全国通用高考英语复习第9讲 构词法.docx

1、全国通用高考英语复习第9讲 构词法第9讲构词法析考点规律探密真题体验透视命题规律授课提示：对应学生用书第29页英语中构词法主要可以分为派生法、转化法和合成法。高考语法填空和短文改错对构词法的考查主要体现在派生词上。在一个词的词根之前或之后加上某个词缀来生成一个新词的构词法，即称作派生法。加在词根之前的词缀叫作前缀，加在词根之后的叫作后缀。【考点练悟】(单句语法填空)1(2018全国卷)Toavoidkneepain, youcanrunonsoftsurfaces, doexercisestostrengthen(strength) yourlegmuscles (肌肉)，avoidhills

2、andgetgoodrunningshoes.2Heencouraged (courage) metobeawriter (write) inthefuture.3Inthepastfewyears, Lucyhasformedthehabitofkeepingasupplyofcandlesincaseofapowerfailure (fail)4(2018银川一中模拟)Itisnatural (nature) thatyoungpeopleareoftenuncomfortable_ (comfort) whentheyarewiththeirparents.5(2018玉溪一中模拟)To

3、daysexperiencetaughtmesomevaluable (value) lessonsinmylife.6IlovechildrenverymuchbecauseIalwaysfeelthattheybringgreathappiness (happy) andexcitement (excite) tomylife.7IthinkwatchingTVeveryeveningisawasteoftime, becausetherearemoremeaningful (meaning) thingstodo.8Whatpointscanberaisedindefence (defe

4、nd) ofthisargument (argue)?【考点练悟】(单句改错请按照高考要求直接在原句上修改)1.Tomyhappy, shecouldcooksomedeliciousfoodforme.答案：Tomy，shecouldcooksomedeliciousfoodforme.2Iamsolucktohavesomefriendswhosharethesameinterestwithme.答案：Iamsotohavesomefriendswhosharethesameinterestwithme.3Asweknow, challengeasitwas, itwasverybenef

5、ittous.答案：Asweknow, challengeasitwas, itwasverytous.4Itreflectedtheirlackofconcernforthesafeofbothothersandthemselves.答案：Itreflectedtheirlackofconcernfortheofbothothersandthemselves.5Herdisappointinglookshowedthatshefailedtheexamagain.答案：Herlookshowedthatshefailedtheexamagain.6Werelivinginaworldwher

6、ewecanneverstresstheimportantofsharingtoomuch.答案：Werelivinginaworldwherewecanneverstresstheofsharingtoomuch.规律总结(一)前缀1表示否定意义的前缀(1)ununfortunate不幸的unable不能够的uncomfortable不舒服的(2)in(3)imimpolite不礼貌的imperfect不完美的impossible不可能的(4)ilillegal违法的illogical不合逻辑的inconvenient不方便的incorrect不正确的informal不正式的(5)irirr

7、egular不规则的irrelevant不相关的(6)nonnonviolent非暴力的nonprofit 非盈利的(7)disdislike不喜欢disapprove不赞成dishonest不诚实的disadvantage弊端，不利条件2.表示其他意义的常见前缀(1)en使enable使能够enrich使丰富enlarge扩大，使变大endanger危及(2)re再，又retell复述review复习reunite团聚(3)mis错误misunderstand误解mislead误导misread误读(4)pre在之前preview预习prereading读前prehistoric史前的(5)

8、fore在前面forehead前额foretell预言forecast预测，预报(6)inter在之间，互相international国际的interact互动interpersonal人际的(7)trans转变，变换translate翻译transport运输transform转变，改造 (二)后缀1形容词后缀(1)ywindy有风的lucky幸运的healthy健康的(2)lyfriendly友好的deadly致命的lively活泼的(3)alnatural自然的national国家的personal个人的(4)ive attractive吸引人的effective有效的impressiv

9、e印象深刻的(5)ic/icalhistoric有历史意义的energetic精力充沛的historical历史的(6)ousfamous著名的dangerous危险的mysterious神秘的(7)fulwonderful精彩的beautiful美丽的hopeful有希望的(8)lesscareless粗心的homeless无家可归的helpless无助的(9)ablecomfortable舒适的acceptable可接受的reasonable合乎情理的adaptable可适应的2.名词后缀(1)表示“人”的名词后缀ercleaner清洁工reporter记者employer雇主，老板ori

