阅读理解之猜词及选标题小题的答题技巧整理.docx
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阅读理解之猜词及选标题小题的答题技巧整理
阅读理解之猜词及选标题小题的答题技巧
一般说来，阅读理解中学生容易丢分的小题是猜词题，推导题及选标题这三个小题，而这也是区分学生阅读能力的标志性题目，也是拉开学生分数的主要地方之一。
怎样提高学生对这三个小题的得分一直是英语教师要思考的问题。
教师教会学生的阅读方法和策略很重要。
《初中英语新课程标准》中要求：
使学生养成良好的英语学习习惯和形成有效的学习策略是英语课程的重要任务之一。
教师要有意识地加强对学生学习策略的指导，让他们在学习和运用英语的过程中逐步学会如何学习。
这其中要求英语教师应做到：
引导学生结合语境，采用推测、查阅或询问等方法进行学习。
这说明对学生学习策略的指导是英语教师的教学任务之一。
一旦学生养成了良好的英语学习习惯及掌握了相关的学习策略，学生就可能突破这些难点习题，从而提高成绩。
除了常规的平时加强学生的阅读积累外，集中阶段性的课堂限时阅读训练是短时间内提高学生阅读能力和速度的有效方法。
当然这还需要教师如何引导学生阅读及精辟的讲解。
在平时的阅读教学中，教师除了要引导学生养成良好的阅读习惯外，对于课本中的一切阅读材料，可尝试设计出一定难度的猜词，推导及选标题题型及训练学生归纳阅读材料中部分段落的大意来体会作者的写作思路及目的，让学生逐步积累及提高自己的阅读能力。
对于复习备考，教师要注意引导学生积累课本上的生词特别是部分单词的多义现象如：
reach到达，与．．．．取得联系；lift电梯，抬高、托起，（云、雾、烟等）消失、消散；meet遇到、碰到、迎接，符合等,为学生做好猜词题打下基础。
在复习中，教师主要是如何引导学生结合语境或上下文来猜测生词、短语或句子的意思。
对于选标题题型，教师在引导学生阅读时通过掌握以下三问题来把握文章大意及理解作者的写作意图：
1、What’sthemainideaofthepassage?
2、Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
3、Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?
学生可根据阅读材料淘汰不符合文章的选项，针对剩下的选项再读短文找出短文中的相关语句来证明选项正确，从而选出正确的答案。
特别提醒学生注意短文的首尾段的相关提示。
在这个过程中，要告诫学生一定要仔细推敲不要轻易定答案。
阅读课上老师组织学生阅读，少讲或不讲，但学生读后老师应简评阅读理解题，分析文章中的难句、难段和中心大意，帮学生找到与正确答案相关的词、句、段落和有用的表达方式。
以下结合例题来讲解如何突破猜词题及选标题两类小题。
例一：
（原题号保留）
Itwasthelastdayofthefinalexaminationinacollege．Onthestepsofbuilding，agroupofengineeringstudentswerewaitingforthelastexam.Ontheirfaceswasconfidence．
Theyknewtheexamwouldbeeasy．Theprofessorhadsaidtheycouldbringanybooksornotesduringthetest.
Rightaftertheycameintotheclassroom.Theprofessorhandedoutthepapers．Therewereonlyfivequestionsonit.
Threehourspassed.Thentheprofessorbegantocollectthepapers．Thestudentsnolongerlookedconfident.Ontheirfaceswasnervousexpression．Theprofessorwatchedtheworriedfacesbeforehim，andthenasked,“Howmanyofyouhavecompletedallfivequestions?
”Nohandwasraised.“Howmanyofyouhaveansweredfour?
”Stillnohands.“Three？
Two?
”Thestudentsmovedrestlesslyintheirseats.“One，then？
Certainlysomebodyhasfinishedone.”Buttheclasskeptsilent.Theprofessorsaid,“ThatisexactlywhatIexpected.Ijustwanttomakeyouknowclearlythateventhoughyouhavecompletedfouryearsofengineering,therearestillmanythingsaboutthesubjectyoudon'tknow．Thesequestionsyoucouldnotanswerarecommonineverydaypractice.”Then,smiling,headded,“Youwillallpassthiscourse，youreducationhasjustbegun.”
Theyearshaveobscuredthenameofthisprofessor，butnotthelessonhetaught.
67.Theunderlinedword“obscured”means_________inthereading.
A.模糊B.回忆C.提醒D.改变
70.Whatisthebesttitleforthearticle？
A.SomeConfidentStudents．B.AnEngineeringExam.
