高一英语阅读理解科普环保试题经典.docx

高一英语阅读理解科普环保试题经典.docx

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高一英语阅读理解科普环保试题经典

高一英语阅读理解（科普环保）试题经典

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   AgainstthesuppositionthatforestfiresinAlaska,CanadaandSiberiawarmtheclimate,scientistshavediscoveredthatcoolingmayoccurinareaswhereburnttreesallowmoresnowtomirrormoresunlightintospace.

   Thisfindingsuggeststhattakingstepstopreventnorthernforesttolimitthereleaseofgreenhousegasesmaywarmtheclimateinnorthernregions.Usuallylargefiresdestroyedforestsintheseareasoverthepastdecade.Scientistspredictthatwithclimatewarming,firesmayoccurmorefrequentlyovernextseveralcenturiesasaresultofalongerfireseason.Sunlighttakeninbytheearthtendstocausewarming,whileheatmirroredbackintospacetendstocausecooling.

   Thisisthefirststudytoanalyzeallaspectsofhownorthernfiresinfluenceclimate.Earlierstudiesbyotherscientistshavesuggestedthatfireinnorthernregionsspeedupclimatewarmingbecausegreenhousegasesfromburningtreesandplantsarereleasedintotheatmosphereandthustrapheat.

   Scientistsfoundthatrightafterthefire,largeamountsofgreenhousegasesenteredtheatmosphereandcausedwarming.Ozone（臭氧）levelsincreased,andashfromthefirefellonfar-offseaice,darkeningthesurfaceandcausingmoreradiationfromthesuntobetakenin.Thefollowingspring,however,thelandwithintheareaofthefirewasbrighterthanbeforethefire,becausefewertreescoveredtheground.Snowonthegroundmirroredmoresunlightbackintospace,leadingtocooling.

   "Weneedtofindoutallpossiblewaystoreducethegrowthofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere."Scientiststrackedthechangeinamountofradiationenteringandleavingtheclimatesystemasaresultofthefire,andfoundameasurementcloselyrelatedtotheglobalairtemperature.Typically,fireinnorthernregionsoccursinthesameareaevery80to150years.Scientists,however,foundthatwhenfireoccursmorefrequently,moreradiationislostfromtheearthandcoolingresults.Specifically,theydeterminedwhenfirereturns20yearsearlierthanpredicated,0.5wattspersquaremeterofareaburnedaresoakedupbytheearthfromgreenhousegases,but0.9wattspersquaremeterwillbesentbackintospace.Theneteffectiscooling.Wattsareusedtomeasuretherateatwhichenergyisgainedorlostfromtheearth.

（1）Accordingtothenewfindings,takingstepstopreventnorthernforestfiresmay________.

A. resultinawarmingclimate                        

B. causetheforestfirestooccurmorefrequently

C. leadtoalongerfireseason                        

D. protecttheforestsandtheenvironmentthere

（2）ThefollowingarealltheimmediateeffectsafteraforestfireEXCEPT________.

A. largeamountsofgreenhousegasesentertheatmosphere

B. thelevelsofozonewhichisatypeofoxygenincrease

C. snowonthegroundmirrorsmoresunlightbackintospace

D. ashesfromthefirefallontheicesurfaceandtakeinmoreradiationfromthesun

（3）Earlierstudiesaboutnorthernforestfires________.

A. analyzeallaspectsofhownorthernfiresinfluenceclimate

B. indicatethatforestfireswillpollutetheatmosphere

C. suggestthatpeopleshouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment

D. suggestthatthefireswillspeedupclimatewarming

（4）Theunderlinedphrase"soakup"inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans________.

A. released                          

B. absorbed                          

C. created                          

D. distributed

（5）FromthepassagewecandrawaconclusionthatforestfiresinAlaska,CanadaandSiberiamay________.

A. warmtheclimateasthesuppositiongoes

B. allowmoresnowtoreflectmoresunlightintospaceandthuscooltheclimate

C. destroylargeareasofforestsandpollutethefar-offseaice

D. helptogainmoreenergyratherthanreleasemoreenergy

【答案】

（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

（4）B

（5）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了阿拉斯加、加拿大和西伯利亚的森林大火使气候变暖，科学家们已经发现，在燃烧的树木允许更多的雪将更多的阳光反射到太空的地区可能会发生冷却。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Thisfindingsuggeststhattakingstepstopreventnorthernforestfirestolimitthereleaseofgreenhousegasesmaywarmtheclimateinnorthernregions”这样的措施最终导致了北部地区的气候变暖。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Thefollowingspring,however,thelandwithintheareaofthefirewasbrighterthanbeforethefire,becausefewertreescoveredtheground.Snowonthegroundmirroredmoresunlightbackintospace,leadingtocooling.”可知地上的雪反射阳光这是大火的间接的影响，是在第二年春天的时候发生的事情，并不是immediateeffects。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Earlierstudiesbyotherscientistshavesuggestedthatfireinnorthernregionsspeedupclimatewarmingbecausegreenhousegasesfromburningtreesandplantsarereleasedintotheatmosphereandthustrapheat.”可知早期关于北方森林火灾的研究建议大火将加速气候变暖，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的““0.5wattspersquaremeterofareaburnedaresoakedupbytheearthfromgreenhousegases,but0.9wattspersquaremeterwillbesentbackintospace.”可知该词与sendback该词相反的意思，故应该指吸收，因为sendback指反射。

故选B。

（5）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“scientistshavediscoveredthatcoolingmayoccurinareaswhereburnttreesallowmoresnowtomirrormoresunlightintospace.”可知从这个研究中得到的结论是B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   WhenAndrewKaplanrecalls,hisstoriesleavetheimpressionthathehasmanagedtopackmultiplelivesintoasingleexistence:

Awarreporterinhis20s.anarmymember,asuccessfulbusinessmanand-later.theauthorofnumerousspynovelsandHollywoodscripts.

   Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome"AndyBot"---avirtualpersonwhowillbe:

immortalized（TF5）inthecloudforhundreds,perhapsthousandsofyears

   Ifallgoesaccordingtoplanfuturegenerationswillbeabletointeractwithhimusingvoicecomputingplatformsofmobiledevices,askinghimquestions,lettinghimtellstoriesanddrawinguponalifetime'sworthofadvicelongafterhisphysicalbodyisgone.

   Someday,Kaplan,whoplayfullyreferstohimselfasapig,mayberememberedasoneoftheworld'sfirstdigitalhumans.

   Fordecades,SiliconValleyfuturistshavesoughttofreehumanityfromthelifecycle.Today,anewgenerationofcompaniesissellingsomeapproximation（近似）ofvirtualimmortality,whichgivespeopletheopportunitytopreserveone'slegacy（遗产）onlineforever.

   Kaplaniseagertobecomeoneoftheworld'sfirstvirtualresidents,partlybecauseheconsiderstheeffortawaytoextendclosedfamilybondsovermultiplegenerations.

   Iftechnologysucceedsincreatingemotionallyintelligentdigitalhumans,expertssay,itmayforeverchangethewaylivingpeoplecooperatewithcomputersandexperienceloss."AndyBot"maybecomeoneoftheworld'sfirst:

meaningfulexamples,raisingcomplexphilosophicalquestionsaboutthenatureofimmortalityandthepurposeofexistenceitself.

（1）Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?

A.TohighlightKaplan'sachievements.

B.Tointroducethetopic--AndyBot.

C.ToarousereadersinterestinKaplan.

D.TointroduceKaplan'slife.

（2）WhydidAndrewKaplanagreetobecomeAndyBot?

A.Hewantedtosharehislifeexperienceaslongaspossible.

B.Hewantedtomakehislovedonerememberhim.

C.Hebelievedthisactionwillhelpwithhisnovels.

D.Hecouldliveinthecloudtocontinuehislife.

（3）WhatmighttheAndyBotdoforfuturegenerations?

A.Hemayusevoicecomputingplatforms.

B.Hemayuseanewbodytogoonliving.

C.Hemayoffersomeguidance.

D.Hemayaskthemquestions.

（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Philosophicalproblemscanbeworkedoutbymodernscience.

B.Peoplecantalkwiththeirlatefamilymembersfreely.

C.Scientistshavemadegreatprogressincomputerscience.

D.Thereisstillalongwayfordigitalhumanstogo.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科技新动态----数字人。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段可知，当安德鲁·卡普兰回忆往昔的时候，他的故事让人感觉他活出了各种各样的人生：

20多岁的时候是战地记者，还是一名军人，一位成功的商人，随后又是很多间谍小说和好莱坞剧本的作者。

主要介绍安德鲁·卡普兰丰富多彩的人生；在根据第二段中的“Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome“AndyBot”---avirtualpersonwhowillbe”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。

Kaplan同意变成数字人，可知，第一段的内容主要是引出下文中文章的话题数字人。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome‘AndyBot’...avirtualpersonwhowillbe”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。

Kaplan同意变成数字人，可知，卡普兰同意变成数字人是为了能更长时间的分享自己的这些故事。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Ifallgoesaccordingtoplan.futuregenerationswillbeabletointeractwithhimusingvoicecomputingplatformsofmobiledevices,askinghimquestions,lettinghimtellstoriesanddrawinguponalifetime'sworthofadvicelongafterhisphysicalbodyisgone.”如果一切按计划进行，后代可以通过移动端的语音平台和他交流，即使他的肉体不存在后，还可以问他问题，让他讲故事以及咨询他一生经验的宝贵建议。

可知卡普兰成为“数字人”后，他的后代仍能得到他一生经验的宝贵建议。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Iftechnologysucceedsincreatingemotionallyintelligentdigitalhumans,expertssay,itmayforeverchangethewaylivingpeoplecooperatewithcomputersandexperienceloss.”可知，专家们说，如果科技成功地创造出高情商的数字人类，它可能会永远改变人类与电脑交互的方式，以及处理失去亲人创伤的方式，即目前的数字人类还无法拥有高情商，还是不够完美的，因此数字人技术还有很长的路要走。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Ithasbeendiscoveredthataftertheageofsixteen,thenumberofourbraincellsbeginstodecreaseataspeedofseveralmillionayear.Theysimplydieoff.Incertaintypesofactivity,thehumanbrainisatitshighestpointinthe