10、nventor发明家actor演员visitor游客istartist艺术家scientist科学家pianist钢琴家dentist牙科医生esshostess女主人waitress女服务员actress女演员ianmusician音乐家politician政治家historian历史学家 (2)表示其他意义的常见名词后缀thtruth真相strength力量，强项width宽度warmth温暖domfreedom自由boredom无聊，厌烦wisdom智慧mentdevelopment发展achievement成就amazement惊讶excitement兴奋nesshappiness幸福

11、weakness弱点kindness善良seriousness严重性，严肃性tion/sioncompetition竞争construction建设discussion讨论conclusion结论admission接纳，准许入学ance/enceimportance重要性appearance出现，相貌existence存在patience耐心confidence信心(t)ydifficulty困难loyalty忠诚cruelty残忍safety安全responsibility职责，责任alarrival到达approval赞成，批准survival幸存3.动词、副词后缀(1)enwiden加宽

12、deepen加深weaken削弱(2)izeapologize道歉emphasize强调memorize记住(3)lyslowly慢慢地happily高兴地extremely极其surprisingly令人惊讶地刷题组题型突破即时演练巩固复习成果授课提示：对应学生用书第31页.单句语法填空1(2018银川一中模拟)Thankfully (thank), Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend.2(2018南昌市十所省重点中学模拟)Thesightseeingoptionsareendless (end), butmostt

13、ravelersbeginontheharborattheSydneyOperaHouse.3(2018山东省高三下学期综合测试)Ronhadasuccessful (success) careerandworkedforFordbeforeretiringandleadingarelaxedlife.4Onlyinthiswaycantheygrowuptobeindependent (depend) andbecometrulysuccessful (success)5Myfirstimpression (impress) ofhimwasthathewasakindandthoughtf

14、ul (thought) youngman.6Agroupofrobbersenteredthebuildingusingequipment (equip) todigholesanddestroywallsonSundaynight.7Notknowinghowtooperatethecomputerisoneofthedisadvantages (advantage) infindingjobs.8Newsoftherobberiesfrightened (fright) manypeopleintofittingnewlockstotheirdoors.9Thehighschoolboy

15、sloveplayingbasketball, anditisauseful (use) waytoreleasetheirstudypressure (press)10Anyone, whetherheisanofficialorabusdriver (drive), shouldbeequally (equal) respected.单句改错(请按照高考要求直接在原句上修改)1Theydiveddeepintotheforestandfeltdeepfrightened.答案：Theydiveddeepintotheforestandfeltfrightened.2Shelookedanx

16、ious.Itseemsthatshehasbeeninvolvedinproperbusinessdeals.答案：Shelookedanxious.Itseemsthatshehasbeeninvolvedinbusinessdeals.3Personal, Idontlikehimatall, butitsstrangethatheshouldbesopopularamongthekids.答案：，Idontlikehimatall, butitsstrangethatheshouldbesopopularamongthekids.4Iwasntblaminganyone; Imeres

17、aiderrorslikethiscouldbeavoided.答案：Iwasntblaminganyone; Isaiderrorslikethiscouldbeavoided.5Thefiveyearsoldboycansingthesongverywell.答案：Theboycansingthesongverywell.6Inspiteofrepeatedwrongsdonetohim, helooksfriendtopeoplegreetinghim.答案：Inspiteofrepeatedwrongsdonetohim, helookstopeoplegreetinghim.7Imu

18、stbegettingfatIcanharddomytrousersup.答案：ImustbegettingfatIcandomytrousersup.8AustraliaisanEnglishspokencountry.答案：Australiaisancountry.9Weapologizedforanyconveniencecausedbythedelay.答案：Weapologizedforanycausedbythedelay.10Peoplewithdisabilitiesarenowdoingmanythingstorichtheirlives.答案：Peoplewithdisab

19、ilitiesarenowdoingmanythingstotheirlives.语法填空MoststudentsdoanIQtestearlyintheirschoolcareer.Eveniftheyneverseetheirresults，theyfeelthattheirIQis1._determineshowwelltheyaregoingtodoinlife.Whentheyseeother2._ (student) doingbetterthanthem，theyusuallybelievethatthosestudentshavea3._ (high) IQandthatthe

20、reisnothingtheycando4._ (change) facts.However，newresearchintoEQsuggeststhatsuccessisnot5._ (simple) theresultofahighIQ.WhileyourIQtellsyouhow6._ (intelligence) youare，yourEQtellsyouhowwellyouuseyourintelligence.ProfessorSalovery，7._inventedthetermEQ，givesthefollowingdescription：Atwork，itisEQ8._gets

