高一英语阅读理解科普环保试题经典.docx

1、高一英语阅读理解科普环保试题经典高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题经典一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into sp

2、ace. This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more fre

3、quently over next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling. This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other

4、 scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat. Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and cause

5、d warming. Ozone (臭氧) levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the

6、ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling. We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Scientists tracked the change in amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fir

7、e, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they

8、 determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicated, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is ga

9、ined or lost from the earth.（1）According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may _. A.result in a warming climateB.cause the forest fires to occur more frequentlyC.lead to a longer fire seasonD.protect the forests and the environment there（2）The following are all the i

10、mmediate effects after a forest fire EXCEPT _. A.large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphereB.the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increaseC.snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into spaceD.ashes from the fire fall on the ice surface and take in more radiation from the s

11、un（3）Earlier studies about northern forest fires _. A.analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climateB.indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphereC.suggest that people should take measures to protect the environmentD.suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming（4）The u

12、nderlined phrase soak up in the last paragraph most probably means _. A.releasedB.absorbedC.createdD.distributed（5）From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may _. A.warm the climate as the supposition goesB.allow more snow to reflect more sunlight int

13、o space and thus cool the climateC.destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea iceD.help to gain more energy rather than release more energy【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）D（4）B（5）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了阿拉斯加、加拿大和西伯利亚的森林大火使气候变暖，科学家们已经发现，在燃烧的树木允许更多的雪将更多的阳光反射到太空的地区可能会发生冷却。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“This finding

14、suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest fires to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions”这样的措施最终导致了北部地区的气候变暖。故选A。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewe

15、r trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling.”可知地上的雪反射阳光这是大火的间接的影响，是在第二年春天的时候发生的事情，并不是immediate effects。故选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming becaus

16、e greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.”可知早期关于北方森林火灾的研究建议大火将加速气候变暖，故选D。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into s

17、pace.”可知该词与send back该词相反的意思，故应该指吸收，因为send back指反射。故选B。 （5）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.”可知从这个研究中得到的结论是B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 When

18、 Andrew Kaplan recalls, his stories leave the impression that he has managed to pack multiple lives into a single existence: A war reporter in his 20s. an army member, a successful businessman and- later. the author of numerous spy novels and Hollywood scripts. Now the silver haired 78-year old has

19、realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become AndyBot- a virtual person who will be: immortalized(T F5)in the cloud for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years If all goes according to plan future genera

20、tions will be able to interact with him using voice computing platforms of mobile devices, asking him questions, letting him tell stories and drawing upon a lifetimes worth of advice long after his physical body is gone. Someday, Kaplan, who playfully refers to himself as a pig, may be remembered as

21、 one of the worlds first digital humans. For decades, Silicon Valley futurists have sought to free humanity from the life cycle. Today, a new generation of companies is selling some approximation(近似) of virtual immortality, which gives people the opportunity to preserve ones legacy(遗产) online foreve

22、r. Kaplan is eager to become one of the worlds first virtual residents, partly because he considers the effort a way to extend closed family bonds over multiple generations. If technology succeeds in creating emotionally intelligent digital humans, experts say, it may forever change the way living p

23、eople cooperate with computers and experience loss. AndyBot may become one of the worlds first: meaningful examples, raising complex philosophical questions about the nature of immortality and the purpose of existence itself.（1）What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A.To highlight Kaplans achie

24、vements.B.To introduce the topic- -AndyBot.C.To arouse readers interest in Kaplan.D.To introduce Kaplans life.（2）Why did Andrew Kaplan agree to become AndyBot? A.He wanted to share his life experience as long as possible.B.He wanted to make his loved one remember him.C.He believed this action will h

25、elp with his novels.D.He could live in the cloud to continue his life.（3）What might the AndyBot do for future generations? A.He may use voice computing platforms.B.He may use a new body to go on living.C.He may offer some guidance.D.He may ask them questions.（4）What can we infer from the last paragr

26、aph? A.Philosophical problems can be worked out by modern science.B.People can talk with their late family members freely.C.Scientists have made great progress in computer science.D.There is still a long way for digital humans to go.【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科技新动态-数字人。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一

27、段可知，当安德鲁卡普兰回忆往昔的时候，他的故事让人感觉他活出了各种各样的人生：20多岁的时候是战地记者，还是一名军人，一位成功的商人，随后又是很多间谍小说和好莱坞剧本的作者。主要介绍安德鲁卡普兰丰富多彩的人生；在根据第二段中的“Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become “A

28、ndyBot”- a virtual person who will be”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。Kaplan同意变成数字人 ，可知，第一段的内容主要是引出下文中文章的话题数字人。故选B。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share th

29、em. Kaplan has agreed to become AndyBot.a virtual person who will be”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。Kaplan同意变成数字人，可知，卡普兰同意变成数字人是为了能更长时间的分享自己的这些故事。故选A。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“If all goes according to plan. future generations will be able to interact with him using voice computing platforms

30、of mobile devices, asking him questions, letting him tell stories and drawing upon a lifetimes worth of advice long after his physical body is gone. ”如果一切按计划进行，后代可以通过移动端的语音平台和他交流，即使他的肉体不存在后，还可以问他问题，让他讲故事以及咨询他一生经验的宝贵建议。可知卡普兰成为“数字人”后，他的后代仍能得到他一生经验的宝贵建议。故选C。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“If technology succeeds in

31、 creating emotionally intelligent digital humans, experts say, it may forever change the way living people cooperate with computers and experience loss.”可知，专家们说，如果科技成功地创造出高情商的数字人类，它可能会永远改变人类与电脑交互的方式，以及处理失去亲人创伤的方式，即目前的数字人类还无法拥有高情商，还是不够完美的，因此数字人技术还有很长的路要走。故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 It has been discovered that after the age of sixteen, the number of our brain cells begins to decrease at a speed of several million a year. They simply die off. In certain types of activity, the human brain is at its highest point in the