全国通用高考英语复习第9讲 构词法.docx

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全国通用高考英语复习第9讲构词法

第9讲 构词法

[析考点·规律探密]                真题体验 透视命题规律

授课提示:

对应学生用书第29页

英语中构词法主要可以分为派生法、转化法和合成法。

高考语法填空和短文改错对构词法的考查主要体现在派生词上。

在一个词的词根之前或之后加上某个词缀来生成一个新词的构词法,即称作派生法。

加在词根之前的词缀叫作前缀,加在词根之后的叫作后缀。

【考点练悟】(单句语法填空)

1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisestostrengthen(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.

2.Heencouraged(courage)metobeawriter(write)inthefuture.

3.Inthepastfewyears,Lucyhasformedthehabitofkeepingasupplyofcandlesincaseofapowerfailure(fail).

4.(2018·银川一中模拟)Itisnatural(nature)thatyoungpeopleareoftenuncomfortable_(comfort)whentheyarewiththeirparents.

5.(2018·玉溪一中模拟)Today'sexperiencetaughtmesomevaluable(value)lessonsinmylife.

6.IlovechildrenverymuchbecauseIalwaysfeelthattheybringgreathappiness(happy)andexcitement(excite)tomylife.

7.IthinkwatchingTVeveryeveningisawasteoftime,becausetherearemoremeaningful(meaning)thingstodo.

8.Whatpointscanberaisedindefence(defend)ofthisargument(argue)?

【考点练悟】

(单句改错 请按照高考要求直接在原句上修改)

1.Tomyhappy,shecouldcooksomedeliciousfoodforme.

答案:

Tomy

,shecouldcooksomedeliciousfoodforme.

2.Iamsolucktohavesomefriendswhosharethesameinterestwithme.

答案:

Iamso

tohavesomefriendswhosharethesameinterestwithme.

3.Asweknow,challengeasitwas,itwasverybenefittous.

答案:

Asweknow,challengeasitwas,itwasvery

tous.

4.Itreflectedtheirlackofconcernforthesafeofbothothersandthemselves.

答案:

Itreflectedtheirlackofconcernforthe

ofbothothersandthemselves.

5.Herdisappointinglookshowedthatshefailedtheexamagain.

答案:

Her

lookshowedthatshefailedtheexamagain.

6.We'relivinginaworldwherewecanneverstresstheimportantofsharingtoomuch.

答案:

We'relivinginaworldwherewecanneverstressthe

ofsharingtoomuch.

 

[规律总结]

(一) 前 缀

1.表示否定意义的前缀

(1)un

unfortunate  不幸的

unable不能够的

uncomfortable不舒服的

(2)in

(3)im

impolite 不礼貌的

imperfect不完美的

impossible不可能的

(4)il

illegal 违法的

illogical不合逻辑的

inconvenient 不方便的

incorrect不正确的

informal不正式的

(5)ir

irregular 不规则的

irrelevant不相关的

(6)non

nonviolent 非暴力的

nonprofit非盈利的

(7)dis

dislike  不喜欢

disapprove不赞成

dishonest  不诚实的

disadvantage弊端,不利条件

2.表示其他意义的常见前缀

(1)en  使……

enable使能够

enrich使丰富

enlarge扩大,使变大

endanger危及

(2)re  再,又

retell复述

review复习

reunite团聚

(3)mis  错误

misunderstand误解

mislead误导

misread误读

(4)pre  在……之前

preview预习

prereading读前

prehistoric史前的

(5)fore 在……前面

forehead前额

foretell预言

forecast预测,预报

(6)inter   在……之间,互相

international国际的

interact互动

interpersonal人际的

(7)trans 转变,变换

translate翻译

transport运输

transform转变,改造

 

