商志考研英语背词班资料98页.docx

商志考研英语背词班资料98页.docx

《商志考研英语背词班资料98页.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《商志考研英语背词班资料98页.docx（72页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

商志考研英语背词班资料98页

NO.1（0403）

Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn’tcutting,filingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe’dliketo,either.Mostofherclientsspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.“I’magoodeconomicindicator,”shesays.“Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhenthey’reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars.”SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingatmiddle-browDillard’sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhome,insteadofNeimanMarcus.“Idon’tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too”shesays.

EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan’sadmissionthatAmerica’sred-hoteconomyiscooling,lotsofworkingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.FromcardealershipstoGapoutlets,saleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending.Forretailers,wholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetweenThanksgivingandChristmas,thecautiousapproachiscomingatacrucialtime.Already,expertssay,holidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear’space.Butdon’tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemmildlyconcerned,notpanicked,andmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy’slong-termprospects,evenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening.

Consumerssaythey’renotindespairbecause,despitethedreadfulheadlines,theirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.InManhattan,“there’sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe$4millionto$10millionrange,predominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonuses,”saysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFrancisco,pricesarestillrisingevenasfrenziedoverbiddingquiets.“Insteadof20to30offers,nowmaybeyouonlygettwoorthree,”saysJohnDeadly,aBayAreareal-estatebroker.Andmostfolksstillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepajob.

Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potentialhomebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldn’tmindalittlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.Manyconsumersseemtohavebeeninfluencedbystock-marketswings,whichinvestorsnowviewasanecessaryingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseeanupside,too.GettingatableatManhattan’shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantusedtobeimpossible.Notanymore.Forthat,Greenspan&Co.maystillbeworthtoasting.

51.By“EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet”（Line1,Paragraph1）,theauthormeans

[A]Sperocanhardlymaintainherbusiness.

[B]Speroistoomuchengagedinherwork.

[C]Sperohasgrownoutofherbadhabit.

[D]Speroisnotinadesperatesituation.

52.Howdothepublicfeelaboutthecurrenteconomicsituation?

[A]Optimistic.

[B]Confused.

[C]Carefree.

[D]Panicked.

53.Whenmentioning“the$4millionto$10millionrange”（Lines3-4,Paragraph3）theauthoristalkingabout.

[A]goldmarket.

[B]realestate.

[C]stockexchange.

[D]ventureinvestment.

54.Whycanmanypeoplesee“silverlinings”totheeconomicslowdown?

[A]Theywouldbenefitincertainways.

[B]Thestockmarketshowssignsofrecovery.

[C]Suchaslowdownusuallyprecedesaboom.

[D]Thepurchasingpowerwouldbeenhanced.

55.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

[A]Anewboom,onthehorizon.

[B]Tightenthebelt,thesingleremedy.

[C]Cautionallright,panicnot.

[D]Themoreventures,themorechances.

NO.2（9705）

　Muchofthelanguageusedtodescribemonetarypolicy,suchas“steeringtheeconomytoasoftlanding”or“atouchonthebrakes”,makesitsoundlikeaprecisescience.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Thelinkbetweeninterestratesandinflationisuncertain.Andtherearelong,variablelagsbeforepolicychangeshaveanyeffectontheeconomy.Hencetheanalogythatlikenstheconductofmonetarypolicytodrivingacarwithablackenedwindscreen,acrackedrearviewmirrorandafaultysteeringwheel.

　Givenallthesedisadvantages,centralbankersseemtohavehadmuchtoboastaboutoflate.Averageinflationinthebigsevenindustrialeconomiesfelltoamere2.3%lastyear,closetoitslowestlevelin30years,beforerisingslightlyto2.5%thisJuly.Thisisalongwaybelowthedouble-digitrateswhichmanycountriesexperiencedinthe1970sandearly1980s.

　Itisalsolessthanmostforecastershadpredicted.Inlate1994thepanelofeconomistswhichTheEconomistpollseachmonthsaidthatAmerica'sinflationratewouldaverage3.5%in1995.Infact,itfellto2.6%inAugust,andexpectedtoaverageonlyabout3%fortheyearasawhole.InBritainandJapaninflationisrunninghalfapercentagepointbelowtheratepredictedattheendoflastyear.Thisisnoflashinthepan;overthepastcoupleofyears,inflationhasbeenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica.

EconomistshavebeenparticularlysurprisedbyfavorableinflationfiguresinBritainandtheUnitedStates,sinceconventionalmeasuressuggestthatbotheconomies,andespeciallyAmerica's,havelittleproductiveslack.America'scapacityutilization,forexample,hithistoricallyhighlevelsearlierthisyear,anditsjoblessrate（5.6%inAugust）hasfallenbelowmostestimatesofthenaturalrateofunemployment—theratebelowwhichinflationhastakenoffinthepast.

　Whyhasinflationprovedsomild?

Themostthrillingexplanationis,unfortunately,alittledefective.Someeconomistsarguethatpowerfulstructuralchangesintheworldhaveup-endedtheoldeconomicmodelsthatwerebaseduponthehistoricallinkbetweengrowthandinflation.

67.Fromthepassagewelearnthat_____.

A）thereisadefiniterelationshipbetweeninflationandinterestrates

B）economywillalwaysfollowcertainmodels

C）theeconomicsituationisbetterthanexpected

D）economistshadforeseenthepresenteconomicsituation

68.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A）Makingmonetarypoliciesiscomparabletodrivingacar

B）Anextremelylowjoblessratewillleadtoinflation

C）Ahighunemploymentratewillresultfrominflation

D）Interestrateshaveanimmediateeffectontheeconomy

69.Thesentence“Thisisnoflashinthepan”（Line5,Paragraph3）meansthat_____.

A）thelowinflationratewilllastforsometime

B）theinflationratewillsoonrise

C）theinflationwilldisappearquickly

D）thereisnoinflationatpresent

70.Thepassageshowsthattheauthoris_____thepresentsituation.

A）criticalof

B）puzzledby

C）disappointedat

D）amazedat

NO.3（0703）

Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicrisksandnewrealities.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.

　　Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:

familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutetheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback–aback-upearner（usuallyMom）whocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.

　　Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamiliesthepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen–andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent–andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance–havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.

　　Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.

11.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat

　[A]thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared.

　[B]theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased.

　[C]theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics.

　[D]theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance.

12.AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave

　[A]ahighersenseofsecurity.[B]lesssecuredpayments.

　[C]lesschancetoinvest.[D]aguaranteed