高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解训练3I.docx

高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解训练3I.docx

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高考英语二轮复习阅读理解训练3I

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解训练（3）（I）

阅读理解训练

CultureandCuisine

TheUnitedStatesisknownforjazzandbluejeans.ButtraveltoParisandaskyouraverageFrenchcitizenaboutAmericancuisine（烹饪）andhe'slikelytoanswer，“McDonalds.”AskthesamethingofanyAmericancitizenonanyAmericanstreetandI'mafraidyou'dgetthesameanswer,orsomethingclosetoit.

Hamburgersandhotdogsandfriesareallfine,butwithAmericanmallsandotheroutletsstandardizingeverythingfromclothingtofood,thesadtruthisthatAmericancuisineisbeingmorehomogeneous—allthesame—nomatterwhereyoulive.True,manyAmericansareeatingmorevariedfoodsthesedays,butthesearelargelythecuisinesofimmigrantgroups,andtheyarequitelikelytobeaffectedbyhomogenizationofAmericancuisine.

SowhatexactlyisAmericancuisine?

Well,tosomeextentitisareflectionofourmeltingpotculture,meaningthatEuropeansmadehugecontributionsintheformofwheat,dairyproducts,pork,beefandpoultry.ButAmericancuisinealsoincludesproductsthatoncewereknownonlytotheNewWorld,includingpotatoes,corn,pumpkin,sweetpotatoes,andpeanuts.

TheoneregionofthecountrywhereyoustillfindallthesethingsindailyuseistheDeepSouth.TheSouthlosttheCivilWar,butchildrenofthesouthernersarewinningthebattletopreserveandadvancetheircookingtraditions—andinthiscaseoneofthefewcuisinescantrulybecalledAmerican,whichiswhywe'repleasedtohaveLowCountrycuisineinthisissueoffoodcreation.That'sright,gritsandgravyarebackinabigwayincitieslikeCharlestonandSavannah.Truthis,theyneverreallyleft,butupuntiladecadeagoLowCountrycuisinewasmoremonathomethaninrestaurants.

Infact,alargenumberoftouristsnowgotothelowerAtlanticregioninordertoexperiencethisextraordinarycuisineforthemselves.TimewilltellwhetherLowCountrycuisinebeespopularinotherregionsofthecountryinthewaythat,say,Italiancuisinehas,butit'samazingandhearteningtoseeoneofourtrueculturaltreasuresenjoyingrenewedpopularityintheseincreasinglyhomogeneoustimes.

文章大意：

该文是说明文。

主要介绍关于美国饮食的变化历程。

9．Accordingtothepassage,Americancuisineimpressespeopleasbeing________.

A．dullandchangeless

B．richandvarious

C．popularanddelicious

D．disagreeableandunpleasant

答案：

A　细节理解题。

A项枯燥并无变化；B项丰富并多变的；C项受欢迎且味道鲜美的；D项不赞成且不愉快的。

根据第二段的．..thesadtruthisthatAmericancuisineisbeingmorehomogeneous—allthesame—nomatterwhereyoulive可知，美国的烹饪无变化。

故选A。

10．Itcanbeseenthatthewriterfeelsregretfulthat________.

A．cuisinesofothercountriesplayamoreimportantroleinAmerica

B．Americancuisinehasbeeincreasinglylackinginvariety

C．Americancuisinetendstovarybecauseofimmigration

D．Americancuisineisbeingchangedbyforeigncuisines

答案：

B　推理判断题。

通读全文，文中多次出现“homogeneous...homogenization...”说明Americancuisine正在模式化，统一化，甚至同化了一些外来的饮食。

故选B。

11．Fromthepassage,weknowthatgritsandgravy________.

A．werecookedwithnewmaterialsaftertheCivilWar

B．aregainingpopularityinthesouthofAmerica

C．weremorepopularovertenyearsago

D．areseldomservedinrestaurants

答案：

B　推理判断题。

根据文章第四段的“gritsandgravyarebackinabigwayincities...”说明Americancuisine流行起来了。

从后文的“timewilltell...inotherregions”能看出来这种流行现在还局限在南方。

故选B。

12．What'sthewriter'sattitudetowardstherenewalofLowCountrycuisineinAmerica?

A．Concernedandcautious.B．Hopelessanddoubtful.

C．Positiveandsupportive.D．Criticalanddisapproving.

答案：

C　细节理解题。

Concernedandcautious担心的和认真的；Hopelessanddoubtful无希望的并怀疑的；Positiveandsupportive积极并支持的；Criticalanddisapproving批评和否定的。

通读全文，并根据文章的最后一句话it'samazingandhearteningtoseeoneofour...说明作者的是积极并支持的。

所以选C。

【江苏省苏锡常镇四市xx模拟调研】C

Theclosestknownrelativeoftheancestorsoflimbed（肢体）animalssuchashumansmayhaveevolvedthefoundationforbacklegsevenbeforethemovetoland,researcherssay.Thisancestormayhaveevenbeenabletowalkunderwater,theyadd.

Thesefindingsrevealthatakeystepintheevolutionofbacklimbshappenedinfish,

challengingprevioustheoriesthatsuchappendages（附肢）evolvedonlyafterthemovetoland.

Scientistsinvestigatedfossils（化石）ofa375-million-year-oldfishknownasTiktaalik,

discoveredin2004innorthernCanada'sEllesmereIsland.Possessingabroadflatheadand

sharpteeth,Tiktaalikresembledacrossbetweenafishandacrocodile,growingtoalengthof9feet（2.7meters）asithuntedforitsfoodinshallowfreshwater.

