航海词汇英文.docx

航海词汇英文.docx

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航海词汇英文

A

Actualdepth;thetruedepthofwaterasopposedtoapredicteddepth.Tidalheightfromtableaddedtothecharteddepth.

Almanac;anannualpublicationcontainingTideTablesastronomicalephemeralsetc.

Altitude;theangulardistanceofacelestialbodyabovetheviewershorizon.

AnabaticWinds;causedbywarmairrisingupaslopetobereplacedbycoolerair,asopposedtokabatic,descendingwinds.

Apparentwind;thewindasfeltonboard,thiswillbetheactualwindmodifiedbythewindcreatedbythevesselsmovement.

Aries;theconstellationoftheRamintheNorthernCelestialHemisphere,seealso,FirstPointofAries.

Astrolabe;aninstrumentusedtodeterminethealtitudeofcelestialobjectsbeforetheintroductionofthesextant.ThefirstrecordedusebyGreekastronomersinaround200.

Azimuth;thehorizontalangulardistancefromareferencepositiontoacelestialbody,usuallymeasuredclockwiseindegreesfromthedirectionofthenearestpole.

BNavigationTerms.

Barometer;aninstrumentformeasuringatmosphericpressure.

BarometricGradient;therateatwhichatmosphericpressurerisesoffalls.

BarsHarborBar.

Beacon;anunlitnavigationmark.

Bearing;thecompassreadingtakenofaobjectinrelationtotheobserver.

BeaufortScale;anumericalmethodofdescribingwindstrength.

Body;acelestialobject.

BuoyageMarksandSystems;

CNavigationTerms.

Cape;apieceoflandthatthatprojectsoutintoalargebodyofwater.

CardinalMarks;buoyagemarksindicatingthedirectionofsafewaterwithreferencetothecardinalpoints.

CardinalPoints;thefourmainpointsofthecompass,North,East,SouthandWest.

Cartography;thestudyandtheconstructionofmaps.

Cartographer;amapmaker.

CCorCompassCourse;thecoursetosteerwhichhasbeencorrectedforcurrent,variation,anddeviation.

Celestialnavigation;amethodofnavigatingbyreferringtothestarsorotherobjectsinthesky.

Celestialsphere;animaginaryspherewiththeearthatitscenter,onwhosesurfacethestars,planetsandotherheavenlybodiesappeartobesituated.

Characteristics;thedistinctivepatternofflashesusedtoidentifyalight.

Chartdatum;thereferencelevelonchartstowhichtidalheightsarereferred.

Charteddepth;thedepthshownonthechartforaparticularpointontheseabed.

Chronometer;averyaccurateclockorwatchthatisusedfordeterminingone'slongitudeatsea

Circumnavigate;totravelaroundtheentireEarth.

Civiltwilight;timesgiveninthealmanac,forlistedlatitudesforapproximatelythebesttimetotakeamorningoreveningsight,whenboththehorizonandtheheavenlybodiesarevisible.

CMG;theCourseMadeGoodisthecourseovertheground.

Cockedhat;atriangleformedbyaseriesofthreeLOPswhichdonotmeetatanexactpoint.

COLREGS;theinternationalrulesforpreventofcollisionsatsea.

Compass;adevicethatalwayspointstowardsmagneticnorth,usedfornavigation.

CompassRose;isadesignonachartthatshowsdirection.Itpointswhichwayisnorth,south,east,west,andsomeintermediatedirections.

Constellations;Stargroups.

Conversiontables;usedtoconvertunitsofonesystemtounitsinanother.

Copernicus;1473-1543,PolishastronomercreditedwithdisprovingthePtolemaicSystem.

Course;thedirectioninwhichavesselisheadingorisintendedtobesteered,thedirectionthroughthewater.

Coursemadegood;thedirectioninwhichthevesselisactuallytravelingasopposedtothedirectioninwhichitispointing.Corrections;alterationsmadetochartstoupdatenavigationalinformation.

Crossbearing;usingLOPsfromseveralnavigationalaidsormarkstoobtainapositionfix.

Crux;theSouthernCrossaconstellationseeninthesouthernhemisphere.

DNavigationTerms.

Deadreckoning;determiningapositionbyplottingcoursesandspeedsfromaknownposition.

Declination;theangulardistancetoapointonthecelestialspheremeasurednorthandsouthfromthecelestialequatoralongthehourcircle.

Deviation;thecompasserrorscausedbymetallicomagneticobjectsonboardthevessel.

Dip;acorrectiontobeappliedtosextantattitudestocompensateforheightofeyeabovesealevel.

Doldrums;theInter-tropicalConvergenceZone（orITCZ）abeltofverystillairbetween5degreesnorthand5degreessouthoftheequator.

Drift;thespeedinknotsoftheeffectofcurrentortideonavessel'sprogress.

Dryingheight;theheightabovechartdatum,onachart,ofanyareaswhichareuncoveredatlowwater.

Durationoftide;thetimebetweenhighanlowwater,normallyjustover6hours.

ENavigationTerms.

Ebb;out-flowingtide.

ElectroniclogsorElogbooks;amethodofstandardisingthekeepingoflogsdigitallyoncommercialvessels.

Electroniccharts;therearetwodifferenttypesseeVectorchartsandRastermarinecharts.

ENT;,EveningNauticalTwilight.