C.AnInterestingProfessor.D.AnUnforgettableExam.
解题分析：
通过提问学生以上三个问题很容易让学生掌握本文的大意：
一群开始很自信的大学生参加毕业考试，但没有一人能完成全部五个习题。
而这正是教授所期待的结果。
教授通过这次考试告诉学生：
四年的大学学习任务虽已完成，但生活实践中的学习才刚刚开始。
这次考试学生虽然全部通过，但多年以后仍让作者记忆犹新（段尾得知）。
因此，不难得出第70小题的答案是D。
通过再次引导学生分析：
教授的姓名文本中没有提及，多年以后学生仍然记住的是当年的考试，而不是教授的姓名，即：
忘掉了教授的姓名。
故第67小题的答案是A。
例二：
“Everythinghappensforthebest,”mymothersaidwheneverthingsweren’tgoingmyway.“Don’tworry,onedayyourluckwillchange.”
Motherwasright,asIdiscoveredafterIhadfinishedmycollegeeducation.Ihaddecidedtotryforajobinradio.Oneday,Iwantedtohostasportsprogram.IwenttoChicagoandknockedonthedoorofeverystation.ButIgotturneddowneverytime.
Inonestation,akindladysaidmyproblemwasthatIhadn’tgotenoughexperience.“Getsomeworkwithasmallstationandworkyourwayup,”shesaid.
Iwentbackhome.Icouldn’tgetajobthere,either.Thenmydadtoldmeabusinessmanhadopenedastoreandneededsomeonetohelphim.Butagain,Ididn’tgetthejob.
Ifeltreallydown.“Yourluckwillchange,”Momsaidtome.Dadlentmethecartohelpmetolookformyjob.ItriedanotherradiostationinIowa.Buttheowner,aniceman,toldmehehadalreadyhadsomeone.
AsIlefthisoffice,Iasked,“Howcansomeonebeasportsannouncer（播音员）ifhecan’tgetajobinaradiostation?
”
IwaswaitingfortheliftwhenIheardthemancall.“Whatdidyoumean?
Doyouknowanythingaboutfootball?
”HeputmeinfrontofamicrophoneandaskedmetotrytoimaginethatIwasgivingmyopiniononafootballgame,Isucceeded.
Onmywayhome,Mom’swordscamebacktome,“Onedayyourluckwillchange,son.Andwhenithappens,it’llfeeldoublygoodbecauseofallthehardworkyou’vehad.”AtthatmomentIknewwhatjustshemeant.
58.Theunderlinedsentence“ButIgotturneddowneverytime”means__________.
A.ButIwasrefusedeverytimeB.ButIwassuccessfuleverytime
C.ButIlostmywayeverytimeD.Butthedoorofeverystationwasalwaysclosed
60.Thebesttitleofthispassageis_______.
A.Mother’sWordsB.EverythingHappensForTheBest
C.NoOneIsAlwaysLuckyD.ASportsAnnouncer
解题分析：
同样教师通过提问学生以上三个问题让学生知晓本文的大意：
作者想在广播站找一份体育主持人的工作但屡屡碰壁，最后凭借妈妈一次次的鼓励的话让作者终于如愿以成。
故根据短文的大意及上下文的提示不难得出第58小题的答案是A；再根据短文首尾段的提示，是妈妈的话让作者在失败后终于成功地找到了工作。
故第60小题的答案应是A。
请根据以上例题的解题分析完成以下三篇短文的相关小题。
A
Forlong,alittleboywaswonderingwhyhisnext-desk-palcouldgetfirstintheclasswheneverhewantedto,buthehimselffailedto:
heonlyranked21st.
Athome,heaskedhisMom,“Mom,amImorestupidthanothers?
”Hearingthewords,Momwentwordless,notknowinghowtoexplain.
Inanothertest,thesonranked17th,whilehispalremainedfirst.Backhome,heraisedthesamequestion.
Howtoanswerherson’squestion?
Thereweretimesshefoundsimpleexcuses,“Youaretoolazy.Youarenot…”butshestopped.Shethoughtitwascruel（残忍）tohissonwhowassufferingfromthepainsofunsatisfiedgradesandrankings.Andshewastryingtofindoutaperfectanswer.
Timepassedby,thesonfinishedprimaryschool.Thoughstudyingharderandbetter,hewasstillunabletokeepupwithhispal.Toshowherprideofhim,Momdecidedtotakehimtothesea.Duringthetrip,shemanagedtogiveoutananswer.
