月英语四六级阅读理解答案.docx

月英语四六级阅读理解答案.docx

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月英语四六级阅读理解答案

四级第二套

　SectionC

PassageOne

　Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareintheworkforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofadeepeningdividebetweenthewell-educatedwell-offandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.Theconsequences,forindividualsandsociety,areprofound.

Theworldisfacinganastonishingriseintheofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600millionto1.1billion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity（长寿）translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.

Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilled.Employmentratesarefailingamongyoungerunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.ThedivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers（二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人）areputtingoffretirementwhilemanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehaveabandonedpoliciesthatusedXtoretireearly.Risinglifeexpectancy（预期生命）,combinedwiththereplace-Xpensionplanswithlessgenerousdefined-contributionones,meansthateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthehighlyeducated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyaremoreproductivethattheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchargemaywellreinforcethatshift;theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknowhowtocreativity,donotnecessarilydeclinewithage.

57.Whatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries

　A.Youngerpeoplearereplacingtheelderly.

B.Well-educatedpeopletendtoworklonger.

C.Unemploymentratesarerisingyearafteryear.

D.Peoplewithnocollagedegreedonoteasilyfindwork.

【答案】B

　58.Whathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandthepoor

A.Longerlifeexpectancies.

B.Arapidtechnologicaladvance.

C.Profoundchangesintheworkforce.

D.Agrowingnumberofthewell-educated.

【答案】B

　59.Whatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceoftheexperienceofthe20thcentury

A.Economicgrowthwillslowdown.

B.Governmentbudgetswillincrease.

C.Morepeoplewilltrytopursuehighereducation.

D.Therewillbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.

【答案】A

　60.WhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountries

A.Unskilledworkersmaychoosetoretireearly.

B.Morepeoplehavetoreceivein-servicetraining.

C.Evenwealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement.

D.Peoplemaybeabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrompensionplans.

【答案】C

61.Whatischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcentury

A.Computerswilldomorecomplicatedwork.

B.Morewillbetheeducatedyoung.

　C.Mostjobstobedonewillbecreativeones.

D.Skillsarehighlyvaluedregardlessofage.

【答案】D

　PassageTwo

Questions62to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　Someoftheworld'smostsignsignificantproblemshitheadlines.Oneexamplecomesfromagriculture.Foodriotsandhungermakenews.Butthetrendlyingbehindthesemattersisrarelytalkedabout.Thisisthedeclineinthegrowthinyieldsofsomeoftheworld'smajorcrops.AnewstudybytheUniversityofMinnesotaandMcGillUniversityinMontreallooksatwhere,andhowfar,thisdeclineisoccurring.

　Theauthorstakeavastnumberofdatapointsforthefourmostimportantcrops:

rice,wheat,cornandsoyabeans（大豆）.Theyfindthatonbetween24%and39%ofallharvestedareas,theimprovementinyieldsthattookplacebeforethe1980ssloweddowninthe1990sand2000s.

　Therearetwoworryingfeaturesoftheslowdown.Oneisthatithasbeenparticularlysharpintheworld'smostpopulous（人口多的）countries,IndiaandChina.Theirabilitytofeedthemselveshasbeenanimportantsourceofrelativestabilitybothwithinthecountriesandonworldfoodmarkets.Thatself-sufficiencycannotbetakenforgrantedifyieldscontinuetoslowdownorreverse.

　Second,yieldgrowthhasbeenlowerinwheatandricethanincornandsoyabeans.Thisisproblematicbecausewheatandricearemoreimportantasfoods,accountingforaroundhalfofallcaloriesconsumed.Cornandsoyabeansaremoreimportantasfeedgrains.Theauthorsnotethat"wehavepreferentiallyfocusedourcropimprovementeffortsonfeedinganimalsandcarsratherthanoncropsthatfeedpeopleandarethebasisoffoodsecurityinmuchoftheworld."

　Thereportqualifiesthemoreoptimisticfindingsofanothernewpaperwhichsuggeststhattheworldwillnothavetodigupalotmorelandforfarminginordertofeed9billionpeoplein2050,astheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationhasargued.

　Instead,itsays,thankstoslowingpopulationgrowth,landcurrentlyploughedupforcropsmightbeabletorevert（回返）toforestorwilderness.Thiscouldhappen.Thetroubleisthattheforecastassumescontinuedimprovementsinyields,whichmaynotactuallyhappen.

　62.Whatdoestheauthortrytodrawattentionto

　　A.Foodriotsandhungerintheworld.

　　B.Thedeclineofthegrainyieldgrowth.

