完整word版专业学位硕士研究生英语教程05.docx

完整word版专业学位硕士研究生英语教程05.docx

《完整word版专业学位硕士研究生英语教程05.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《完整word版专业学位硕士研究生英语教程05.docx（19页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

完整word版专业学位硕士研究生英语教程05

unit5

（name名称—〉）Naming取名字的学问

Preview

IThasbeenwellestablishedthatweliveinanageofobsessive,evencompetitive,parenting.Thetypicalparentisledtobelievethathereverymovewillgreatlyinfluenceherchild’sfutureaccomplishments.Thisbeliefexpressesitselfinthefirstofficialactaparentcommits:

givingthebabyaname。

Manyparentsseemtothinkthatachildwillnotprosperunlessitishitchedtotherightone;namesareseentocarrygreataestheticandevenpredictivepowers.Ifyouhavekids，you’veprobablythoughthardabouthowtonameyourchild。

Shouldyouchoosea"special"kindofname,orratheraverytrendyorwell—knownone?

PartI。

TextReading

Warm-up

I.Whatisagoodname？

Doyoubelieveaperson’snameisveryimportantorevendecisiveinone’slife，andaso—calledgoodnamecanbringonegoodfortune？

Workinpairstodecidewhatelementsgoodnamesshouldhave。

Agoodnamemustbe:

plain/unusuallyspelled/attractive/complicated/

withaspecialmeaning/easytoremember/easytopronounce/thesameasacelebrity's/trendy/unique/grotesque/interesting/funny/

（orothers）__________________________________________

II.Popularnamesinthefuture.

ThefollowingaresomemostpopularEnglishnamesinthenearfuture,andtheirimpliedmeanings。

Pleasetrytomatchthecorrespondingmeaningtoeachname.

NameMeaning

Alexandraabird

Ataraspringtime

Avawisdom

Avivalight

Clementineprotectorofmankind

Ellamerciful

Emmaacrown

Hannahbeautifulfairywoman

Laurenuniversal,allembracing

Luciennelaurelleaves，honour

MaevegraceofGod

Rachelgoddess,apurpleflower

Sophielittlelamb

III。

Doyoubelievethatnamesrevealcertainculturalbackgrounds？

Ifso,pleasegivesomeexamples。

WouldaRoshandabyAnyOtherNameSmell（sound）asSweet（pleasant）?

1

StevenD。

LevittandStephenJ。

Dubner

［1］（Believeitornot）Obsessiveornot，anyparentwantstobelievethatsheismakingabigdifference（起很大的作用）inthekindofpersonherchildturnsout（provetobe）tobe。

Otherwise,whybother（tochooseagoodnameforherchild）？

[2]Thebeliefinparentalpowerismanifest（shown）inthefirstofficialact（法案）aparentcommits（does）:

givingthebabyaname.Asanymodernparentknows,thebaby—namingindustry（行业）isbooming,as［asevidence->asevident）evidencedbyaproliferation（increasing增殖）ofbooks，websites，andbaby-nameconsultants（顾问）。

Manyparentsseemtobelievethatachildcannotprosper（=succeed）unlessit（=baby）ishitchedto（isconnectedwith）theright（proper）name;namesareseen（considered）tocarrygreataestheticorevenpredictive（预示）powers（=ability）。

［3]Thismightexplainwhy，in1958,aNewYorkCitymannamedRobertLanedecidedtocallhisbabysonWinner.TheLanes,wholivedina（hose:

n。

/vt。

）housingproject（安居房）inHarlem2，alreadyhadseveralchildren,eachwithafairly（very）typicalname.Butthisboy--well，RobertLaneapparently（clearly）hadaspecialfeeling（感觉很特别）aboutthisone。

WinnerLane：

howcouldhefailwithanamelikethat?

