宾语从句讲解和习题.docx

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宾语从句讲解和习题.docx

宾语从句讲解和习题

【名师精讲】

一.宾语从句的种类

宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或

形容词的宾语。

根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。

1.由that引导的宾语从句。

That只有语法作用,无实在意义,可省。

Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.

2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。

这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。

例如:

Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?

CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?

Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.

3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。

If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。

例如:

Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.

二.宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。

例如:

Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?

三.宾语从句的时态

1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。

如:

Idon’tthink(that)youareright.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?

2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。

例如:

Heaskedwhattimeitwas.

Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.

HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.

3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时。

例如:

OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.

Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.

【中考范例】

1.MissGreendidn’ttellus_______in2002.(2004年北京市中考试题)

A.wheredoessheliveB.WhereshelivesC.wheredidsheliveD.whereshelived

【解析】答案:

D。

该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。

宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态,所以应选D。

2.Wouldyoupleasetellme________?

(2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题)

A.whendidhecomehomeB.wherehewouldplayfootball

C.ifhehadseenthefilmD.whyhedidn’twatchthegame

【解析】答案:

D。

该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。

主句用的实际上是现在时,宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。

一.单项填空

1.Doyouknow________Icouldpasstheexam?

A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which

2.Jimdoesn’tunderstand____________.

A.whichisthewaytothemuseumB.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshopping

C.whatisthewaytothemuseumD.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping

3.---Couldyoutellme______sheislookingfor?

A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which

4.Mr.Kingdidn’tknow_______yesterdayevening.

A.whendoeshissoncomehomeB.whenhissoncomeshome

C.whendidhissoncomehomeD.whenhissoncamehome

5.Couldyoutellme_______thebikethismorning?

A.howdoeshemendB.howhemends

C.howhemendedD.howdidhemend

6.---I’mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknow________itwillarrive?

---Usuallyitcomesby4:

00.

A.howB.whereC.whenD.what

7.---Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme________?

---Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.It’snexttoahospital.

A.howwecangettothepostofficeB.howcanwegettothepostoffice

C.howgettothepostofficeD.howcouldwegettothepostoffice

8.---CanIhelpyou?

---Yes.I’dlikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoutellme______taketogetthere?

A.howsoonwillitB.howsoonitwill

C.howlongitwillD.howlongwillit

9.Hewantedtoknow___________.

A.whetherhespeaksatthemeetingB.whenthemeetingwouldstart

C.whathe’sgoingtodoatthemeetingD.wherewouldthemeetingbeheld

10.---Couldyoutellme_________theBambooGarden?

---Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.

A.whenwillyouvisitB.whenyouwillvisit

C.whenwouldyouvisitD.whenyouwouldvisit

11.Wouldyoupleasetellme_________next,MrWang?

A.whatshouldwedoB.weshoulddowhat

C.whatweshoulddoD.shouldwedowhat

12.Youcan’timagine_________whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.

A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere

C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited

13.Iwanttoknow________youwillcomebackat8:

00tomorrow.

A.thatB.whenC.whereD.whether

14.---Couldyoutellme____________?

---Sorry,Idon’tknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting.

A.whatdoeshesayatthemeetingB.whatdidhesayatthemeeting

C.whathesaysatthemeetingD.whathesaidatthemeeting

15.---Couldyoutellme_________lastnight?

---Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome.

A.whatyouweredoingB.whatwereyoudoing

C.whatyouaredoingD.whatareyoudoing

16.Theteacheraskedthestudents__________.

A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaursB.whenwasAlbertEinsteinborn

C.whattheywilldowiththecomputersD.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted

17.Everymorningthepatientsareaskedif________theirtemperaturetaken.

A.theyhadhadB.havetheyhadC.theyhavehadD.hadtheyhad

18.It’suptoyoutodecide_______you’llgothere,byairorbyroad.

A.howB.whyC.thatD.when

二.根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子

1.李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。

LiMingsays______________interestedinplayingcomputergames.

2.我认为玛丽不回来了。

Idon’tthinkMary____________.

3.山姆给我说他准备去上海。

Samtoldmethathe______________forShanghai.

4.请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗?

Couldyoutellme_______IcangettotheBellTower?

5.父亲说他买了一台新电脑。

Fathersaidthathe________________anewcomputer..

6.Doyouknow___________?

(谁正在唱歌)

7.Doyouknow___________?

(她正在和谁谈话)

8.Doyouknow___________?

(昨天发生了什么事)

1.在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语。

eg,Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(动词宾语)

HeaskshimhowlongMikehasbeendown.(动词宾语)

MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介词宾语)

2.宾语从句的引导词有三类:

(1) 以that引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句,that可以省略。

eg,Theradiosays(that)thecloudswillliftlateron.

Shetoldme(that)shewouldliketogowithus.

(2) 以连接代词which,what,who等或连接副词how,where,why等引导的宾语从句,从句是陈述语序

eg,Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematterwithu?

Iwanttoknowhowsoonitwillbegin.