EP;EstimatedPosition,theDRplustheeffectsofcurrent.

Ephemerals;apublishedcollectionoftablesgivingcoordinatesforastronomicalbodiesforspecifictimes.

EstimatedPosition;aDRpositionwhichhasbeenadjustedtoallowforSetandDrift.

ETA;estimatedtimeofarrival.

Equator;animaginarycirclearoundtheearth,halfwaybetweenthenorthandsouthpoles.

FNavigationTerms.

Fathom;anoldfashionedunitofmeasurementtomeasuredepth,approximatelyequalto6feetormeters.

Flood;incomingtide.

FirstPointofAries;apointonthecelestialspherewhichisusedasareferencepoint,itisinfactwherethe‘Ecliptic’andtheCelestialEquatorcross.

Fix;apositionverifiedbyreferencetobearingstakeoffaknownpointsuchasaconspicuouslandmark.

Flotsam;thefloatingdebrisresultingfromashipwreck.

ForecastingTerms;usedtoconveyspecific,concise,informationonweatherconditions.

GNavigationTerms.

GatesTidal.

GeographicalPositionorGP;incelestialnavigationitisthepointontheearthssurfacedirectlybeneaththeZenith,andthebitofthesurfaceyouarestandingonisyourbody’sGeographicalPositionorGP.

GHA,GreenwichHourAngle;themeasurementofaposition,indegrees,westwardfromtheGreenwichmeridian.Readmore

GMT,GreenwichMeanTime;nowreferredtoasUTC,CoordinatedUniversalTime,orUT,itisthemeanofthetimesofnoonattheGreenwichMeridian.

GPS,GlobalPositioningSystem;asystemwhichusesinformationbroadcastfromorbitingsatellitestocalculatethelongitudeandlatitudeofareceivingdevice.

Greenwichmeridian;thePrimeMeridianitisthe0°longitudeline,itisreferredtoastheGreenwichMeridianbecauseitpassesthroughtheRoyalObservatoryatGreenwichintheUK.

Gyrocompass;anonmagnetictypeofcompass.

HNavigationTerms.

HarborBars

Handheld,Compass;asmallportablecompass.

Heading;thedirectioninwhichavesselispointing,asopposedtothecoursemadegood.

HE,HeightofEye;theheightofasextantuser’seyeabovesealevel,neededtoaddasacorrectiontoasitereduction.

Heightoftide;afiguretakenfromthetidetablesindicatingthedepthofwaterabovethechartdatum.

Horizon;theapparentline,foranobserverwheretheearth’ssurfaceandtheskymeet.AlsoacircleformedonthecelestialspherebyaplanetangenttoapointontheEarth'ssurface.

HorizonGlass;orHorizonMirrorhalfclearglasshalfmirror,onasextantitallowstheobservertoviewthehorizonatthesametimeasareflectionofwhateverisshowingintheIndexMirror.Readmore:

HorseLatitudes;SeeDoldrumsandITCZ.

INavigationTerms.

internationallyrecognisedsystemsofbuoyage

Indexmirror;themirrorattheapexofasextantframewhichpivotswiththeindexarm.

Intercept;wheretwoormorelinessuchasLOPscross.

InternationalDateLine;theimaginarylineinthePacificOceanatwhichthedatechanges.Thislinevariesfromthe180⁰meridiantoavoidpopulatedlandareas.

Internationalmarinesignalflags;asystemofflagshapesanddesignesusedtocommunicatemessagesatsea.

InterpolationTables;almanactablestoestimatevaluebetweenthetabulatedresults.

ITCZ,IntertropicalConvergenceZone;thevaryingareaofnormallystillairlyingapproximatelybetween5⁰northandsouthoftheequator.

IsolatedDangerMark;buoyagemarksindicatingahazard,asuchasawreckdirectlybelowthemark,

Jnavigationterms.

Jetsam;areobjectsthathavebeenthrownoverboardfromavessel,originallystuffjettisonedbyashipwhichwasintrouble.

Knavigationterms.

Knot,（Kts.）;aunitofspeed,nauticalmilesperhour.

Lnavigationterms.

Landfall;theapproachtoorsightingoflandafteranoceanpassage.

LateralMarks;buoyageindicatingtheedgeofasafewaterchannel.

Latitude;theangulardistancenorthorsouthfromtheequatorontheearthsurface.

LeadinglightsorRangeLights;apairoflightsdeliberatelyplacedtoprovideatransitalonganarrowchannel.

LeadingorRangemarks;transitmarkers.

Leeway;sidewaysmovementofavesselusuallycausedbythewind.

Limb;whentakingasunormoonsightitisdifficulttoguesswherethecenterissotheobserveralignseitherthetopedge（UpperLimb）ormoreusuallythebottomedge（LowerLimb）oftheobjectontothehorizon.Thesightisthencorrectedusingtheappropriatecorrectiontables.

LineOfPosition,LOP;alinedrawnonachartonwhichthepositionofthevesselmustlie.Thelinededucedfromeitheracompassbearingofamarkorasightreduction.Aminimumoftwoorpreferablymorearenecessarytoestablishafix.

LocalNoon;thetimewhenthesunreachesitshighestaltitudeatyourpositionandisdirectlynorthorsouthofyou.itwillthenbeatyourZenithanditsGHAwillcorrespondtoyourlongitude.

Localti