(二) 后 缀

1.形容词后缀

(1)y

windy 有风的

lucky幸运的

healthy健康的

(2)ly

friendly 友好的

deadly致命的

lively活泼的

(3)al

natural 自然的

national国家的

personal个人的

(4)ive

attractive 吸引人的

effective有效的

impressive印象深刻的

(5)ic/ical

historic 有历史意义的

energetic精力充沛的

historical历史的

(6)ous

famous   著名的

dangerous危险的

mysterious神秘的

(7)ful

wonderful   精彩的

beautiful美丽的

hopeful有希望的

(8)less

careless 粗心的

homeless无家可归的

helpless无助的

(9)able

comfortable 舒适的

acceptable可接受的

reasonable合乎情理的

adaptable可适应的

2.名词后缀

(1)表示“人”的名词后缀

①er

cleaner 清洁工

reporter记者

employer雇主,老板

②or

inventor 发明家

actor演员

visitor游客

③ist

artist  艺术家

scientist科学家

pianist钢琴家

dentist牙科医生

④ess

hostess 女主人

waitress女服务员

actress女演员

⑤ian

musician  音乐家

politician政治家

historian历史学家

(2)表示其他意义的常见名词后缀

①th

truth  真相

strength力量,强项

width宽度

warmth温暖

②dom

freedom  自由

boredom无聊,厌烦

wisdom智慧

③ment

development  发展

achievement成就

amazement惊讶

excitement兴奋

④ness

happiness  幸福

weakness弱点

kindness善良

seriousness严重性,严肃性

⑤tion/sion

competition竞争

construction建设

discussion讨论

conclusion结论

admission接纳,准许入学

⑥ance/ence

importance 重要性

appearance出现,相貌

existence存在

patience耐心

confidence信心

⑦(t)y

difficulty   困难

loyalty忠诚

cruelty残忍

safety安全

responsibility职责,责任

⑧al

arrival  到达

approval赞成,批准

survival幸存

3.动词、副词后缀

(1)en

widen  加宽

deepen加深

weaken削弱

(2)ize

apologize  道歉

emphasize强调

memorize记住

(3)ly

slowly  慢慢地

happily高兴地

extremely  极其

surprisingly令人惊讶地

 

[刷题组·题型突破]               即时演练 巩固复习成果

授课提示:

对应学生用书第31页

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.(2018·银川一中模拟)Thankfully(thank),Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend.

2.(2018·南昌市十所省重点中学模拟)Thesightseeingoptionsareendless(end),butmosttravelersbeginontheharborattheSydneyOperaHouse.

3.(2018·山东省高三下学期综合测试)Ronhadasuccessful(success)careerandworkedforFordbeforeretiringandleadingarelaxedlife.

4.Onlyinthiswaycantheygrowuptobeindependent(depend)andbecometrulysuccessful(success).

5.Myfirstimpression(impress)ofhimwasthathewasakindandthoughtful(thought)youngman.

6.Agroupofrobbersenteredthebuildingusingequipment(equip)todigholesanddestroywallsonSundaynight.

7.Notknowinghowtooperatethecomputerisoneofthedisadvantages(advantage)infindingjobs.

8.Newsoftherobberiesfrightened(fright)manypeopleintofittingnewlockstotheirdoors.

9.Thehighschoolboysloveplayingbasketball,anditisauseful(use)waytoreleasetheirstudypressure(press).

10.Anyone,whetherheisanofficialorabusdriver(drive),shouldbeequally(equal)respected.

Ⅱ.单句改错(请按照高考要求直接在原句上修改)

1.Theydiveddeepintotheforestandfeltdeepfrightened.

答案:

Theydiveddeepintotheforestandfelt

frightened.

2.Shelookedanxious.Itseemsthatshehasbeeninvolvedinproperbusinessdeals.

答案:

Shelookedanxious.Itseemsthatshehasbeeninvolvedin

businessdeals.

3.Personal,Idon'tlikehimatall,butit'sstrangethatheshouldbesopopularamongthekids.

答案:

,Idon'tlikehimatall,butit'sstrangethatheshouldbesopopularamongthekids.

4.Iwasn'tblaminganyone;Imeresaiderrorslikethiscouldbeavoided.

答案:

Iwasn'tblaminganyone;I

saiderrorslikethiscouldbeavoided.

5.Thefiveyearsoldboycansingthesongverywell.

答案:

The

boycansingthesongverywell.

6.Inspiteofrepeatedwrongsdonetohim,helooksfriendtopeoplegreetinghim.

答案:

Inspiteofrepeatedwrongsdonetohim,helooks

topeoplegreetinghim.

7.Imustbegettingfat—Icanharddomytrousersup.

答案:

Imustbegettingfat—Ican

domytrousersup.

8.AustraliaisanEnglishspokencountry.

答案:

Australiaisan

country.

9.Weapologizedforanyconveniencecausedbythedelay.

答案:

Weapologizedforany

causedbythedelay.

10.Peoplewithdisabilitiesarenowdoingmanythingstorichtheirlives.

答案:

Peoplewithdisabilitiesarenowdoingmanythingsto

theirlives.

Ⅲ.语法填空

MoststudentsdoanIQtestearlyintheirschoolcareer.Eveniftheyneverseetheirresults,theyfeelthattheirIQis1.____________determineshowwelltheyaregoingtodoinlife.Whentheyseeother2.____________(student)doingbetterthanthem,theyusuallybelievethatthosestudentshavea3.____________(high)IQandthatthereisnothingtheycando4.____________(change)facts.However,newresearchintoEQsuggeststhatsuccessisnot5.____________(simple)theresultofahighIQ.

