北京中考16区一模英语CD阅读汇编.docx

北京中考16区一模英语CD阅读汇编.docx

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北京中考16区一模英语CD阅读汇编

2015（13区）初三一模英语---阅读汇编C,D篇

1.【朝阳】

C

Wheredidthatnumbercomefrom?

ElevenandTwelve

ThereasonbehindthechangeinnumbernamingisthatelevencomesfromtheGermantermainlif,whichtranslatesto“oneleft”.Twelvefollowsthesamerule.Itcomesfromtwalif—“twoleft”.Whyteenisusedinsteadofliffor13through19?

Thereissomethingsadlylostinhistory.

911forUSEmergency（急救）Calls

Earlyphonesdidn’tusephonenumbers—theoperatorhadtoconnectyourcallbyhand—andthisledtotheneedforanemergencycode（信号）.Butlaterphonenumbersbecamepopular,thatchanged.In1967,911waschosenasthenationwideemergencycallbecauseitwaseasytorememberandcouldbequicklydialed（拨）onthephone.

26.2MilesinaMarathon（马拉松）

ThestorybeganwithanancientGreeksoldiercarryingmessagefromabattlefield（战场）inMarathontoAthens.ThemodernmarathonwasbornasaflagshipeventinthefirstOlympicGames,in1896,withadistance（距离）ofabout25miles（40km）,aslongasthedistancefromMarathontoAthens.Butraceorganizersforthe1908OlympicGamesinLondonwantedtoaddsomethingspecial.TheracebeganatWindsorCastleandendedatWhiteCityStadium,withrunnersfinishingonlyafterpassingtheroyal（皇室的）box.Thedistancewas26.2miles（42.1km）.Andsince1924thisdistancehasbeenkeptinmarathon.

28DaysinFebruary

BeforeusingtheGregoriancalendarthatweusetoday,oneofthefirstRomancalendarshadonly304daysandtenmonths（MarchthroughDecember）,withsixmonthsof30daysandfourof31days.ThesecondkingofRomeimprovedtheoldcalendar.Headded50daysforJanuaryandFebruary.Tomakethenewmonthslonger,hetookonedayfromeachofthe30-daymonths,making56daystodividebetweenJanuaryandFebruary（or28dayseach）.LaterJanuarywasgivenonemoredaytoaddupto355daysayear,butFebruarystillhad28days.That’showitbecametheshortestmonthanditstayedthatwayeversince.

48.Whichlanguagedoelevenandtwelvecomefrom?

A.English.B.German.C.French.D.Russian.

49.Whenwasthenumber911chosenforUSemergencycalls?

A.In1896.B.In1908.C.In1924.D.In1967.

50.ThemarathondistancewasmadelongeratLondonOlympicGamesbecause______.

A.theBritishwasalittleweakinmaths

B.theBritishdidn’tliketheGreekstory

C.theBritishlovedtheroyalfamilyverymuch

D.theBritishwantedtomaketheracedifferent

51.Howmanydayswerethereineachmonthafterthekingimprovedtheoldcalendar?

A.28,29or31.B.28,30or31.C.28,29or30.D.29,30or31.

D

“Theworldhasneverbeenabetterplacetolivein”sayssciencewriterMattRidley,“anditwillkeepongettingbetter.”ReadontoseehowRidleymakeshiscase.Rightorwrong?

Youdecide.

Comparedwith50yearsago,whenIwasjustfouryearsold,peoplenowmakenearlythreetimesasmuchmoney,eatonethirdmorefoodandexpecttoliveonethirdlonger.Infact,it’shardtofindanyareasoftheworldthat’sworseoffnowthanitwasthen,eventhoughtheworldpopulationhasmorethandoubledoverthatperiod.

Onereasonwearericher,healthier,taller,cleverer,longer-livedandfreerthaneverbeforeisthatthefourmostbasichumanneeds—food,clothing,fuelandshelter—havegrownmuchcheaper.Takeoneexample:

In1800,acandleprovidingonehour’slightcostsixhours’work.Inthe1880s,thesamelightfromalamptook15minutes’worktopayfor.In1950,itwaseightseconds.Today,it’shalfasecond.Intheseterms,weare43,200timesbetteroffthanin1800.

IntheUnitedStates,rivers,lakes,seasandairaregettingcleanerallthetime.Acartodayproduceslesspollutiontravelingatfullspeedthanaparkedcardidfromleaks（泄漏）in1970.

Althoughtheworldpopulationisgrowing,therate（率）ofincreasehasbeenfallingfor50years.Acrosstheworld,nationalbirthratesarelowernowthanin1960,andinthelessdevelopedworld,thebirthratehasalmosthalved.AccordingtoaresearchreportfromtheUnitedNations,populationwillstartfallingonceitreaches9.2billionin2075.Afterall,therearealreadysevenbillionpeopleonearth,andtheyareeatingbetterandbetter.

In1970s,therewere550billionbarrels（桶）ofoilreserves（储存）intheworld,andinthe20yearsthatfollowedtheworldusedup600billion.Soby1990,reservesshouldhavebeenoverusedby50billionbarrels.Instead,itisreportedthereare900billiontoday.Theywilllastformanyyearsandpeoplewillfindsomethinginplaceofoillongbeforetheyrunout.