Now,thesonnolongerworriesabouthisrankings,because,withthefirstranking,heisacceptedbyTsinghuaUniversity.Hewasinvitedtoaddressthestudentsandparentsinhishighschool.Inthespeech,hementionedanvaluableexperienceinhischildhood,“…WhenmymotherandIwaslyingonthebeach,shepointedtothefrontandsaid,‘Doyouseetheseabirdslookingforfoodoverthere?
Whenthewavescomenear,littlebirdscanrisequicklywhile“clumsy（笨拙的）”sea-gulls（海鸥）wouldtakemoretimetoflyintothesky.However,haveyounoticedbirdsthatfinallyflyacrosstheendlessoceanare“clumsy”sea-gulls,notlittlebirds.’”
Themovingspeechmademanymotherspresentintotears,includinghismother.
（）1.Theunderlinedword“address”istheclosestinmeaningto________.
A.giveatalkB.findaplaceC.haveashowD.teachalesson
（）2.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?
A.Son’sQuestionB.SeagullsC.MovingSpeechD.APerfectAnswer
B
PerhapstheonlytestscorethatIrememberisthe55whenIwasinhighschool.
Thetestwasthefinalforacourse.IrememberwaitinganxiouslyasmyteacherMr.Right passedoutourpapersonebyone.Itwasaratherdifficulttest.Iheardmyclassmatesgroaning, andIcouldtellbythegroansthatthescoresweren’tlookinggood.
Mr.Rightputmypaperonmydesk.Thereinbigrednumbers,circledtodrawattention,wasmyscore,55!
Iloweredmyhead,andcoveredthescoreupquickly.A55isnotsomethingthatyouwanted yourclassmatestosee.“Thescoreswerenotverygood,noneofyoupassed,”Mr.Rightsaid. “Thehighestscoreintheclasswasa55.”
A55.That’sme!
Suddenlymysadlookdidn’tlooksobad.Ihadthehighestscore.Ifeltalotbetter.
Iwalkedhomealonethatdaywiththelowbuthighscore.MyfatherknewthatIhadabigtestthatdayandaskedmeassoonasIgothome, “Howdidyoudoinyourtest？
”“Imadea55,”I said.
Afrown（皱眉）nowstoodonmyfather’sface.IknewIhadtoexplainimmediately.“ButDad,Ihadthehighestscoreintheclass,”Iproudlystated.Ithoughtthatexplanationwouldmakeadifference.“Youfailed!
”myfatherreplied.“Butit’sthehighest!
”Iinsisted.“Idon’tcarewhat scoresothershad,butyoufailed.Whatmattersiswhatyoudo!
”myfatherfirmlysaid.
Foryears,myfatherwasalwaysthatway.Itdidn’tmatterwhatothersdid,itonlymatteredwhatIdidandthatIdiditexcellently.
Weoftendon’tunderstandthewisdom（智慧）ofgoodparentsuntilweourselvesstandinthe parents’shoes.Myfather’swordshavecarriedmethroughoutlife.
（）1.Thewordgroaningistheclosestinmeaningto _____.
A. singing B. laughingC. complaining D. quarreling
（）2.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage？
A. TheFinalTest B. That’sMe!
C. MystrictTeacher D. Scores,Important？
C
Roberthadjustmovedintothestreetandhefeltstrangethathewasnotwanted.Heknewthatperhapstheotherboysweretryingtogetanideaofwhatkindofaboyhewas.Thisdidnothelptomakehimlesslonely.Hewasnewandhehadtobetested.Still,proving（证明）himselfwouldnotbeallthateasy.Hedidnotwanttorunwithbadboysorgetintosomethingagainstthelaw（法律）toprovehewasstrong.NO!
Hemustshowwhathewasmadeofinamorehelpfulway.That’swhenhegottheidea.ThenextdaywasSaturday.HeknewthatmostoftheboyswouldbedownontheplaygroundandchooseupsidesfortheSaturdaygame.Robertknewhecouldplaywellandthatjustmightbeenoughtoprovehewasstrong—andtomakefriendswiththem.Hearrivedearlyanddidhisstepexercises.Hethrewtheballseveraltimesanddidsomeotherexercises---themostdifficultandmostwonderfulinbasketball.Thentheboyscame.Robertwentthroughwhathedonebeforethegameandshowedwhathecoulddo.Noonesaidaword.Theboysjustlookedateachotherandthoughtaboutit.Intheend,whenthegamewasallover
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