全国高考英语阅读理解的综合高考真题汇总附答案解析.docx

全国高考英语阅读理解的综合高考真题汇总附答案解析.docx

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全国高考英语阅读理解的综合高考真题汇总附答案解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Ifyou'reafanofsmarttechnology,youmayhavehadsomesleeplessnightslately.That'sbecauseAlexa,theartificialintelligence（AI）behindUScompanyAmazon'sEchosmartspeakers,hasbeen"lettingoutanunprompted（自发的）,creepy（令人毛骨悚然的）cacklefornoapparentreason,accordingtoBBCNews.

   ManysocialmediauserssharedtheirstoriesofAlexascaringthemwiththeseeminglyunpromptedlaugh.

   "EverytimeAlexalaughs,anangeldies,"TeslaandSpaceXfounderElonMuskjokedonsocialmedia.

   OnMarch7,Amazonreleasedanupdatethatfixedtheproblem,sayingthatthelaughwascausedbyEchodevicesmistakenlythinkingthatusershadsaidthecommand"Alexa,laugh".

   However,whatshouldhavebeenafunnystoryraisedtheongoingtopicofmanversusmachine.

   Withtheriseofartificialandrobotictechnology,"Digitalmachinesstartedtodemonstratebroadabilitiesinpatternrecognition,complexcommunication,andotherareathatusedtobeparticularlyhuman,"wroteErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeintheirbookTheSecondMachineAge:

Work,Progress,andProsperityinaTimeofBrilliantTechnologies.TheybelievethatAIwill"domoreandmore,andourliveswillgetbetter".

   However,eversincetheearliestdaysofAItherehavebeenconcernsthatsomeday,softwarewilltakeovertheworld,leavingthefateofhumansunknown.

   "Withartificialintelligenceweareorderthedemon（魔鬼）MusktoldstudentsduringameetingatMITin2014."IfIhadtoguessatwhatourbiggestexistentialthreatis,it'sprobablythat.Soweneedtobeverycareful

   Manyscientistshavesharedthesameconcern.ThelateBritishphysicistStephenHawkingsaidatatechnologyconferenceinPortugalinNovemberthat"computerscan.intheory,imitatehumanintelligence,andexceedit•••AIcouldbetheworsteventinthehistoryofourcivilization."

   IfcreatorsaretosafelycontrolALhowever,Hawkingsuggestedthatthey"employbestpracticeandeffectivemanagement".

   IamanoptimistandIbelievethatwecancreateAIforthegoodoftheworld,"hesaidattheconference."Wesimplyneedtobeawareofthedangers,identifythem,employthebestpossiblepracticeandmanagement,andprepareforitsconsequenceswellinadvance."

（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"cackle"inParagraph1probablymean?

A.movement

B.laughter

C.scream

D.story

（2）ThestoryofAlexaisintendedto     .

A.leadintothediscussionabouthumansandAI

B.proveartificialintelligencehasitsweaknesses

C.informreadersofthedevelopmentofAI

D.showhowAlexa'sproblemwasfixed

（3）AccordingtoBrynjolfssonandMcAfee,whichstatementbelowisprobablyTRUE?

A.ThedevelopmentofAIcouldthreatenoursurvivaloneday.

B.Digitalmachineshavecompleteabilitytorecognizesomethingwithoutmistakes.

C.Robotswillnevermatchhumansincomplexcommunication.

D.Humansliveswillbegreatlyimprovedwiththehelpofrobots.

（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ManVS.Machine

B.TimetoControlRiseofAI

C.CreepyAI

D.AI:

TheBiggestThreat

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了人们对人工智能带来的潜在危险的不同观点，提醒我们要提前做好充分准备。

（1）考查猜测词义。

根据第二段中的"ManysocialmediauserssharedtheirstoriesofAlexascaringthemwiththeseeminglyunpromptedlaugh."可知很多社交媒体也分享了亚马逊公司的智能机器Alexa会发出令人毛骨悚然的笑声的事情。

此句中的"laugh"与文章第一段中的划线词"cackle"意义一样，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

前四段中介绍了亚马逊公司的智能机器Alexa会发出令人毛骨悚然的笑声的事情，再根据第五段中的"However,whatshouldhavebeenafunnystoryraisedtheongoingtopicofmanversusmachine."这个故事引起了人与机器对抗的话题。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的"TheybelievethatAIwill"domoreandmore,andourliveswillgetbetter"."可知Brynjolfsson和McAfee认为现在的人工智能机器展示出了多种能力，这些能力会让我们的生活变得更好。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了人们对于人工智能带来的潜在危险的不同观点。

在最后一段中作者引用了霍金的话，告诉我们要意识到人工智能的危险，要做好充分的准备。

B项符合文章中心思想。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   DarrellBlatchley,amarinebiologistandenvironmentalistbasedinthePhilippinecityofDavao,receivedacallfromthePhilippines,BureauofFisheriesandAquaticResources（渔业与水产资源局）earlyFridaymorningreportingadeathofayoungwhale.

   Whenthenecropsy（尸检）wasperformed,BlatchleytoldNPR,hewasnotpreparedfortheamountofplastictheyfoundinthewhale'sstomach."Itwasfullofplasticnothingbutnonstopplastic."hesaid"Itwasfilledtothepointthatitsstomachwasashardasabaseball."Thatmeansthatthisanimalhasbeensufferingnotfordaysorweeksbutformonthsorevenayearormore,"Blatchleyadded.

