职称英语卫生类A级真题及答案.docx
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职称英语卫生类A级真题及答案
2013年职称英语卫生类A级真题及答案
第1部分：
词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.Thedrinkingwaterhasbecome contaminated withlead.
A.treated B.tested C.corrupted D.polluted
2.Respectforlifeisa cardinal principleofthelaw.
A.moral B.regular C.fundamental D.hard
3.Therulesaretoo rigid toallowforhumaneerror.
A.inflexible B.general C.complex D.direct
4.She shed afewtearsatherdaughter’swedding.
A.wiped B.injected C.removed D.produced
5.Theydidn’tseemtoappreciatethe magnitude oftheproblem.
A.existence B.importance C.cause D.situation
6.Thecontractbetweenthetwocompanieswill expire soon.
A.end B.shorten C.start D.resume
7.Theproposalwas endorsed bythemajorityofmembers.
A.approved B.rejected C.submitted D.considered
8.Thepolicewillneedtokeepa wary eyeonthisareaoftown.
A.naked B.cautious C.blind D.private
9.Manyexpertsremain skeptical abouthisclaims.
A.untouched B.certain C.doubtful D.silent
10.Rumorsbeganto circulate abouthisfinancialproblems.
A.send B.hear C.confirm D.spread
11.Threeworld-classtennisplayerscameto contend forthistitle.
A.argue B.compete C.claim D.wish
12.Thetowerremains intact evenaftertwohundredyears.
A.unknown B.unusual C.undamaged D.unstable
13.Themethodsofcommunicationusedduringthewarwere primitive.
A.reliable B.effective C.simple D.alternative
14.Comeout,orI’ll bust thedoordown.
A.shut B.set C.beat D.break
15.Thisspecieshasnearly diedout becauseitshabitatisbeingdestroyed.
A.turneddead B.passedby C.becomeextinct D.carriedaway
第2部分：
阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
InYourFace
Whyisthismansoangry?
Wedon'tknowthereason,butwecanseetheemotioninhisface.Whatevercultureyoucomefrom,youcanexpressing.
Fortyyearsago,psychologistPaulEkmanoftheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,becameinterestedinhowpeople'sfacesshowtheirfeelings.HetookphotographsofAmericansexpressingvariousemotions.ThenheshowedthemtotheForepeople,wholiveinthejungleinNewGuinea.MostoftheForehadneverseenforeignfaces,buttheyeasilyunderstoodAmericans'expressionsofanger,happiness,sadness,disgust,fear,andsurprise.
ThenEkmandidthesameexperimentinreverse.HeshowedpicturesofForefacestoAmericans,andtheresultsweresimilar.AmericanshadnoproblemsreadingtheemotionsontheForepeople'sfaces.Ekman'sresearchgavepowerfulsupporttothetheorythatfacialexpressionsforbasicemotionsarethesameeverywhere.HedidmoreresearchinJapan,Brazil,andArgentina,andgotthesameresults.
AccordingtoEkman,thesesixemotionsareuniversalbecausetheyarebuiltintoourbrains.Theydevelopedtohelpusdealwiththingsquicklythatmighthurtus.Someemotionaltriggersareuniversalaswell.Whensomethingsuddenlycomesintosight,peoplefeelfear,becauseitmightbedangerous.Butmostemotionaltriggersarelearned.Forexample,twopeoplemightsmellnewlycutgrass.Onepersonspentwonderfulsummersinthecountryasachild,sothesmellmakeshimhappy.Theotherpersonremembersworkingveryhardonafarmandbeinghungry,sohefeelssad.
Butwecanlearntomanageouremotionsbetter.Forinstance,wecanbemoreawareofthingsthatmakeusangryandwecanthinkbeforewereact.
Therearemanydifferencesbetweencultures,intheirlanguagesandcustoms.Butasmileisexactlythesameeverywhere.
16. PaulEkmanstudiespeople'sfacesindifferentcultures.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
17. Ekmandidresearchinseveralcountriesandgotdifferentresults.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
18.AmericansgetangrymoreoftenthantheForepeoplefromNewGuinea
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
19.Ekmanthinksthatsomebasicemotionsarethesameeverywhere.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
20.Twopeoplemightfeeldifferentemotionsaboutthesamething.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
21. Fearisthemostdifficultemotiontochange.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
22. Peopleofdifferentculturessmilewhentheyunderstandeachother.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
第3部分：
概括大意与完成句子（第23-30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：
（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最佳标题；
（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
OrganicFood:
Why?
