.[A]Only[B]So[C]Even[D]Hence

6.[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[D]risk

7.[A]advises[B]suggests[C]protests[D]objects

8.[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[D]question

9.[A]attaining[B]scoring[C]reaching[D]calculating

10.[A]normal[B]common[C]mean[D]total

11.[A]unconsciously[B]disproportionately[C]indefinitely[D]unaccountably

12.[A]missions[B]fortunes[C]interests[D]careers

13.[A]affirm[B]witness[C]observe[D]approve

14.[A]moreover[B]therefore[C]however[D]meanwhile

15.[A]givenup[B]gotover[C]carriedon[D]putdown

16.[A]assessing[B]supervising[C]administering[D]valuing

17.[A]development[B]origin[C]consequence[D]instrument

18.[A]linked[B]integrated[C]woven[D]combined

19.[A]limited[B]subjected[C]converted[D]directed

20.[A]paradoxical[B]incompatible[C]inevitable[D]continuous

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Whilestillcatchinguptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital.

Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries（thefemalereproductiveorgans）removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.

Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,”saysDr.Yehuda.“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“it’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.”

Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilymembers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”

AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwasliving