心理学8数据分析技术SPSS.ppt

心理学8数据分析技术SPSS.ppt

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数据分析技术SPSS的运用11/12/ApoemThepackagescomeoutenmasse,LikeMinitab,Systat,andSAS.TheultimatemessIsSPSS,Whicheveryoneuses,alas.统计软件包纷纷问世，比如Minitab,Systat,以及SAS。

最让人烦的是，SPSS，可每个人都得使，真是要死！

11/12/StepsinanalyzingdatawithSPSS1.Enteryourdataintoadatafile.2.Readthedatafile.2a.Optional-Providedescriptivelabelsfortheoutput.2b.Optional-Transformthedataintosuitableform.3.Analyzeorgraphthedata.11/12/EnterthedataintoadatafileEnterthedataintotheSPSSdataeditor.Besuretosavethedatafilebeforeyoucontinue.Youcanalsoenterdataintoaspreadsheetordatabase,ifthatsoftwarecansaveadatafileinoneoftheformatsthatSPSSreads.SelectOpenfromtheFilemenu,thenselectDataFiletoseewhattheseformatsare.YoucanalsoenterdataintoanASCIIfilewithatexteditororwordprocessor.11/12/11/12/ReadthedatafileIfyouveenteredthedataintotheSPSSdataeditor,theresnothingmoretodohere!

IfthedatawerepreviouslysavedinSPSS,spreadsheet,ordatabaseformat,selectOpenfromtheFilemenu.IfthedataweresavedinanASCIIfile,selectReadASCIIDatafromtheFilemenu.11/12/ProvidedescriptivelabelsOncethedataareinthedataeditor,selectthevariablename（inthecolumnheadings）andchooseDefineVariablefromtheDatamenu.Changethevariablenameifyouwish.VariableLabelsandValueLabelsareoptional.Ifyoudefinethem,SPSSusesthemtoannotateitsoutput.SelectLabelsfromtheDefineVariabledialogboxtodoso.11/12/11/12/TransformthedataYoucancorrectmistakesorchangespecificdatavaluesdirectlyinthedataeditor.Ifyouneedmoresystematicchanges,forexampletocreatenewvariablesortochangethewayexistingvariablesarecoded,usethecommandsintheTransformmenu.11/12/11/12/AnalyzeorgraphthedataThisiswhywereallhere.CommandsinthesubmenusundertheAnalyzemenuprovidestatisticalanalysis,andcommandsintheGraphsmenuprovidegraphicanalysis.MorecommandswillbemadeavailablewithoptionalmodulesofSPSS.Tofindoutwhichcommanddoeswhatyouwanttodo,chooseWhatCommandsDofromtheHelpmenu.11/12/11/12/SummarizeTheSummarizesubmenuprovidestechniquesforsummarizingdatawithstatistics,charts,andreports.11/12/11/12/11/12/CustomTablesTheCustomTablessubmenuprovidesattractive,flexibledisplaysoffrequencycounts,percentages,andotherstatistics.11/12/11/12/ComparemeansTheComparemeanssubmenuprovidestechniquesfortestingdifferencesamongtwoormoremeansforbothindependentandrelatedsamples.11/12/11/12/ANOVAModelsTheANOVAsubmenuprovidestechniquesfortestingunivariateandmultivariateAnalysis-of-Variancemodels,includingrepeatedmeasures.11/12/CorrelateTheCorrelatesubmenuprovidesmeasuresofassociationfortwoormorevariablesmeasuredattheintervallevel.11/12/11/12/RegressionTheRegressionsubmenuprovidesavarietyofregressiontechniques,includinglinear,logistic,nonlinear,weighted,andtwo-stageleast-squaresregression.11/12/11/12/ClassifyTheClassifysubmenuprovidesclusteranddiscriminantanalysis.11/12/11/12/DataReductionTheDataReductionsubmenuprovidesfactoranalysis,correspondenceanalysis,andoptimalscaling.11/12/11/12/ScaleTheScalesubmenuprovidesreliabilityanalysisandmultidimensionalscaling.11/12/11/12/NonparametrictestsTheNonparametrictestssubmenuprovidesnonparametrictestsforonesample,orfortwoandmorepairedorindependentsamples.11/12/11/12/WhyGodneverreceivedaPhD11/12/1.Hehadonlyonemajorpublication.2.ItwasinHebrew.3.Ithadnoreferences.4.Itwasntpublishedinarefereedjournal.5.Someevendoubthewroteitbyhimself.6.Itmaybetruethathecreatedtheworld,butwhathashedonesincethen?

7.Hiscooperativeeffortshavebeenquitelimited.11/12/8.Thescientificcommunityhashadahardtimereplicatinghisresults.9.Heneverappliedtotheethicsboardforpermissiontousehumansubjects.10.Whenoneexperimentwentawryhetriedtocoveritbydrowninghissubjects.11.Whensubjectsdidntbehaveaspredicted,hedeletedthemfromthesample.12.Herarelycametoclass,justtoldstudentstoreadthebook.11/12/13.Somesayhehadhissonteachtheclass.14.Heexpelledhisfirsttwostudentsforlearning.彼得兄弟（彼得和安德烈）15.Althoughtherewereonly10requirements,mostofhisstudentsfailedhistests.16.Hisofficehourswereinfrequentandusuallyheldonamountaintop.17.Norecordofworkingwellwithcolleagues.11/12/