1.Europeisnowthebiggestmarketfororganicfoodintheworld,expandingby25percentayearoverthepast10years.Sowhatistheattractionoforganicfoodforsomepeople?
Thereallyimportantthingisthatorganicsoundsmore“natural”.Eatingorganicisawayofdefiningoneselfasnatural,good,caring,differentfromthejunk-food-eatingmasses.
2.Unlikeconventionalfarming,theorganicapproachmeansfarmingwithnaturalratherthanman-made,fertilisersandpesticides.Techniquessuchascroprotationimprovesoilqualityandhelporganicfarmerscompensatefortheabsenceofman-madechemicals.Asamethodoffoodproduction,organicis,however,inefficientinitsuseoflabourandland;thereareseverelimitstohowmuchfoodcanbeproduced.Also,theenvironmentalbenefitsofnotusingartificialfertiliseraretinycomparedwiththeamountofcarbondioxideemittedbytransportingfood.
3.Organicfarmingisoftenclaimedtobesaferthanconventionalfarming.Yetstudiesintoorganicfarmingworldwidecontinuetorejectthisclaim.AnextensivereviewbytheUKFoodStandardsAgencyfoundthattherewasnostatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenorganicandconventionalcrops.Evenwhereresultsindicatedtherewasevidenceofadifference,thereviewersfoundnosignthatthesedifferenceswouldhaveanynoticeableeffectonhealth
4.Thesimplisticclaimthatorganicfoodismorenutritiousthanconventionalfoodwasalwayslikelytobemisleading.Foodisanaturalproduct,andthehealthvalueofdifferentfoodswillvaryforanumberofreasons,includingfreshness,thewaythefoodiscooked,thetypeofsoilitisgrownin,theamountofsunlightandraincropshavereceived,andsoon.Likewise,theflavourofacarrothaslesstodowithwhetheritwasfertilisedwithmanureorsomethingoutofaplasticsackthanwiththevarietyofcarrotandhowlongagoitwasdugup.
5.Thenotionthatorganicfoodissaferthan“normal”foodisalsocontradictedbythefactthatmanyofourmostcommonfoodsarefullofnaturaltoxins.Asoneresearchexpertsays:
“Peoplethinkthatthemorenaturalsomethingis,thebetteritisforthem.Thatissimplynotthecase.Infact,itistheoppositethatistrue:
thecloseraplantistoitsnaturalstate,themorelikelyitisthatitwillpoisonyou.Naturallymanyplantsdonotwanttobeeaten,sowehavespent10,000yearsdevelopingagricultureandbreedingoutharmfultraitsfromcrops.”
A.Mainreasonforthepopularityoforganicfood
B.Descriptionoforganicfarming
C.Factorsthataffectfoodhealthvalue
D.Testingthetasteoforganicfood
E.Necessitytoremovehiddendangersfromfood
F.Researchintowhetherorganicfoodisbetter
23.Paragraph1
24.Paragraph2
25.Paragraph3
26.Paragraph4
27.Techniquesoforganicfarminghelp _________.
28.Thereisnoconvincingevidenceto _________.
29.Theweatherconditionsduringthegrowthofcrops_________.
30.Thecloseraplantistoitsnaturalstate,thelesssuitableitisto_________.
A.showthatorganiccropsaresaferthanconventionalones
B.bespeciallytrained
C.improvesoilquality
D.poisonyou
E.beeaten
F.affecttheirnutritionalcontent
第4部分：
阅读理解（第31-45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇WhyDon’tBabiesTalkLikeAdults?
Overthepasthalf-century,scientistshavesettledontworeasonabletheoriesrelatedtobabytalk.Onestatesthatayoungchild'sbrainneedstimetomasterlanguage,inthesamewaythatitdoestomasterotherabilitiessuchasphysicalmovement.Thesecondtheorystatesthatachild'svocabularylevelisthekeyfactor.Accordingtothistheory,somekeystepshavetooccurinalogicalsequencebeforesentenceformationoccurs.Children'smathematicalknowledgedevelopsinthesameway.
In2007,researchersatHarvardUniversity,whowerestudyingthetwotheories,foundacleverwaytotestthem.Morethan20,000internationallyadoptedchildrenentertheU.S.eachyear.Manyofthemnolongerheartheirbirthlanguage
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