Themorewedevelop,themorewecandevelop.Themoreweinvent,themoreinventionsbecomepossible.For200years,pessimists（peoplewhobelievethatterriblethingswillhappeninfuture）havehadalltheheadlines—eventhoughoptimistshavefarmoreoftenbeenright.Therearesomereasonsforpessimists.Nocharity（慈善机构）everraisedmoneybysayingthingsaregettingbetter.Nojournalistevergotthefrontpagewritingastoryabouthowterriblethingswon’thappen.Don’tbeapessimist—daretobeanoptimist!

52.Today,providingonehour’slightcosts______.

A.6hours’workB.15minutes’workC.8seconds’workD.0.5second’swork

53.Whichofthefollowingistrue,accordingtothepassage?

A.Thingsweusedtoneedweremuchcheaperthantheyaretoday.

B.Thepollutiontodayismuchmoreseriousthanitwaslongago.

C.Populationproblemhasnearlymadetheworldstopdeveloping.

D.It’snotnecessarytobeworriedaboutoilreservesintheworld.

54.Whatdoestheword“optimists”inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Peoplewhoarebraveenoughtofaceanythingterrible.

B.Peoplewhocanalwaystellgoodthingsfrombadones.

C.Peoplewhohavehopefulandhappyfeelingsaboutlife.

D.Peoplewhodon’teasilybelievewhatthey’retoldabout.

55.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.NeverGiveUpB.CheerUp

C.Don’tBeSadD.ThinkOut

2.【房山】

C

Usually,whenyourteacherasksaquestion,thereisonlyonecorrectanswer.Butthereisonequestionthathasmillionsofcorrectanswers.Thequestionis“What’syourname?

”Everyonegivesadifferentanswer,buteveryoneiscorrect.

Haveyoueverwonderedaboutpeople’snames?

Wheredotheycomefrom?

Whatdotheymean?

People’sfirstnames,orgivennames,arechosenbytheirparents.Sometimesthenameofagrandparentorothermemberofthefamilyisused.Someparentschoosethenameofawell-knownperson.AboycouldbenamedGorgeWashingtonSmith;agirlcouldbenamedHelenKellerJones.

Somepeoplegivetheirchildrennamesthatmeangoodthings.Clarameans“bright”;Beatricemeans“onewhogiveshappiness”;Donaldmeans“worldruler”;Leonardmeans“asbraveasalion”.

Theearliestlastnames,orsurnames,weretakenfromplacenames.AfamilywiththenameBrookorBrooksprobablylivednearabrook.;someonewhowascalledLongstreetprobablyonalong,pavedroad.TheGreenwoodfamilylivedinornearaleafyforest.

Otherearlysurnamescamefrompeople’soccupations（职业）.ThemostcommonoccupationalnameisSmith,whichmeansapersonwhomakesthingswithiron（铁）orothermetals.Theancestors（祖先）oftheBakerfamilyprobablybakedbreadfortheirneighbors.TheCarpenter’sgreat-great-great-grandfatherprobablybuilthousesorfurniture.

Sometimespeoplewereknownforthecolorortheirhairorskin,ortheirsize,ortheirspecialabilities.WhenthereweretwowhowerenamedJohninthesamevillage,theJohnwiththegrayhairprobablybecameJohnGray.OrtheJohnwhowasverytallcouldcallhimselfJohnTallman.JohnFishwasprobablyanexcellentswimmerandJohnLightfootwasprobablyafastrunneroragooddancer.

Somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather’sname.English–speakingpeopleadd-sor–son.TheJohnsonsaredescendants（后裔）ofJohn.IrishandScottishpeopleaddMacorMcorO.PerhapsalloftheMacDonnellsandtheO’DonnellsaredescendantsofthesameDonnell.

48.Accordingtothepassage,agirlisnamedHelenKellerJonesbecause.

A.herfamilylivesnearHelenKellerB.shelovesHelenKeller

C.herparentsadmireHelenKellerD.shelookslikeHelenKeller

49.AnEnglishcouplewhoseancestorslivednearaleafyforest,theirfamilynameisprobably.

A.SmithB.CarpenterC.LongstreetD.Greenwood

50.ThesurnamesinthepassagedoNOTcover.

A.placeswherepeoplelivedB.people’seducationC.talentsthatpeopleownedD.people’soccupations

51.Accordingtothepassage,JackieSpeakerisprobably.

A.apersonwhorunsfastB.apersonwholistensmoreC.apersonwhohasblackhairD.apersonwhoistalkative

D.

Haveyouwonderedwhyyouhavetwoeyesandwhytheyaresetclosetogetheronthefrontofyourface？

Thereasonsaresimpleandimportant.

Youreyesareliketwosmallcameras.Acameracatchesanimage（影像）ofanobjectandrecordsitonfilm.Similarly,whenyoulookatsomething,eacheyetakesinwhatitseesandsendsthisimagetothebackoftheeyeball.Becauseyoureyesaresetclosetogether,theyseetheworldfromaboutthesameheightbutfromalittledifferentangles（角度）.Whileyourrighteyeseesanobjectalittletotheright,yourlefteyeseesthesameobjectabittotheleft.Workingasateam,theeyessendtheimagestoyourbrain,thenyourbrainputthemtogetherandyouseeasingleimageinthecenter.

Seeinginstereomeansseeingwithtwoeyesworkingtighter,whichiscalledstereoscopicsight.Thisallowsyoutoseetheworldin3-D.Seeingdepth（深度）helpsyoutojudgehowfaritisbetweenyouandtheobjectsyousee,andthenadjust（调整）tothechanginganglesothatyoucanseesomethingclearlywhenyoumovecloseror