[4］Threeyearslater，theLaneshadanotherbabyboy,theirseventhandlastchild。

Forreasonsthatnoone（noboby）canquitepindown（explain）today，RobertdecidedtonamethisboyLoser。

Itdoesn'tappear（seem）thatRobertwasunhappyabout（hate）thenewbaby;hejustseemedtogetakickoutofthename'sbookendeffect。

3（enduringeffect深远影响；end=final）FirstaWinner，nowaLoser。

ButifWinnerLanecouldhardlybeexpectedtofail,couldLoserLanepossiblysucceed？

［5]LoserLanedidinfactsucceed。

Hewenttoprepschool（学前班）onascholarship（奖学金）,graduatedfromLafayetteCollegeinPennsylvania，andjoinedtheNewYorkPoliceDepartment（thiswashismother'slongtimewish夙愿）,wherehemade（=become）detectiveand,eventually（finally）,sergeant（警长）。

Althoughhenever（hide—〉）hidhisname，manypeoplewereuncomfortable（whentheywere）usingit.”So（Therefore）Ihaveabunchofnames，"hesaystoday,”fromJimmytoJamestowhatevertheywanttocallyou。

Timmy.Buttheyrarely（seldom）callyou（me）Loser.”Onceinawhile（=Occasionally），hesaid,"theythrowaFrenchtwistonit：

Losier（—〉Luo）’.’'4Tohispolicecolleagues，heisknownasLou.

［6］Andwhatof（Whathappenedto）hisbrotherwiththecan't-miss（万无一失的）name?

Themostnoteworthy（=worth—mentioning）achievementofWinnerLane，nowinhismidforties，isthesheer（only）（long）lengthofhiscriminalrecord：

nearly（almost）threedozenarrestsforburglary,domestic（violent—〉）violence（家庭暴力）,（tres-:

across）trespassing（crime），resistingarrest（拒捕）,andothermayhem（故意的伤害罪）。

[Havestoppedbeatingyourwife?

Howlonghaveyoubeenapartymember?

]

［7］Thesedays（Atpresent/Nowadays）,LoserandWinnerbarely（hardly）speak.Thefatherwhonamedthemisnolonger（不再）alive（〈-〉livingthings）。

Clearly（Obviously）hehadtheright（correct）idea--thatnaming（命名）isdestiny（fate-〉destination目的地）命运—-buthemusthavegottentheboysmixedup。

5

[8]ThenthereistherecentcaseofTemptress（awomanwhotemptssb。

tohavesex）,afifteen—year—oldgirlwhosemisdeedslanded［

（1）飞机降落

（2）登陆；（3）getanorder;（4）belistedonanewspaper]herinAlbanyCountyFamilyCourtinNewYork。

Thejudge,W。

DennisDuggan，hadlongtakennoteof（hadnoticed）thestrangenames（bear—〉）borne（带上—〉born）bysomeoffenders（criminals）.Oneteenageboy，Amcher,hadbeennamedforthefirstthinghisparentssawuponreaching（assoonas）thehospital:

thesign（symbol）forAlbanyMedicalCenterHospitalEmergencyRoom.ButDugganconsideredTemptressthemostoutrageous（unusual）namehehadcomeacross（met/hadseen）.

［9］”IsentheroutofthecourtroomsoIcouldtalktohermotheraboutwhyshenamedherdaughterTemptress,"thejudgelaterrecalled（remembered）."ShesaidshewaswatchingTheCosbyShowandlikedtheyoungactress.Itoldhertheactress'snamewasactuallyTempesttBled—soe。

Shesaidshefoundthatoutlater，thattheyhad（mis-:

wrong）misspelledthename。

Iaskedherif（whether是否#weather天气）sheknewwhat’temptress’meant,andshesaidshealsofoundthatout（discover）atsomelaterpoint.Herdaughterwaschargedwith（accusesb。

ofsth.指控某人犯某罪）ungovernable（不受管束/放荡不羁）behavior，whichincludedbringingmenintothehomewhilethemotherwasatwork.Iaskedthemotherifshehadever（曾经）thoughtthedaughterwaslivingout（=realizing兑现）hername.6Mostallofthiswentcompletelyover（beyondthereachofsb。

超出理解力）herhead。

7'"

[10］Asithappens（事实上）,LoserandWinnerandTemptresswereallblack.Isthisfactmerely（only）a（curious-〉）curiosity（sth.strange/unusual）or（=otherwise）doesithavesomething（cause）larger（moreimportant/greater）tosayaboutnamesandculture?