21、youpromoted.9._ (support) byhisacademicresearch，ProfessorSaloverysuggeststhatwhenpredictingsomeonesfuturesuccess，theircharacter，10._measuredbyEQtests，mightactuallymattermorethantheirIQ.语篇解读文章介绍了智商和情商之间的关系。1解析：考查连接词。is后面是表语从句，从句中缺主语，需用what引导，故填what。答案：what2解析：考查名词单复数。student是可数名词，此处由other修饰应用复数形式，指“其

22、他的学生们”，故填students。答案：students3解析：考查形容词比较级。由句中的than可知此处用比较级表示那些有较高智商的人，故填higher。答案：higher4解析：考查不定式。此处用不定式表目的，指“他们没有办法改变事实”，故填tochange。答案：tochange5解析：考查副词。此处指“成功不仅仅是高智商的结果”，故填simply。答案：simply6解析：考查形容词。此处为“how形容词谓语”结构，用形容词，故填intelligent。答案：intelligent7解析：考查关系词。此空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是ProfessorSalovery，指人，故用关系

23、代词who。答案：who8解析：考查强调句。此处是强调句，结构为：Itis/was被强调部分that/who其他，句中被强调部分是EQ，故填that。答案：that9解析：考查过去分词。support与ProfessorSalovery之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用过去分词作状语，故填Supported。答案：Supported10解析：考查连词。此处指“正如被EQ测试测量的那样”，故填as。答案：as.短文改错Recently，afamousbasketballplayerhascausedpublicangrybywritingontheGreatWall.Inthefact，this

24、happensinmanyplaceofinterest.Ihadsomesuggestionstosolvethisproblem.First，makemoreposterstoinformthepublicthedamageofgraffiti (涂鸦)Besides，punishments，suchasafine，isnecessarytotouristswithsobadbehaviors.Also，Ithinkitshelpfullytoputupsomeboardsalongthetouristattractionsthattouristscanleavemessages.Imsu

25、rewithourefforts，moreandmorepeoplewillbecomeconcerningaboutprotectingculturalrelics.答案：Recently，afamousbasketballplayerhascausedpublicbywritingonGreatWall.Inthefact，thishappensinmanyofinterest.Isomesuggestionstosolvethisproblem.First，makemoreposterstoinformthepublicthedamageofgraffiti(涂鸦)Besides，pun

26、ishments，suchasafine，necessarytotouristswithbadbehaviors.Also，Ithinkitstoputupsomeboardsalongthetouristattractionstouristscanleavemessages.Imsurewithourefforts，moreandmorepeoplewillbecomeaboutprotectingculturalrelics.限时规范训练(一)“语法填空短文改错”组合练1(限时：30分钟)对应学生用书(单独成册)第105页题组一.语法填空Haveyoueverthoughtaboutthe

27、bestmealyouhaveevereaten? Formanypeople, itisntjustaboutthequalityofthefood；itsalsoaboutgreatmemoriesofaparticularvacationorthepersonitwasshared1._.Weasked100famouschefsfromaroundtheworld2._theirbestmealswere, andwegotsome3._ (interest) answers.Astheresearchersexpected,30%ofthechefs4._ (survey) said

28、thattheirbestmealasakidwasstillwhattheylikedthemostasanadult.20%5._ (consider) amealinafancyrestaurantasthebestoneintheirlives, andanother10%saidthatamealwhiletheywereonvacationwiththeirwife6._husbandwasthebestofalltime.15%saidthatasimplemealthattheyoftencookedathomeranked7._ (high) thananyothermeal

29、, andthesamenumbersaidthattheirbestdishwassomethingtheymadeattheplacewheretheyworked.8._ (surprising)，10%ofthesechefssaidthattheirfavoritemealoftheirentireliveswasatafastfoodrestaurant! Thesebest9._ (cook)intheworldwouldpickMcDonaldsorKFCiftheyhadthechoiceofwhat10._ (eat)语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。就什么是最佳美食，研究人员对世界上一百名著名的厨师做了调查，得到了许多非常有趣的答案。1解析：考查固定搭配。根据语境可知，最佳的美食不仅仅与食物的质量有关，还可能与某个特别假期的美好回忆或共同进餐的人有关。sharewith为固定搭配，意为“与分享”。答案：with2解析：考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作及物动词