英美文学知识点总结(适用于英语专八).docx

英美文学知识点总结(适用于英语专八).docx

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OldEnglishLiterature古英语文学

（450-1066年）

Beowulf（贝奥武甫）---ThefirstEnglishnationalepic

中世纪英语文学（1066-1500）

GeoffreyChaucer（乔叟，c.1343–1400）wasanEnglishpoet.HeisrememberedforhisTheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》,calledthefatherofEnglishliterature―英国文学之父‖WilliamLangland（朗格兰，1330?

-1400?

）,theauthorofthe14th-centuryEnglishlongnarrativepoemPiersPlowman《农夫皮尔斯》.

文艺复兴（16-17世纪）

WilliamShakespeare（莎士比亚，1564-1616）,Englishpoetandplaywright,hissurvivingworksconsistof38plays,154sonnets,twolongnarrativepoemsVenusandAdonis《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》TheRapeofLucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》

Shakespeare‘sgreatestworks:

greatesttragediesareKingLear《李尔王》,Macbeth《麦克白》,Hamlet《哈姆雷特》,Othello

《奥赛罗》,RomeoandJuliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》

greatcomedies:

AMidsummerNight‘sDream《仲夏夜之梦》,AsYouLikeIt《皆大欢喜》,TheMerchantofVenice《威尼斯商人》,TwelfthNight《第十二夜》

greathistoricalplays:

RichardIII《理查三世》,HenryIV《亨利四世》,HenryV《亨利五世》,HenryVII《亨利八世》

JohnMilton（弥尔顿,1608-1674） wasanEnglishpoetandcivilservantforthe

CommonwealthofEngland.HeisbestknownforhisepicpoemParadiseLo《st失乐园》,ParadiseRegained《复乐园》Samson《力士参孙》.

18世纪文学和新古典主义

AlexanderPope（浦柏,1688-1744） isgenerallyregardedasthegreatestEnglishpoetoftheeighteenthcentury,bestknownforhissatiricalepigram讽刺隽语andheroiccouplet英雄双韵体.HismajorworksincludemockepicsatiricalpoemAnEssayonMan《人论》andAnEssayonCriticism《论批评》

DanielDefoe（笛福，1660—1731）wasanEnglishwriterwhogainedenduringfameforhis

novelRobinsonCrusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》,spokesmanformiddle-classpeople

HenryFielding（菲尔丁,1707---1754），anEnglishnovelistknownforhisnovel:

TheHistoryofTomJones.

JonathanSwift（斯威夫特,1667-1745）,wasanAnglo-Irishnovelist,satirist.HeisrememberedfornovelsuchasGulliver‘sTravels《格列佛游记》.

RichardSheridan（谢立丹，1751—1816）,Irishplaywright,knownforhissatiricalplaySchoolofScandal（造谣学校）.HewasarepresntativewriterofComediesofManners.

LaurenceSterne（斯特恩,1713—1768）,anEnglishnovelist.HeisbestknownforhisnovelTristramShandy（《商第传》）.

OliverGoldsmith（哥尔德斯密斯，1728-1774）Englishnovelist,knownforhisnovelVicarof

Wakefield（《威克菲尔德牧师传记》）

ThomasGray（托马斯•格雷1716—1771），anEnglishpoet,authorofElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard（《墓畔哀歌》）,writerofsentimentalism感伤派.

浪漫主义（18世纪末19世纪初）

WilliamBlake（1757–1827）wasanEnglishpoet,bestknownforhispoeticalcollectionsofSongofInnocence《天真之歌》andSongofExperience《经验之歌》.

WilliamWordsworth（1770-1850）,amajorEnglishRomanticpoetwho,withSamuelTaylorColeridge,helpedlaunchtheRomanticAgeinEnglishliteraturewiththeir1798jointpublication,LyricalBallads《抒情歌谣集》.Wordsworth‗smagnumopusisgenerallyconsideredtobeThePrelude《序曲》.

SamuelTaylorColeridge（柯勒律治,1772–1834）wasanEnglishpoetwhowas,alongwithhis

friendWilliamWordsworth,oneofthefoundersoftheRomanticMovementinEnglandandoneoftheLakePoets.HeisprobablybestknownforhispoemsTheRimeoftheAncientMarine《r古舟子颂》andKublaKhan《忽必烈汗》

GeorgeGordonByron（拜伦，1788—1824）wasaEnglishpoetandaleadingfigureinRomanticism.AmongstByron‗sbest-knownworksarehisnarrativepoemsChildeHarold‗sPilgrimage《哈罗尔德游记》andDonJuan《唐璜》

PercyByssheShelley（1792—1822）wasoneofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoetsandiswidelyconsideredtobeamongthefinestlyricpoetsintheEnglishlanguage.HeisperhapsmostfamousforOdetotheWestWind《西风颂》,ToaSkylark《致云雀》,PrometheusUnbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》.

MaryShelley（玛丽•雪莱1797–1851）wasaBritishnovelistbestknownforherGothicnovel

Frankenstein《弗兰肯斯坦》,consideredasfirstsciencefiction

JohnKeats（济慈,1795—1821）wasanEnglishpoetwhobecameoneoftheprincipalpoetsoftheEnglishRomanticmovement.HismasterpiecessuchasOdeonaGrecianUrn《希腊古瓮颂》andOdetoaNightingale《夜莺颂》

浪漫主义时期小说家

JaneAusten（1775—1817）,wasanEnglishnovelist.HermajornovelsincludeSenseandSensibility（《理智与情感》）,PrideandPrejudice（《傲慢与偏见》）,Emma（《爱玛》）.

WalterScott（司各特,1771---1832）,aprolificScottishhistoricalnovelist.Hismajorworksis

Ivanhoe《艾凡赫》

Realism现实主义时期（VictorianAge维多利亚时期1837-1901）

Brontesisters勃朗宁姐妹,Charlotte（夏洛蒂,1816–1855）,Emily（艾米丽,1818–1848）andAnne （安妮,1820–1849）,wereEnglishwritersofthe1840sand1850s.Charlotte‗sJaneEyre

《简爱》,Emily‘sWutheringHeights《呼啸山庄》andAnne'sAgnesGrey《艾格妮斯·格雷》aremasterpiecesofEnglishliterature.

GeorgeElliot（乔治-爱略特，1819—1880）wasanEnglishnovelist.ShewasoneoftheleadingwritersoftheVictorianera.Hernovels,largelysetinprovincialEngland.Hermajornovels

include:

TheMillontheFloss《佛洛斯河上的磨坊》Middlemarch《米德尔玛契》.

CharlesDickens（1812–1870）：

oneofthemostpopularEnglishnovelistsoftheVictorianera.Hismajornovelsinclude:

ATaleofTwoCities《双城记》,OliverTwist《奥利弗退斯特》,DavidCopperfield《大卫科波菲尔德》,GreatExp