Thisancientcreaturewasundoubtedlyafish.However,italsohadfeaturesseeninmoderntetrapods（四足动物）．

Thisancientfishhadlargeforefinsandshoulders,elbowsandpartialwrists,enablingittosupportitselfonground.Thismakesitthebest-knownexampleofalinkbetweenfinned（鳍）animalsandlimbedanimalsmarkingtheevolutionarychangefromwatertolandforcreatureswithbackbones.

Previousanalysesofotherfossilsdatingfromthewater-landchangefoundtheirback

appendagesweresmallandweakparedwiththeirfrontappendages.Thissuggestedthe

earliestancestorsoftetrapodsperhapshada"front-wheeldrive"formofmovementthat

dependedmoreontheirfrontlimbs,andthata"four-wheeldrive"formofmovementwithstronghipsandbacklimbsonlydevelopedaftertetrapodsevolved.

Untilnow,theonlyfossilsofTiktaalikresearchershadexaminedwereofitsfrontparts.Tofindoutmoreaboutthefish,researchersinvestigatedadditionalblocksofrockrecoveredfromthedigsitewhereTiktaalikwasdiscovered.Althoughsomeoftheseblockswerefirstdugin2004,researchersdidnotlookatthemmorecloselyuntilrecently,mainlybecausetheblocksdidnotseemtocontainmuchbone.Moreover,ittookyearstocarefullyandproperlyremovetherocksurroundingthefragilefossils.

ThescientistsdiscoveredthebackpartofTiktaalik．Thismadeadirectparisonofthefrontandbackappendagesoftheanimalpossible.Unexpectedly,theresearchersfoundTiktaalikhadbig,strongpelvic（胃盆）boneswithsimilaritiestoearlytetrapods.

"Iwasexpectingtofindadiminutivebackfinandpelvis,"studyleadauthorNeilShubin,apaleontologistattheUniversityofChicago,toldLiveScience."Seeingthehugepelvissetmebackabit-Ilookedatitagainandagain,becauseIwasquitesurprised."

ShubincautionedthatTiktaalikisnottheancestorofalllimbedvertebrates.Itiscurrentlytheclosestknownrelative,"butnottheonly,directancestor,"hesaid."Itismorelikeourclosestcousin."

63．Accordingtothepassage,previousfindingsshowthat＿．

A.theevolutionofbacklimbshappenedunderthewater

B.theancestorsoflimbedanimalscouldwalkunderwater

C.thebacklegsoflimbedanimalsevolvedafterthetransitiontolivingonland

D.tetrapodshada"four-wheeldrive"formofmovementbeforetheyevolved

64.ScientiststhinkthefindingsofTiktaalikaresignificantbecause＿．

A.Tiktaalikistheearliestfishlivingontheearth

B.Tiktaalikfillsagapbetweenfishandlimbedanimals

C.Tiktaalikistheonlyclosestknownrelativeoflimbedanimals

D.Tiktaalikgivesthemachancetoparethefrontandbacklimbs

65．Whydidn'ttheresearchersexaminethefossilsofthebackpartofTiktaalikmanyyearsago?

A.BecausetheblockscontainedtoomuchboneofTiktaalik.

B．BecauseTiktaalikisnottheancestorofalllimbedanimals.

C.Becausetheresearchoffossilsisaslowandtime-consumingprocess.

D.BecausethefossilswerediscoveredinnorthernCanada'sEllesmereIsland.

66.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"diminutive"inParagraph8mean?

A.Unique.B.plete.C.Flexible.D.Small.

【参考答案】63—65、CBC66、D

【江苏省苏锡常镇四市xx模拟调研】D

InmanyAmericanschoolstheholidaycelebratingDr.MartinLutherKingJr.'sbirthdayisusedasanopportunitytoteachchildrenabouthislifeandlegacy.Butintoomanyofthosesameschools,Blackchildren'sextraordinarytalentsarestillbeingwastedtoday.Nearlythree-quartersofBlackfourthandeighthgradepublicschoolstudentscannotreadorputeatgradelevel.

Blackstudentsmadeuponly18percentofstudentsinpublicschoolsinxxbutwere40percentofstudentswhoreceivedoneormoreout-of-schoolsuspensions（暂被停学）．ABlack

publicschoolstudentissuspendedeveryfourseconds.Blackstudentsaremorethantwiceas

likelytodropoutofschoolasWhitestudents.Eachschoolday763Blackhighschoolstudentsdropout.

SoIapplaudtheU．S.DepartmentsofEducationandJusticefortheirrecentactionto

addressharmfulschooldisciplinepoliciesthatpushsomanythousandsofblackchildrenoutofschooleachyearandintothejuvenile（青少年）justiceandadultprisonpipeline.Iftheeducationsystemistodoitspartinreplacingitwithacradletocollege,careerandsuccesspipeline,wemustendthecurrentpracticewherechildreninthegreatestneedaresuspendedfromschoolmostlyfornonviolentoffenses.

Theseresources,officiallyknownas"guidance,"willhelpschoolsanddistrictsmeettheirlegalresponsibilitytoprotectstudentsfromdiscriminationonthebasisofrace,colorornationaloriginasrequiredunderTitleVIoftheCivilRightsActof1964.Aswerecognizethe50thanniversaryoftheCivilRightsActof1964andsomanyotherimportanthard-wonvictoriesintheCivilRightsMovementthisyear,wemustrememberthosevictoriescouldbelostwithoutmeaningfulenforcementofthelawsadvocatesfoughtsohardtowinhalfacenturyago.

Whiletheguidancedoesnotprohibitschoolsordistrictsfromusinganyparticular

nondiscriminatorypolicy,itdoescallintoquestionsomepoliciesthathavehistoricallyexcluded

Blackstudentsandareofquestionableeducationalvalueincluding"zerotolerance"discipline