［11］Everygenerationseemstoproduceafewmarquee（大帐篷，华盖；great/important）academics（scholars）whoadvance（promote）thethinking（meditate）onblackculture.RolandG.FryerJr.（theSenior<—>theJunior-〉Jr.），theyoungblackeconomistwhoanalyzedthe”actingwhite”（模仿人）phenomenonandtheblack—whitetestscoregap，maybeamongthenext（topic）.

[12］Inadditionto（=Besides）economicandsocialdisparity（gap）betweenblacksandwhites，Fryerhadbecomeintrigued（bearousedinterestby）bythevirtual（actual）segregationofculture（geographicdialect<-〉socialdialect）。

Blacksandwhiteswatchdifferenttelevisionshows。

Theysmokedifferentcigarettes.Andblackparentsgivetheirchildrennamesthatarestarkly（greatly）differentfromwhitechildren’s。

[13］Whatkindofparentismostlikely（possible）togiveachildsuchadistinctively（different）blackname?

The（datum—〉）data（information）offer（give/provide）aclearanswer：

anunmarried,low-income，undereducatedteenagemotherfromablackneighborhoodwhohasadistinctivelyblacknameherself。

InFryer'sview，givingachildasuperblack（typical）nameisablackparent'ssignal（symbol）ofsolidaritywith（isolatefrom）thecommunity（society）.”IfIstartnamingmykidMadison,”hesays，”youmightthink，'Oh,youwanttogoliveacrosstherailroadtracks8（想超越黑白界限/想出人头地）,don’tyou？

"Ifblackkidswhostudycalculusandballetarethoughttobe”actingwhite（想做白人）,"Fryersays,thenmotherswhocalltheirbabiesShanicearesimply”actingblack（表明自己是黑人）.”

［14]Sohowdoesitmatter（vi。

重要）ifyouhaveaverywhitenameoraveryblackname?

Overtheyears（=Inthelongrun），aseriesof”audit（interview面试/试听）studies"havetriedtomeasure（examine）howpeopleperceive（interpret/understand/explain）differentnames。

Inatypicalauditstudy，aresearcherwouldsendtwoidentical（same）（andfake）resumes，onewithatraditionallywhitenameandtheotherwithan（migrate—>immigrate->）immigrant（<->emigrate—〉emigrant）immigrantorminority—soundingname,topotentialemployers.The"white"resumeshavealwaysgleaned（received;toobtaininformation，knowledgeetc，sometimeswithdifficultyandoftenfromvariousdifferentplaces）morejobinterviews.

Notes

1.Thisarticleisfrom（Freak：

adj。

奇异的，反常的，Freako-;nom（Latin）:

name;nomics）Freakonomics（取名字的学问），writtenbyStevenD。

LevittandStephenJ.Dubner.Itisfirstandforemost（most）aninterestingbook.Thepremise（前提）istotakethetoolsofeconomics-（rigor活力->）rigorousstatistical（统计学的）（analyze分析—〉）analysisof［volume：

（1）体积/音量；

（2）一卷一册-〉］voluminous（datum->）data（information）——andapplythemtotopicsbeyondtherange（范围）normally（usually）addressed（discussed）byeconomists.Theresultsare，ofcourse，interesting。

Interestingenoughtoputthebooktothebest—seller（畅销书）listandmakeitatopicofmanydiscussions。

Thefinalchapter（章节）ofthisbookexaminestheinfluence（影响）ofnamesonlife