PartA写作基本理论1对英语句子的认识.docx

PartA写作基本理论1对英语句子的认识.docx

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PartA写作基本理论1对英语句子的认识

PartA写作基本理论1——对英语句子的认识

意义：

英语的句式与中文的不同。

我们在学习英语的时候要注意到这一点。

有的同学在学习中对此没有足够的认识，常常受中文的干扰。

在写作中表现出不能写出正确的句子。

I.什么是句子？

长的是句子，短的是词。

×

无论字数多少，只要有主语和谓语（动词），而且能表达完整的意义的一句话就是一个句子。

√

Iamtired.

Pressingone’spalmtogetherandrestingone’sheadonthebackofone’shandwhileclosingtheeyesasifsleepingmeans“Iamtired.”（双手合拢，闭上眼，把头靠在手背上像睡觉的样子，意思是说“我累了。

”）

这两个句子都具备了主语和谓语。

都是完整的句子。

要记住：

在英语中，一个句子必须且只能有一个谓语。

1.省略主语的句子

Comein,please.（You）

Openthedoor.

Sitdown.

Standup.

Whataday!

（Whataterribledayitis!

）

2.一个句子不能同时有两个谓语。

典型错误：

1）Theoldmanlikestakeawalkinthevillageaftersupper.

∟

2）Ienjoytalkwithhimoveracupofcoffee.

∟shecameinandsatdown.

3）Theboyrantohismothercrying.

∟

4）Afterwritingthenotice,heputituponthewall.

∟aftershe…you…

3.不要把从句的谓语当成句子的谓语,或把主句的谓语当成从句的谓语。

如果是一个复合句，主句和从句都应该分别有自己的主语和谓语。

典型错误：

1） Thosewhoeattoomuchwillbecomeeasilyill.

∟Mumisgoingtobuymeanicegift,whichISbeyondmyimagination.

2）Whenhewaswalkinginthepark,hefeltalittletired.

∟

3）Whenatschool,Istudiedveryhard.

∟ whenIwasatschool,…

Althoughhewasborninthecountry,he…

Althoughborninthecountry,…

Ifinvited,Iwillgo.

IfIaminvited,Iwillgo.

WhenIcamein,Isawhimsmoking.

Comingin,Isaw…

II.Practice:

判断以下是否是句子。

1.Birdscanfly.

2.ThebirdsinthecagewhichIboughtyesterdaydied.

3.Waitformeatthestation.

4.Ifyouknowhowtoplaywithwordstomakepeoplelaugh,

5.Awayofsaying“I’msorry”

6.Pattingthestomachbeforeamealmeans“Iamhungry.

7.Thebreadmymothermakesismuchbetterthanwhatyoucanbuyatthestore.

8.Tomakefriendsintheschoolwhichwasnotfarfrommynewhome

9.Ifyouwanttoknowwhatitfeelsliketofallthroughtheair,takeoffinarocket,flyahelicopterorfightaliencreaturesinouterspace

III.常见的句子结构

由于英语动词种类的不同，构成了不同的句子类型。

和中文不同的是，英语的动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。

表达同一个意思时，有的是及物动词，有的就是不及物动词。

如：

表示“听”这个意义时，listen是不及物动词；hear是及物动词。

表示“看”这个意义时，look是不及物动词，see,watch和notice就是及物动词。

表示“到达”，arrive是不及物动词，reach是及物动词。

不及物动词是不能接宾语的。

只能加上一个介词，才能接宾语。

如：

listento,lookat,arrivein等等。

1.主语+不及物动词

e.g.Hecamein.

TheairplanefromHongKongarrivedatfourp.m.

Onhisarrivalhewentstraighttothecounter.

Tocatchupwithothers,you’dbetterworkharder.

Howdidtheaccidentoccur?

InJuly,theshipsetoutforthePacific.

Australiahaschangedalotinthepastfortyyears.

Theylivedbyhuntinganimals,birdsandfish.

2.主语+系动词+表语

常见的系动词有：

be,seem,appear,become,go,get,grow,turn,look,sound,feel,taste,smell

Iwas..

e.g.Sheisveryhappy.（×Sheveryhappy.）

Iamastudent.

Hebecamenervouswhenthinkingofstealing.

Itisimpossibletofindashopthatisopenafter5p.m.inthisarea.

Weareproudofourfriends.

Tobecomeatopgymnast,itisimportanttostartwhenveryyoung.

It’smuchcheapertocampthantostayinahotel.

Itisuselesstryingtoarguewithhim.

Igotcaughtinthetraffic.

Justthen,thetrafficlightturnedred.

Heseemedtohavemisunderstoodyou.

3.主语+及物动词+宾语

e.g.WelearnEnglishatschool.

HewonderedwhetherBillhadmanagedtoescape.

Ididn’tmeantobesorude.

Mostpeoplehereearntheirlivingbyfarming.

Wewillsendthesegoodstothefloodedarea.

Youmustkeepyourword.

Itooksomephotosofsomebeautifulactress.

IhopethatonedayIshallbeabletorepayyou.

被动：

Englishislearntatschool.

Thesegoodswillbesenttothefloodedarea.

Belongto

Thebookbelongstome.

Takecareofsb/sth

Sthbetakencareof

4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

有些动词需要接两个宾语。

间接宾语一般由人担任，直接宾语一般由物担任。

give,offer,teach,tell,read,ask,bring,pass,lend,return,write,throw,allow,send,cost,make,buy,do,get,save,cook,sing,find等。

Igavemoney.

Givesbsth

Sbbegivensth

Sthbegiventosb.

Givesthtosb

Buysthforsb

e.g.Mybrothergavemeabook.

Whosentyouthecomputer?

MymotherwouldreadmeastorybeforeIwenttobed.

Iwon’ttellyouanythingaboutit.

CanyousingusanEnglishsong?

Passmethenewspaper,please.

这样的句子变为被动时可根据需要，将任何一个宾语作为句子的主语。

e.g.Iwasgivenabook.

Abookwasgiventome.

5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补

Asksbtodosth

Seesbdosth

Seesbdoingsth

Seesthdone

e.g.Unfortunatelytheyfinditdifficulttorepaythismoney.

ThegrowthinpopulationmadeNewYorkthelargestcityintheUSA.

Doyouthinkitpossibletofinishitinoneday?

Wearemakingourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful.

【模拟试题】

改错练习：

1.Pleasespeakloudersothateverybodycanlistentoyou.

2.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.

3.Listen!

Someoneisknockingatthedoor.

4.Hetoldmenottocallhimbefore9o’clock.

5.Doyourparentsallowyoutomakeyourowndecision?

6.AlthoughitisonlyAugust,theweatherisgettingworsedaily.

7.Becausetheprofessorhadfallenill,hewasnotabletobepresentattheconference.

8.InJapan,apersonseeingthe“OK”gesturemaythinkitmeansmoney.

9.WhenIwalkedpasthisroom,IheardhimsinginganEnglishsong.

PartB写作必备素材叙事类

①　外出活动、欣赏美景（日记）

Wedecidedtogooutforapicnic.

Ihadapleasantoutingwithsomeofmyclassmatestoday.

Earlyinthemorning,wesetoffforthefarmforavisit.

Whenwereachedthefarm,weweregivenawarmwelcome.

Theyshowedusaroundthefarm（Wewereshownaroundthefarm）,wherewesawmanykindsofplants.

Wecaughtsightofastreamwithgreengrassandbeautifulflowersonbothsides.

Wewerecompletelyamazedatthewonderandthegreatnessofnature.（我们完全被大自然的奇妙和伟大折服了）

Wejumpedandshoutedlikeinnocent（天真的）children.

Onceonthetopofthehill/Themomentwegottothetopofthehill,weweredeeplystruck/attractedbythebeautifulscenery.

Howweenjoyedthebeautifulviewsfromthetop!

Afterbeingdividedintogroups,wesettoworkatonce.

Someofusweregettingwater,some（were）cuttingthemeatandvegetables,andothers（were）sittingonthegrassenjoyingmusic.

Birdsweresingingsweetlyinthetreesandbutterfliesweredancinggracefullyinthegarden/fields.