WhileyourIQtellsyouhow6.____________(intelligence)youare,yourEQtellsyouhowwellyouuseyourintelligence.ProfessorSalovery,7.__________inventedthetermEQ,givesthefollowingdescription:

Atwork,itisEQ8.____________getsyoupromoted.9.____________(support)byhisacademicresearch,ProfessorSaloverysuggeststhatwhenpredictingsomeone'sfuturesuccess,theircharacter,10.____________measuredbyEQtests,mightactuallymattermorethantheirIQ.

[语篇解读] 文章介绍了智商和情商之间的关系。

1.解析:

考查连接词。

is后面是表语从句,从句中缺主语,需用what引导,故填what。

答案:

what 

2.解析:

考查名词单复数。

student是可数名词,此处由other修饰应用复数形式,指“其他的学生们”,故填students。

答案:

students 

3.解析:

考查形容词比较级。

由句中的than可知此处用比较级表示那些有较高智商的人,故填higher。

答案:

higher 

4.解析:

考查不定式。

此处用不定式表目的,指“他们没有办法改变事实”,故填tochange。

答案:

tochange 

5.解析:

考查副词。

此处指“成功不仅仅是高智商的结果”,故填simply。

答案:

simply 

6.解析:

考查形容词。

此处为“how+形容词+谓语”结构,用形容词,故填intelligent。

答案:

intelligent 

7.解析:

考查关系词。

此空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是ProfessorSalovery,指人,故用关系代词who。

答案:

who 

8.解析:

考查强调句。

此处是强调句,结构为:

Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他,句中被强调部分是EQ,故填that。

答案:

that 

9.解析:

考查过去分词。

support与ProfessorSalovery之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,故此处用过去分词作状语,故填Supported。

答案:

Supported 

10.解析:

考查连词。

此处指“正如被EQ测试测量的那样”,故填as。

答案:

as 

Ⅳ.短文改错

Recently,afamousbasketballplayerhascausedpublicangrybywritingontheGreatWall.Inthefact,thishappensinmanyplaceofinterest.Ihadsomesuggestionstosolvethisproblem.

First,makemoreposterstoinformthepublicthedamageofgraffiti(涂鸦).Besides,punishments,suchasafine,isnecessarytotouristswithsobadbehaviors.Also,Ithinkit'shelpfullytoputupsomeboardsalongthetouristattractionsthattouristscanleavemessages.

I'msurewithourefforts,moreandmorepeoplewillbecomeconcerningaboutprotectingculturalrelics.

答案:

Recently,afamousbasketballplayerhascausedpublic

bywritingon

GreatWall.Inthefact,thishappensinmany

ofinterest.I

somesuggestionstosolvethisproblem.

First,makemoreposterstoinformthepublic

thedamageofgraffiti(涂鸦).Besides,punishments,suchasafine,

necessarytotouristswith

badbehaviors.Also,Ithinkit's

toputupsomeboardsalongthetouristattractions

touristscanleavemessages.

I'msurewithourefforts,moreandmorepeoplewillbecome

aboutprotectingculturalrelics.

限时规范训练

(一) “语法填空+短文改错”组合练1(限时:

30分钟)

对应学生用书(单独成册)第105页

[题组一]

Ⅰ.语法填空

Haveyoueverthoughtaboutthebestmealyouhaveevereaten?

Formanypeople,itisn'tjustaboutthequalityofthefood;it'salsoaboutgreatmemoriesofaparticularvacationorthepersonitwasshared1.____________.Weasked100famouschefsfromaroundtheworld2.____________theirbestmealswere,andwegotsome3.____________(interest)answers.

Astheresearchersexpected,30%ofthechefs4.____________(survey)saidthattheirbestmealasakidwasstillwhattheylikedthemostasanadult.20%5.____________(consider)amealinafancyrestaurantasthebestoneintheirlives,andanother10%saidthatamealwhiletheywereonvacationwiththeirwife6.____________husbandwasthebestofalltime.15%saidthatasimplemealthattheyoftencookedathomeranked7.____________(high)thananyothermeal,andthesamenumbersaidthattheirbestdishwassomethingtheymadeattheplacewheretheyworked.8.____________(surprising),10%ofthesechefssaidthattheirfavoritemealoftheirentireliveswasatafastfoodrestaurant!

Thesebest9.____________(cook)intheworldwouldpickMcDonald'sorKFCiftheyhadthechoiceofwhat10.____________(eat).

[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。

就什么是最佳美食,研究人员对世界上一百名著名的厨师做了调查,得到了许多非常有趣的答案。

1.解析:

考查固定搭配。

根据语境可知,最佳的美食不仅仅与食物的质量有关,还可能与某个特别假期的美好回忆或共同进餐的人有关。

sharewith为固定搭配,意为“与……分享”。

答案:

with 

2.解析:

考查宾语从句。

分析该句结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,作及物动词

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