独立性写作 小宝.docx

独立性写作 小宝.docx

《独立性写作 小宝.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《独立性写作 小宝.docx（5页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

独立性写作小宝

独立性写作

八大论证功能段落

1.对立观点引出功能段

Whenitrefersto......people’sopinionsaredivergentonsuchacontroversialissue

Theoverwhelmingmajoritywouldsupportthat.....othershowevertakethenegativeattitude.

2个人观点表达功能段

A.FromthepersonalperspectiveIpreferAratherthanBasmyinclination.

B.TochooseAorchooseBissthofadelimmatothepublic.BecausetheyalwaysconfusedbytheseeminglypositivequalitiesofAbutneglectthegenuinelyprofoundaspectsofB.

3.原因概述功能段

Amongcountlessfactorswhichdirectlyorindirectlyinfluence...thereareseveralconspicuousaspectsasfollows.

4.分析列举功能

A.Attheriskofsomethingtoosimplistic,itseemstomethatthemainpropositionfor...canbesummarizedinonesayingthat...

B.Anothereuallyessential/crucialfactoraccountingformypropensityto...isthat...

C.Beyondalltheseobviousreasons,howeverliesadeeperone....

5.利弊分析功能段

However,....serveasadouble-adgedsword.Inotherwords,theinferioritiesof....conexistitssuperiority.

6.例证功能段

History,isrepletewithevidencetodemostratethispoint.Anotablecaseinpionthasanassociationwith....intherealmof....

7.趋势影响分析功能段

Undoubtedly....willgiverisetoamultitudeofpositive/negativeeffectson...intheforeseeablefuture.

8.结论段

A.Weighingtheprosandconsofsuchanewtrend,wemaypredictthat...

B.FromwhatIhavediscussedabove,wemaysafelycometotheconclusionthat...

大众观点引出

1.Itisconceivablethat...

2.Itgoeswithoutsayingthat...

3.It‘sselfevidentthat...

关联、关系

1...hasanassociationwith...

2...hasahearingon...

3...iscloselyrelatedto...

主题句+拓展句123+结尾句（升华、过渡）

因果解释1现象引出2原因分析3结果分析

Currently..现象..hasloomedupwidepublicconcernwhatamazesusmostisthat..具体..Itistruethatthetrendofthisisseemlyontheriseinallwalksoflife.Wemayciteavarietyofreasonsaccountingforthis.Themajoronescanbelistedasfollows.Firstandforemost....playsapushingrole.Inaddition...Lastbutnotleast...Asaconsequence...

段落举例：

Juveniledelinquency

Nowadays.Juveniledelinquencyhasbecomeafocalpointunderdiscussion.WhatamazesusmostisthattheformsofJDvaryfromstealingrobbingtomurdering.Itistruethatthetrendofthisisontherise.Wemayciteavarietyofreasonsaccountingforthisadolescentcrimes.Firstandforemost,themassmediaplaysakeyrole.Inotherwords,childrenarefrequentlyexposedtoshowsandreportsaboutcrimeandviolence.Inaddition,childreninChinaareoftenpamperedandspoiltbytheirparents.Lastbutnotleast,today’schildrenhavetofaceamoretemptingworldthaneverbefore.Asaconsequencetheyarepronetocommitcrimes

论述体系（问题解决）：

1.描述现状2.建议措施

Withtheadvancementofmodernsociety....hasbecomeasocialproblemofpublicconcern.Meanwhile,ithasgivenrisetoaseriousofothermatters.SuchasAandB.Soitishightimeweputanimmediateendtothis“Pandora’sbox”.Itistruethatawarenessoftheproblemisthefirststeptowardthesolution.Asisknowntoall,wehavefiguredoutseveralefficaciousstepstotacklethisproblem.Inthefirstplace....Inthesecondplace....Inthethirdplace....Therefore,onlyinthiswaycanwe...

段落举例:

Incomegap

Recentlytheincomegaphasbecomeasocialproblemofpublicconcern.Meanwhile,ithasgivenrisetoseriesofothermatters.Suchasdelinquencyandviolence.Soitishightimeweputanimmediateendtothis“Pandora’sbox”.Itistruethatawarenessoftheproblemisthefirststeptowardthesolution.Inthefirstplaceweshouldappealtothegovernmenttoimprovethedistributionmechanism.Makingitnotonlytransparentbutalsoreasonableduringeconomicdevelopment.Moreemphasesshouldbeplasedontheunderprivilegedgroupofthesocietyespeciallyinthesebackwardareas.Thereforeonlyinthiswaycanwebuildamoreharmonioussocirty.

观点论证行论述体系（个人类话题通用）1.含义提示2.含义解析

Asahumanbeingonecanhardlydowithout....Livinginthesociety,noonecandenythatitis...thatenablesusto....Consequently,inthismodernsocietywhere........hasbeenragardedasanecessityfor....Astowhat....means,myopinions/definitionsareasfollows.Firstofall.....Whatreallycountsinmymindisthat....Lastly,.....

段落举例:

Perseverance

Asahumanbeingonecanhardlydowithoutperseverance.Livinginthesocietynoonecandenythatitisperseverancethatenablesustoaccomplishwondersandrealizedreams.Consequentlyinthismodernsocietywherecompetitionisbecomingincreasinglyfierce.Perseverancehasbeenregardedasanecessityforasuccessfulcareer.Astowhatperseverancemeansmyopinionareasfollows.Firstofall,perseverancemeansthedeterminationtoholdontotheend.Eveninthefaceofdifficultanddangeroussituations,whatreallycounts,inmymindisthatmanwithperseverancefirmlybelieveswhathehaschosenisrightandmeaningfulsoheismorethanhappytofightforhisidealandwillneverevergiveup.Lastlynomanwasbornwithperseverance.Onlyafterlife’scountlesschallengescanheunderstandthegenuinemeaningofperseverance.