　C.Newsheadlinesintheleadingmedia.

　　D.Thefoodsupplyinpopulouscountries.

　　【答案】B

　　63.WhydoestheauthormentionIndiaandChinainparticular

　A.Theirself-sufficiencyisvitaltothestabilityofworldfoodmarkets.

　　B.Theirfoodyieldshavebeguntodecreasesharplyinrecentyears.

　　C.Theirbigpopulationsarecausingworldwideconcerns.

　　D.Theirfoodself-sufficiencyhasbeentakenforgranted.

　　【答案】A

　　64.Whatdoesthenewstudybythetwouniversitiessayaboutrecentcropimprovementefforts

　　A.Theyfailtoproducethesameremarkableresultsasbeforethe1980s.

　　B.Theycontributealottotheimprovementofhumanfoodproduction.

　　C.Theyplayamajorroleinguaranteeingthefoodsecurityoftheworld.

　　D.theyfocusmoreontheincreaseofanimalfeedthanhumanfoodgrains.

　【答案】D

　　65.WhatdoestheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationsayaboutworldfoodproductioninthecomingdecades

　　A.Thegrowingpopulationwillgreatlyincreasethepressureonworldfoodsupplies.

　　B.Theoptimisticpredictionaboutfoodproductionshouldbeviewedwithcaution.

　　C.Theslowdownofthegrowthinyieldsofmajorfoodcropswillbereversed.

　　D.Theworldwillbeabletofeeditspopulationwithoutincreasingfarmland.

　　【答案】D

　　66.HowdoestheauthorviewtheargumentoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganisation

　　A.Itisbuiltonthefindingsofanewstudy.

　　B.Itisbasedonadoubtfulassumption.

　　C.Itisbackedbystrongevidence.

　　D.Itisopentofurtherdiscussion.

【答案】B

四级第一套

　SectionC

　　PassageOne

　Question57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Ifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreen（防晒霜）keepsyousafefromharmfulrays,youmaybewrong.Researchinthisweek'sNatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberofmelanomas（黑瘤）anddelaystheiroccurrence,itcan'tpreventthem.Melanomasarethemostaggressiveskincancers.Youhaveahigherriskifyouhaveredorblondhair,fairskin,blueorgreeneyes,orsunburneasily,orifacloserelativehashadone.Melanomasaremorecommonifyouhaveperiodicintenseexposuretothesun.Otherskincancersareincreasinglylikelywithlong-termexposure.

　　Thereiscontinuingdebateastohoweffectivesunscreenisinreducingmelanomas—theevidenceisweakerthanitisforpreventingothertypesofskincancer.A2011Australianstudyof1,621peoplefoundthatpeoplerandomlyselectedtoapplysunscreendailyhadhalftherateofmelanomasofpeoplewhousedcreamasneeded.Asecondstudy,comparing1,167peoplewithmelanomasto1,101whodidn'thavethecancer,foundthatusingsunscreenroutinely,alongsideotherprotectionsuchashats,longsleevesorstayingintheshade,didgivesomeprotection.Thisstudysaidotherformsofsunprotection—notsunscreen—seemedmostbeneficial.Thestudyreliedonpeoplerememberingwhattheyhaddoneovereachdecadeoftheirlives,soit'snotentirelyreliable.Butitseemsreasonabletothinksunscreengivespeopleafalsesenseofsecurityinthesun.

　　Manypeoplealsodon'tusesunscreenproperly-applyinginsufficientamounts,failingtoreapplyafteracoupleofhoursandstayinginthesuntoolong.Itissunburnthatismostworrying-recentshowsfiveepisodesofsunburnintheteenageyearsincreasestheriskofallskincancers.

　　Thegoodnewsisthatacombinationofsunscreenandcoveringupcanreducemelanomarates,asshownbyAustralianfiguresfromtheirslip-slop-slapcampaign.Soifthereisaheatwavethissummer,itwouldbebestforus,too,tosliponashirt,slopon（抹上）sunscreenandslaponahat.

　　57.【题干】Whatispeople'scommonexpectationofahigh-factorsunscreen

　　A.Itwilldelaytheoccurrenceofskincancer.

　　B.Itwillprotectthemfromsunburn.

　　C.Itwillkeeptheirskinsmoothandfair.

　　D.Itwillworkforpeopleofanyskincolor.

　　【答案】B

　　58.【题干】WhatdoestheresearchinNaturesayaboutahigh-factorsunscreen

　　A.Itisineffectiveinpreventingmelanomas.

　　B.Itisineffectiveincaseofintensesunlight.

　　C.Itisineffectivewithlong-