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考试阅读理解
Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthatbeingrandomly(随机地)assignedtoaroommateofanotherracecanleadtoincreasedtolerancebutalsotoagreaterlikelihood(可能性)ofconflict.
Recentreportsfoundthatlodgingwithastudentofadifferentracemaydecreaseprejudiceandcompelstudentstoengageinmoreethnicallydiversefriendships.
AnOhioStateUniversitystudyalsofoundthatblackstudentslivingwithawhiteroommatesawhigheracademicsuccessthroughouttheircollegecareers.Researchersbelievethismaybecausedbysocialpressure.
InaNewYorkTimesarticle,SamBoakye–theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloor-saidthat"ifyou'resurroundedbywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove."
Researchersalsoobservedproblemsresultingfrompairinginterracialstudentsinresidences.
Accordingtotworecentstudies,randomlyassignedroommatesofdifferentracesaremorelikelytoexperienceconflictssostrainedthatoneroommatewillmoveout.
AnIndianaUniversitystudyfoundthatinterracialroommateswerethreetimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolongerlivetogetherbytheendofthesemester.
GraceKao,aprofessoratPennsaidshewasnotsurprisedbythefindings."Thismaybethefirsttimethatsomeofthesestudentshaveinteracted,andlived,withsomeoneofadifferentrace,"shesaid.
AtPenn,studentsarenotaskedtoindicateracewhenapplyingforhousing.
"Oneofthegreatthingsaboutfreshmanhousingisthat,withsomeexceptions,theprocessthrowsyoutogetherrandomly,"saidUndergraduateAssemblychairmanAlecWebley."Thisisthedefinitionofintegration."
"I'veexperiencedroommateconflictsbetweeninterracialstudentsthathavebothbrokendownstereotypesandreinforcedstereotypes,"saidonePennresidentadvisor(RA).TheRAoftwoyearsaddedthatwhilesomeconflicts"providedmoremulticulturalacceptanceandmelding(融合),"therewerealso"jarringculturalconfrontations."
TheRAsaidthattheseconflictshavealsooccurredamongroommatesofthesamerace.
Kaosaidshecautionsagainstforminganygeneralizationsbasedonanyoneofthestudies,notingthatmorebackgroundcharacteristicsofthestudentsneedtobestudiedandexplained.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
57.Whatcanwelearnfromsomerecentstudies?
A)Conflictsbetweenstudentsofdifferentracesareunavoidable.
B)Studentsofdifferentracesareprejudicedagainsteachother.
C)Interraciallodgingdoesmoreharmthangood.
D)Interraciallodgingmayhavediverseoutcomes.
58.WhatdoesSamBoakye'sremarkmean?
A)Whitestudentstendtolookdownupontheirblackpeers.
B)Blackstudentscancompetewiththeirwhitepeersacademically.
C)Blackstudentsfeelsomewhatembarrassedamongwhitepeersduringthefreshmanyear.
D)Beingsurroundedbywhitepeersmotivatesablackstudenttoworkhardertosucceed.
59.WhatdoestheIndianaUniversitystudyshow?
A)Interracialroommatesaremorelikelytofallout.
B)Fewwhitestudentslikesharingaroomwithablackpeer.
C)Roommatesofdifferentracesjustdon'tgetalong.
D)Assigningstudents'lodgingrandomlyisnotagoodpolicy.
60.WhatdoesAlecWebleyconsidertobethe"definitionofintegration"?
A)Studentsofdifferentracesarerequiredtosharearoom.
B)Interraciallodgingisarrangedbytheschoolforfreshmen.
C)Lodgingisassignedtostudentsofdifferentraceswithoutexception.
D)Theschoolrandomlyassignsroommateswithoutregardtorace.
61.WhatdoesGraceKaosayaboutinterraciallodging?
A)Itisunscientifictomakegeneralizationsaboutitwithoutfurtherstudy.
B)Schoolsshouldbecautiouswhenmakingdecisionsaboutstudentlodging.
C)Students'racialbackgroundshouldbeconsideredbeforelodgingisassigned.
D)Experiencedresidentadvisorsshouldbeassignedtohandletheproblems.
答案
57.D)Interraciallodgingmayhavediverseoutcomes.
58.D)Beingsurroundedbywhitepeersmotivatesablackstudenttoworkhardertosucceed.
59.A)Interracialroommatesaremorelikelytofallout.
60.D)Theschoolrandomlyassignsroommateswithoutregardtorace.
61.A)Itisunscientifictomakegeneralizationsaboutitwithoutfurtherstudy.
PassageTwo
Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.
Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(营养不良)andheat-relatedhealthproblems.
Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.