月英语四六级阅读理解答案.docx

1、月英语四六级阅读理解答案四级第二套Section C Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with

2、only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educatedwell-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profoun

3、d. The world is facing an astonishing rise in the of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity(长寿)transl

4、ated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems. But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idl

5、e old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are failing among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)areputting off retirement

6、 while many less-skilled younger people have abandoned policies that used Xto retire early. Rising life expectancy(预期生命),combined with the replace- Xpension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the c

7、hanging nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive that the preceding generation. Technological charge may well reinforce that shift; the

8、skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age. 57.What is happening in the workforce in rich countries A.Younger people are replacing the elderly. B.Well-educated people tend to work longer. C.Unemployment rates are rising year after yea

9、r. D.People with no collage degree do not easily find work. 【答案】B 58.What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor A.Longer life expectancies. B.A rapid technological advance. C.Profound changes in the workforce. D.A growing number of the well-educated. 【答案】B 59.What do many ob

10、servers predict in view of the experience of the experience of the 20th century A.Economic growth will slow down. B.Government budgets will increase. C.More people will try to pursue higher education. D.There will be more competition in the job market. 【答案】A 60.What is the result of policy changes i

11、n European countries A.Unskilled workers may choose to retire early. B.Morepeople have to receive in-service training. C.Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement. D.Peoplemay be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans. 【答案】C 61.What is characteristic

12、of work in the 21st century A.Computers will do more complicated work. B.More will be the educated young. C.Most jobs to be done will be creative ones. D.Skills are highly valued regardless of age. 【答案】DPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 65 are based on the following passage.Some of the worlds most sign sig

13、nificant problems hit headlines. One example comes from agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the worlds major crops. A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill

14、University in Montreal looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring.The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice, wheat, corn and soyabeans(大豆). They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that took place

15、before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and 2000s.There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the worlds most populous(人口多的)countries, India and China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within

16、 the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse.Second,yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn and soyabeans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting f

17、or around half of all calories consumed. Corn and soyabeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world.T

18、he report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050, as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued.Instead, it says, thanks to slowing population growth

19、, land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revert(回返)to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen.62.What does the author try to draw attention toA.Food riots and hunger in the world.

20、B.The decline of the grain yield growth. C.News headlines in the leading media.D.The food supply in populous countries.【答案】B63.Why does the author mention India and China in particular A.Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets.B.Their food yields have begun to decrease

21、 sharply in recent years.C.Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns.D.Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted.【答案】A64.What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement effortsA.They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the 1

22、980s.B.They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production.C.They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world.D.they focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains. 【答案】D65.What does the Food and Agriculture Organisation say about world food produ

23、ction in the coming decadesA.The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies.B.The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution.C.The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be reversed.D.The world will be able to feed i

24、ts population without increasing farmland.【答案】D66.How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture OrganisationA.It is built on the findings of a new study.B.It is based on a doubtful assumption.C.It is backed by strong evidence.D.It is open to further discussion.【答案】B四级第一套Section C

25、 Passage One Question 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. If you think a high-factor sunscreen(防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong. Research in this weeks Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it cant prevent the

26、m. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers. You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one. Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancers are increasing

27、ly likely with long-term exposure.There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomasthe evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer. A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had hal

28、f the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed. A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didnt have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection. This st

29、udy said other forms of sun protectionnot sunscreenseemed most beneficial. The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so its not entirely reliable. But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.Many people

30、 also dont use sunscreen properly-applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long. It is sunburn that is most worrying-recent shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.The good news is that a c

31、ombination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign. So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on(抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.57.【题干】What is peoples common expecta

32、tion of a high-factor sunscreenA.It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.B.It will protect them from sunburn.C.It will keep their skin smooth and fair.D.It will work for people of any skin color.【答案】B58.【题干】What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreenA.It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.B.It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.C.It is ineffective with long-