六级真题含听力及核心词汇19911995年六级真题 汉魅.docx
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六级真题含听力及核心词汇19911995年六级真题汉魅
六级全真题
1990年1月六级试题
SectionA
Questions21to24arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe"SecondIndustrialRevolution".
Labour'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,labourhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventually,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflabourliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.
Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignment.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlabourwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkingtime.
21.Thoughlabourworriesabouttheeffectofautomation,itdoesnotdoubtthat______.
(A)automationwilleventuallypreventunemployment
(B)Automationwillhelpworkersacquirenewskills
(C)Automationwilleventuallybenefittheworkersnolessthattheemployers
(D)Automationisatrendwhichcannotbestopped
22.Theideaofthe"improvementfactor"(Line6,Para.3)probablyimpliesthat____.
(A)wagesshouldbepaidonthebasisoflengthofservice
(B)thebenefitofincreasedproductionandlowercostsshouldbesharedbyworkers
(C)supplementaryunemploymentbenefitplansshouldbepromoted
(D)thetransitiontoautomationshouldbebroughtaboutwiththeminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstoworkers
23.Inordertogetthefullbenefitsofautomation,labourwilldependmostlyon____.
(A)additionalpaymenttothepermanentlydismissedworkers
(B)theincreaseofwagesinproportiontotheincreaseinproductivity
(C)shorterworkinghoursandmoreleisuretime
(D)astrongdriveforplanningnewinstallations
24.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?
(A)Advantagesanddisadvantagesofautomation.
(B)Labourandtheeffectsofautomation.
(C)Unemploymentbenefitplansandautomation.
(D)Socialbenefitsofautomation.
Questions25to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Thecaseforcollegehasbeenacceptedwithoutquestionformorethanageneration.Allhighschoolgraduatesoughttogo,saysconventionalwisdomandstatisticalevidence,becausecollegewillhelpthemearnmoremoney,become"better"people,andlearntobemoreresponsiblecitizensthanthosewhodon'tgo.
Butcollegehasneverbeenabletoworkitsmagicforeveryone.Andnowthatclosetohalfourhighschoolgraduatesareattending,thosewhodon'tfitthepatternarebecomingmorenumerous,andmoreobvious.Collegegraduatesaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis;collegestudentsinterferewitheachother'sexperimentsandwritefalselettersofrecommendationintheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool.Othersfindnostimulationintheirstudies,anddropout-oftenencouragedbycollegeadministrators.
Someobserverssaythefault!
Iswiththeyoungpeoplethemselves-theyarespoiledandtheyareexpectingtoomuch.Butthat'sacondemnationofthestudentsasawhole,anddoesn'texplainallcampusunhappiness.Othersblamethestateoftheworld,andtheyarepartlyright.We'vebeentoldthatyoungpeoplehavetogotocollegebecauseoureconomycan'tabsorbanarmyofuntrainedeighteen-year-olds.Butdisappointedgraduatesarelearningthatitcannolongerabsorbanarmyoftrainedtwenty-two-year-olds,either.
Someadventuresomeeducatorsandcampuswatchershaveopenlybeguntosuggestthatcollegemaynotbethebest,theproper,theonlyplaceforeveryyoungpersonafterthecompletionofhighschool.Wemayhavebeenlookingatallthosesurveysandstatisticsupsidedown,itseems,andthroughtherosyglowofourownrememberedcollegeexperiences.Perhapscollegedoesn'tmakepeopleintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,quick-learningpeoplearemerelytheoneswhohavebeenattractedtocollegeinthefirstplace.Andperhapsallthosesuccessfulcollegegraduateswouldhavebeensuccessfulwhethertheyhadgonetocollegeornot.Thisisheresy(异端邪说)tothoseofuswhohavebeenbroughtuptobelievethatifalittleschoolingisgood,morehastobemuchbetter.Butcontraryevidenceisbeginningtomountup.
25.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorbelievesthat____.
(A)peopleusedtoquestionthevalueofcollegeeducation
(B)peopleusedtohavefullconfidenceinhighereducation
(C)allhighschoolgraduateswenttocollege
(D)veryfewhighschoolgraduateschosetogotocollege
26.Inthe2ndparagraph,"thosewhodon'tfitthepattern"refersto____.
(A)highschoolgraduateswhoaren'tsuitableforcollegeeducation
(B)collegegraduateswhoaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis
(C)collegestudentswhoaren'tanybetterfortheirhighereducation
(D)highschoolgraduateswhofailedtobeadmittedtocollege
27.Thedrop-outrateofcollegestudentsseemstogoupbecause_____.
(A)youngpeoplearedisappointedwiththeconventionalwayofteachingatcollege
(B)manyyoungpeoplearerequiredtojointhearmy
(C)youngpeoplehavelittlemotivationinpursuingahighereducation
(D)youngpeopledon'tliketheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool
28.Accordingtothepassagetheproblemsofcollegeeducationpartlyarisefromthefactthat____.
(A)societycannotprovideenoughjobsforproperlytrainedcollegegraduates
(B)highschoolgraduatesdonotfitthepatternofcollegeeducation
(C)toomanystudentshavetoearntheirownliving
(D)collegeadministratorsencouragestudentstodropout
29.Inthispassagetheauthorarguesthat_____.
(A)moreandmoreevidenceshowscollegeeducationmaynotbethebestthingforhighschoolgraduates
(B)collegeeducationisnotenoughifonewantstobesuccessful
(C)collegeeducationbenefitsonlytheintelligent,ambitious,andquick-learningpeople
(D)intelligentpeoplemaylearnquickeriftheydon'tgotocollege
30.The"surveysandstatistics"mentionedinthelastparagraphmighthaveshownthat_____.
(A)college-educatedpeoplearemoresuccessfulthannon-college-educatedpeople
(B)collegeeducationwasnotthefirstchoiceofintelligentpeople
(C)thelessschoolingapersonhasthebetteritisforhim
(D)mostpeoplehavesweetmemoriesofcollegelife
Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Ourshasbecomeasocietyofemployees.AhundredyearsorsoagoonlyoneoutofeveryfiveAmericansatworkwasemployed,i.e.,workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonlyoneoutoffiveisnotemployedbutworkingforhimself.Andwhenfiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meantworkingasafactorylabourerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.Indeed,twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringthesefiftyyears:
middle-classandupper-classemployeeshavebeenthefastest-growinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworker,thatoldestchildoftheIndustrialRevolution,hasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproduction.
Yetyouwillfindlittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployee.Youcanfindagreatdealofvery
dubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotion.Youcanalsofindagooddealofworkinachosenfield,whetheritbethemechanist'stradeorbookkeeping(簿记).Everyoneofthesetradesrequiresdifferentskills,setsdifferentstandards,andrequiresadifferentpreparation.Yettheyallhaveemployeeshipincommon.Andincreasingly,especiallyinthelargebusinessoringovernment,employeeshipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill.Certainlymorepeoplefailbecausetheydonotknowtherequirementsofbeinganemployeethanbecausetheydonotadequatelypossesstheskillsoftheirtrade;thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,thegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.
31.Itisimpliedthatfiftyyearsago_____.
(A)eightypercentofAmericanworkingpeoplewereemployedinfactories
(B)twentypercentofAmericanintellectualswereemployees
(C)thepercentageofintellectualsinthetotalworkforcewasalmostthesameasthatofindustrialworkers
(D)thepercentageofintellectualsworkingasemployeeswas