(3) 以whether或if引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句,从句同样是陈述语序eg,Iwonderif/whetheruhavetoldthenewtoLiLei.

3.宾语从句的时态

(1) 当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时,从句可用所需要的任何时态。

eg,Iwanttoknowwhattimehegotupthismorning.

Youaretellingmethatyouwon'tstopuntiltomorrow?

(2) 当主句为一般过去时态时,从句要用于过去有关的时态。

eg,TheyaskedwhatJeanwasdoingnow.

Lindasaidthatthetrainhadleft.

(3) 当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时,宾语从句要使用一般现在时。

eg,Lisaaskedwhetherlighttravelsfasterthansound.

Pollysaidnonewsisagoodnews

注意:

一般情况下,whether和if可以互用,但有些情况例外。

1. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether不用if

eg,Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepinic.

2. 引导词与动词不定式或not连用时,只用whether.

eg,Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext.Couldyoutellmewhetheryougoornot?

例题解析,举一反三

1. Theteacheraskedthestudents________.

A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaurs     B.whenwasAlbertEinsteinborn

C.whattheywilldowiththecomputers   D.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted

解析:

宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序,答案B首先删去,主句一般过去式,从句要用于过去有关的时态,删去答案C和D,答案A中的if意为如果.应选A

2. Couldyoutellme_______?

A. whatthematteriswithyou   B.whatwasthematterwithyou

C.hat'sthematterwithyou    D.what'sthewrongwithyou.

解析:

what是从句主语,what'sthematterwithyou本身就是陈述语序,因此删掉A;主句可看作是委婉的请求,是一般过去式,可删去答案B;wrong前不加the,因此此题选C.

3.Heaskedme_______Icouldsingthesong"MyHeartwillGoOn."

A.if    B.weather  C.what     D.that

解析:

此句应选含疑问意思的关系代词,故删去D;weather意为天气,根据句意应选A.

4.Ourteachertoldusthatthemoon_________roundtheearth.

A.went       B.turned     C.go       D.turns

解析:

从句是一个客观真理,因此从句的时态不受主句影响。

应选D

5.Itmakesnodifference__________.

A. whetherwillyoucometomorrow.B. Whetherornotwillbepasstheexam

C. IfhewillcometothemeetingornotD. Whetherhewillcometothemeetingornot

解析:

答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉,if不能与not连用。

因此此题选D

6.Theydon'tknow_______theirparentsare.

A.that     B.what   C.why    D.which

解析:

what表示职业,因此选B.

7.Iamsure_______yousaidistrue.

A.what   B.that   C.which    D.who 

解析:

根据句意应用what,做said的内容,你所说的话。

应选A.

8.Theoldmantoldus_______and________.

A.todowhat,todohow      B.whattodoit,howtodoit

C.whattodo,howtodoit     D.whattodo,howtodo

解析:

疑问词what即连接不定式,又做do的宾语;而在how引导的不定式短语中,how表示方式,do为及物动词,因此需接宾语才正确。

应选C

练习与巩固:

1.---DoyouknowwhentheWorldCup________nextweek?

---NextFriday.Whenit ________,Iwillringyou.

A.begins,begins   B.begins,willbegin   C.willbegin,willbegin  D.willbegin,begins

2.---Todayortomorrow?

---Whatareyoutalkingabout?

---Wearetalkingabout_______togiveatalkonWTO.

A.how       B.where        C.when        D.what

3.Iwonder_________.

A.wheredoeshelive         B.whereheliveC.heliveswhere           D.wherehelives

4.---Areyou sureyouhaveto?

It'sbeenverylate.

---Idon'tknow_____Icandoitifnotnow.

A.where      B.why         C.when          D.how

5.---Wouldyoupleasetellme_________?

 

---InasmallvillagenearNiingbo.

A.wherewasyourmotherborn           B.whereyourmotherwasborn

C.whenwasyourmotherborn            D.whenyourmotherwasborn

6.Thephotographwillshowyou________.

A.whatdoesourvillagelooklike          B.whatourvillagelookslike

C.howdoesourvillagelooklike          D.howourvillagelookslike

7.---Canyouguessifthey_______toplaybasketballwithus?

---Ithinkthey'llcomeifthey_________free.

A.willcome,willbe     B.willcome,are         C.come,are    D.come,willbe

8.---Wheredoeshecomefrom?

---Pardon?

---Iaskedwhere_________.

A.didhecomefrom    B.hecamefrom     C.hecomesfrom    D.doeshecomefrom

9.Shewondered__________.

A.howmuchhecostthecomputer              B.howmuchhepaidforthecomputer

C.howmuchthecomputerwillcosthim         D.howmuchdidhespendonthecomputer

10.---Doyouknow________?

---I'mnotsure.Maybeheisa businessman.

A. whoheis         B.whoishe      C.whathedoes      D.whatdoeshedo

 

一,引导词

  A,由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后。

连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略,但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好,特别是在笔语中。

  例:

Itoldhimthathewaswrong.

  l在

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