独立写作论证方法

（一）举例1.Paragons,suchAandB,respectivelycomeimmediatelytomymind...

2.Whilesuchcasesarerare,theydooccuroccasionally.AcaseinpointralatestoSbinthefieldof...

（二）引用

1.Asasayinggoes”.....”whichistosay....

2.Accordingtoawell-knownscientist....andIparaphrase...inotherwords....

3...名言..suchisremarkof..Sb..,oneofthebest-knownscientist

（三）数据调查

AccordingtothestatisticalresultofarecentsurveyAandBhavesoaredrespectivelyby...and...IncontrastCdeclinedatanacceleratingrate,anditisalsothecasewithD.Thestatisticalresultillustratesthat....

（四）反证法withA...withoutA...

（五）类比和对比Similarity,bythesametoken....（同理可证）

Inlikemanner（同样的）likewise

Incontrast

Onthecontrary

BEGINING

一.AorB

Whenitrefersto...people’sopinionsaredivergentonsuchacontroversialissue（AorB）Itiscommonlyacceptthat...othershowever,likethenegativeattitude.Inmyopinionofview.IpreferAratherthanBasmyinclination.

二.表态类

.....?

Thediscussionofthisissueamongindividualsandinsocietyasawholehascometovogueduringthelastdecade.Thestatementdeclaresthat.....However,Idisagreewiththestatement,andthereareseveralreasonsandinstancesasfollowssupportingmyview.

三.列举式开头

Nowadays...hasloomedupwidepublicconcern.Whatamazesusmostisthat....Amongcountlessfactors,whichdirectlyorindirectlyinfluence...Thereareseveralconspiciousaspectsasfollows.

ENDING

重申立场

概述理由

Weighingtheprosandconsof..topic..Istronglycommittothenotionthat....noonlybecause...butalso...

题库183.Whenitreferstothevalueofhistory,thediscussionofthisissueamongindividualsandinsocietyasawholehascomeintovogueduringthelastdecade.Thestatementdeclaresthatlearningaboutthepasthasnovalueforthoseofuslivinginthepresent.HoweverIdisagreewiththestatementforthereasonthatmankind’sprogressisthatofconstantlybuildinguponandaddingtothepastandexistingbaseofknowledgeandexperience.

Themainreasonisthathistoryhelpsusunderstandourselves.especiallyourweakness.Inthebusinessworld,thereisonesayingthat:

”Youhavetoknowwhereyouhavebeenandwhereyouareinordertoknowwhereyouaregoing.”What’smore,Iagreewiththestatementsthatbusinesscorporationsfinditcriticaltohaveregularviewsofthepastbusinessperformance.Withoutreservationsforthereasonthateachcorporationhastoseewhatmistakesweremadeinordertoavoidrepeatingthem.Movingontowiderthemestothehigh-techindustries,onecompanyhastoexaminetheefficacyandefficiencyofdecisionsmadeinthepasttoseewhatresultswereproduced.Natuallytheylearnfromtheirpastmistakeswhichbetterpreparesthemforthefuture.Let’sbeginourdiscussionheretoamorepresentandpracticalcontext.ItcanbegivenaconcreteexamplethatMicrosofthasregularreviewsofitspastsalesandmarketinginformationintheformofquarterlyorannualreview.

AnotherequallyessentialfactorwhyIadvocatethevalueofhistoryinvolvestherealmofpoliticsandsociety.Noonecandenythatintheinternationalarena,onemustpossessathoroughknowledgeofhistoryinordertounderstandthecurrentdynamicsandcomplexrelationshipsamongcountries.Meanwhileonlythroughstudinghistorycanwegrasphowthingschange.Obviouslyitisimperativeforpoliticianstolearnfromthepast,becausethecountry’shistoryhasthegreatestimpactuponitscurrentnationalcharactoranditspeopleandleadership.Historyisrepletewithevidencetodemostratethis.AcaseinpointhasanassociationwiththeWorldWarII–theworldcommunitylearnedthegreatlessonfromWorldWarIIthattheremustnotbeanotherworldwar,thusweenteredthe40plusyearsofcoldwar.

However,weshouldconcedethatdespitethemeritsofreferringtopastmentionedabove,overextendedreferringtothehistorywillbeindeedcounterproductiveevenharmful.Theharmitproducesis,inmyview,bothpalpableandprofound.Fortheindividual,ithasdebasingimpactonpeople’soriginalityforthesocietyitmaypromoteanegativetendencytowardossification.

Weighingtheprosandconsoflearningaboutthepast,Istronglycommittothenotionthatlearningaboutthepastiscriticaltounderstandthepresentandchartingasuccessfulcourseforthefuturewhetheritbeintheworldofbusinessortheworldofinternationalrelations.

综合性写作：

READING:

topicofreadingmainpoints:

2~4

听力核心路标词

新老观点：

Earlier,Traditionally,Originally,Previously,Conventionally,Before.

Yet,But,However,Incontrast,Contrarily

Recently,Recentstudy,Newfinding,Alternative,Now,Re-examine

次序层次，紧邻原则：

Firstly,firstofall,mostofall,ontheonehand

Secondl