   BlatchleyisthefounderandowneroftheD'BoneCollectorMuseum,anaturalhistorymuseuminDavao.Inthecomingdays,themuseumwilldisplayalltheitemsfoundinthewhale'ssystem.BlatchleyandhisteamworkwiththeBureauofFisheriesandAquaticResourcesandotherorganizationstoassistinrescueandrecoveryofmarineanimals.

   "Withinthelast10years,wehaverecovered61whalesanddolphinsjustwithintheDavaoGulf,"hesaid."Ofthem,57havediedduetomanwhethertheytookplasticorfishingnetsorotherwaste,orgottencaughtinpollution—andfourwerepregnant."

   BlatchleysaidhehopedthatthelatestincidentwouldlaunchtheissueofplasticpollutioninthePhilippinesandacrosstheglobe."Ifwekeepgoingthisway,itwillbemoreuncommontoseeananimaldieofnaturalcausesthanitistoseeananimaldieofplastic,"hesaid.

（1）Whatcanheinferredfromthesecondparagraph?

A. Thewhalewasstarvedtodeath.

B. Blatchleywasshockedatwhathefound.

C. Thedeadwhalemusthaveswallowedabaseball.

D. Blatchleydidn'tmakepreparationsforthenecropsy.

（2）WhatwillbeshownintheD'BoneCollectorMuseum?

A. Wastecollectedfromtheocean.                     B. Thewholesystemofthewhale.

C. Thingsfoundinthewhale'sbody.                  

D. Manydifferenttoolsofwhaling.

（3）WhatdoesBlatchleythinkofplasticpollutioninthePhilippines?

A. Uncommon.                          

B. Worrying.                          

C. Inspiring.                          

D. Mild.

（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A. AWhaleFoundDeadofPlastic                      

B. StandUpforProtectingWhales

C. PlasticThreateningOurExistence                  

D. NaturalDeathorMercilessMurder

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一只鲸鱼因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，这引发了人们对海洋塑料污染的担忧。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“hewasnotpreparedfortheamountofplastictheyfoundinthewhale'sstomach”可知，布拉奇利在鲸鱼的胃里发现了大量的塑料，他对此毫无准备，这是他意想不到的，由此可知，布拉奇利对他的发现感到震惊，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Inthecomingdays,themuseumwilldisplayalltheitemsfoundinthewhale'ssystem.”可知，在鲸鱼体内发现的东西将在这座自然博物馆中展出，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Ifwekeepgoingthisway,itwillbemoreuncommontoseeananimaldieofnaturalcausesthanitistoseeananimaldieofplastic,”可知，布拉奇利说如果我们继续这样下去，动物因吃塑料死亡的情况比自然死亡更为常见，由此可知，他对菲律宾的塑料污染很担忧，故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了一只鲸鱼因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，这引发了人们对塑料污染的担忧，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Familiesaroundthecountryarefindingnewoptionsfortheirchildren'smiddaymealthankstoagrowingnumberofdeliveryoptionscateringtostudents.KiddosCateringinChicagoadoptsamethodofprovidingrestaurantmealstoschoolsthatcontractwithit.OwnerMichelleMosesandherstaffworkwitharearestaurantstocreateavarietyofkid-friendlychoicesanddeliverthemealstotheschoolsfivedaysaweek.Parentsselectthelunchesfromanonlineorderformthatliststheday'sfeaturedrestaurantanditsmenuchoices.

   "Eachdayisadifferentrestaurantwithsixto10menuoptions,"shesaid."Itofferssomuchchoicetokids."Theserviceappealstoparentsbecausetheythinktheirchildrenarelesslikelytotossoutrestaurantfoodthanapackedlunch,Ms.Mosessaid.TheschoolsappreciatethatMoseshandlestheordering,payment,pickup,andfooddistributioninthecafeteria."Schoolsreallywanttobeinthebusinessofeducatingkids,"shesaid."Theydon'twanttobeinthefoodandbeverage（餐饮）business."

   Thatdoesn'tmeanthatschoolsalwayslikeitwhenteens（orparents）takeituponthemselvestoorderfoodthroughphoneapps.Manyschoolshavebannedthatpractice,citingsafetyconcernsaboutdeliverydriversshowingupatschoolunannouncedandtheburdenoftrackingdownstudentstoalarmthemthattheirmealshavearrived.

   "Thesetypesofdeliveriesposeanunnecessarysecurityriskforstudentsandstaff,"saidBernardWatson,directorofcommunityrelationsforGwinnettCountyPublicSchoolsinSuwanee,Ga."Inaddition,ouraward-winningschoolnutritionprogramprovidesstudentswithawidevarietyoftasty,nutritiousmealson-site,sothereisnoneedtoorderfoodfromoutside."

   JacobLevin,arecentgraduateofBexleyHighSchoolinBexley,Ohio,reliedonasubshoptodeliverasandwichtohimduringlunchtimemeetingsorotherappointmentsthatconflictedwithhislunchperiod."Itwasaconvenientoption.Inmostcases,Iwouldnothavebeenabletoeatatschoolifitweren'tforthedeliveryoption,"hesaid."Havingarestaurant-qualitysubalsowasmuchmoreenjoyablethancafeteriafood."

（1）WhatcanwelearnaboutKiddosCatering?

A. Itshouldbeorderedonline.

B. Itisanon-profitfoodprogram.

C. Itdeliversthemealstotheschoolstwiceaday.

D. Itmainlyoffersthefeatureddishesofarestaurant.

（2）Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A. Theaimofthefoodandbeveragebusiness.     

B. Asuitabletimeforschoolmeals.

C. Advantagesofthedeliveringschoollunch.       

D. Analternativetotheschoolcafeteria.

（3）WhatisBernardWatson'sconcernfordeliveringfood?

A. It'slesshealthythan