Whenlunchtimecame,wesatonthegrassland,eatinganddrinkinghappily.

Themealwassodeliciousthatweenjoyeditverymuch.

Wesanganddancedtogethertothemusic.

Threehourshadpassedbeforeweknewit.

Thetimepassedquicklybeforeweknewit.

Itwastimeforustogobackwhenthesunstartedtogodown.

Ispentthewholeafternoonwithourcousins,enjoyingthefinesceneryandfreshairinthecountry.

Ataboutfouro’clockintheafternoon,wesaidgoodbyetothem

Atfouro’clockintheafternoonwehadtoreturn.

Theycameouttoseeusuntilwedisappearedinthedistance.

Onthewayback,wewerelaughingandtalkingallthetime.

Whatawonderfulweekendwehad!

Weenjoyedourselvesverymuch.

Throughtheseout-ofclassactivitieswecanlearnalotofthingsthatcan’tbelearnedinclass.

Althoughweweretired,wefeltveryhappy.Ithinkit’sourdutytocoverourcountrywithgreen.

近年来高考英语书面表达中的复杂高级句

1.Wecanpayavisittothemuseum,andstudycomputer,paintingandmanyotherthings.

2.WecanwatchnewsprogramsonTV,andreadbooksornewspapersintheevening.

3.Iusedtoattendclassesatschoolanddealwithourhomeworkinthedaytime.

4.Iusedtohavetoworkevenatweekendsdoingendlesshomeworkandattendingclasses.

5.IwaswalkingalongParkRoadtowardstheeastwhenanelderlymancameoutoftheparkontheothersideofthestreet.

6.Thenextmomentthecarhitthemanwhilehewascrossingtheroad.

7.Ontheotherside,wheretheplaygroundusedtobenowstandsanothernewbuilding—ourlibrary.

8.Atnoonwehadapicniclunchinthesunshine.

9.Afterashortrest,wehadgreatfunsinginganddancing,andtellingjokesorstories.

10.Thentheheadofthefarmshowedusaroundthefarm.Showsbaroundaplace

11.TheotherdaymybrotherandIwenttothecinemabybicycle.

12.Mybrotherwasridingwithmesittingontheseatbehind.Witho.o.c.

13.Hopeyoudon’thavetowaitaslongaswedid.

14.IstudiedinGuangmingPrimarySchoolfrom1984to1990.

15.ThemainsubjectsIstudiedatschoolincludedChinese,maths,English,physics,chemistryandcomputer./onthetopofthemainbuilding/themainroad/themaingate

16.LastyearIwonfirstprizeintheschoolcomputercompetition.

17.Afteryouentertheparkbythemaingate,walkstraightontillyoucometoastream.Crossthestreamandturnright.Afterwalkingforawhileyou’llcometoahill.Walkroundtotheothersideofthehill.Thenyou’llseealake.

18.Ihaveanannouncementtomake.

19.ThestudentsunionisgoingtoholdapartyonSaturdayevening,August15,towelcomeourfriendsfromtheUnitedStates.

20.Remembertowrapupthesmallgift,signyournameandwriteafewwordsofgoodwishes.

21.Therewillbemusic,dancing,singing,gamesandexchangeofgift.

22.OnedaymyparentswenttoworkinthefieldstakingmylittlesisterandAhFualong.

23.Shewastryingtopickaflowerwhenshefellintotheriver.

24.TheysawAhFuswimmingtowardsthebankcarryingmylittlesister.

25.AteighthebecameamemberofthedivingteaminGuangdongProvince.

26.Hestudiedhardatschoolandtrainedhardforfiveyearsbeforehecametothenationalteam.

27.Itwasprettyhardonthechildrenofthevillagewhohadtogotoschoolinothervillageswhichwereallfaraway.

28.Theteachershadfinishedmiddleschooleducationbeforetheyreturnedtoteachhere.

29.Thepupilsaredividedintofivedifferentclasses,inwhichsixsubjectsaretaught.

30.Educationisfreeforallchildreninthevillage.

31.60%ofthestudentsareagainsttheideaofentrancefees.

32.Theybelieveapublicpar