高中基本语法.docx

高中基本语法.docx

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高中基本语法

高中基本语法

时态

1一般现在时

Hegoestoworkeverydayonfoot.

Heoftengoestoworkbybike.

Ivisitmymothertwiceamonth.

Heisateacher.Heisverypatientwithus.

Themusicsoundsbeautiful.

Thepaperfeelssoft.

2一般过去时yesterday,threedaysago,longlongago,in2000,inthe19thcentury,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastyear,lastnight.

Iwashappyyesterday.

Ivisitedyouthreedaysago.

Webuiltashoplastyear.

3一般将来时（tomorrow,nextyear,in3000）

1will/shalldo2begoingtodo3beabouttodo…when

4betodo

Iamgoingtovisityoutomorrow.

-Tomisillandinhospital.

--Iwillgotoseehim.

Iwasabouttogowhenitbegantorain.

Themeetingistobeheldtomorrow,

4现在进行时be（is/am/are）doing

Iamlisteningmusic.

Heisdrawingnow.

注意:

Heisalwayswinningthefirstprize/place.

5过去进行时was/weredoing

Hewasdoinghisworkat6lastnight.

WhenIcamein,hewaswatchingTv.

6现在完成时inthepastfewyears/sofar/inthelastfewyear/since/foralongtime,already,uptonow,

Wehaveheldthreeopeningceremoniessofar.

Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincethereformandopening.

7.过去完成时过去的过去

WhenIarrived,thetrainhadleft.

Bytheendoflastyear,wehadlearned3000words.

WhenIgottotheairport,theplanehadtakenoff.

8过去将来时

Hesaidhewouldvisityou.

Hetoldmethathewasgoingtoseeme.

9将来进行时

IwillbewatchingTvat9tomorrow.

Iwillbeflyingovertheoceanatthistimenextmonth.

10现在完成进行时has/havebeendoingallday/allthemorning

HehasbeenwatchingTvallday.

Wehavebeenrunningallthemorning.

语态

一、被动语态的用法：

　　1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：

is/are+done

　　Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.

_________________________________________

　　2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：

was/were+done

　　Webuiltanewshoplastyear.

_____________________________________________

　　3.现在完成时的被动语态构成：

has/have+been+done

　Theyhavetranslatedthisbookintomanylanguages.

____________________________________________________

　　4.一般将来时的被动语态构成：

will+be+及物动词的过去分词

　Hewillplantmanymoretreesnextyear.

　　________________________________________________-

　　5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：

情态动词（must/may/can）+be+done

Shemustwateryoungtrees.

　　____________________________________　

　　6.现在进行时的被动语态构成：

is/are+being+done

　　UncleWangismendingmybikenow.→

　　________________________________________

　　Theyareplantingtreesoverthere.→

　　_______________________________________________

　　二、怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?

　　把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：

　　1.先找出谓语动词；

　　2.再找出谓语动词后的宾语；

　　3.把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；

4.注意人称、时态和数的变化。

例：

1.Hewritesalettereveryweek.→

___________________________________________

　　2.LiLeimendedthebrokenbikethismorning.→

_________________________________________________

3.Hehaswrittentwonovelssofar.→

_________________________________________________

　　4.Theywillplanttentreestomorrow.→

___________________________________________________

　　5.Lucyiswritingaletternow.→

_______________________________________

6.Youmustlockthedoorwhenyouleave.→

____________________________________________________

　　三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：

　　1.不及物动词无被动语态。

　　Whatwillhappenin100years.

　　Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.

　　2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。

Thisnewbooksellswell.

3系动词无被动taste/sound/feel/look/smell/

Thefoodtastesgood.

　　4.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

　　Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.→

_________________________________________________________________小结：

被动语态：

一般现在时  is / are +done

一般过去时 was / were +done

一般将来时  will + be +done

含有情态动词的被动语态 can / should/may/must + be +done

现在进行时is / are + being +done

过去进行时 was / were + being +done

现在完成时 have / has + been +done

过去完成时 had + been +done

注意：

1Thebooksellswell.

Thecoatwasheswell.

2Thesongsounds_________美

Thematerialfeels________软

Thefoodtastes_______好（feellookseemtastesoundgetbecome）

3wantrequireneed

Theflowersneedwatering=Theflowersneedtobewatered.

Thebabywants___________照顾.=Thebabywants_____________________

4Thefilmiswellworthseeing.

Ourschoolis____________________.值得参观

1bybikebytaxibyplanebyshipbytrainbyseabywaterbyairbyroad

2Irentthecarbytheday/theyear/bythemonth/bytheweek.

Theypayme____________按天

3Theproductionincreasedby30%/two-thirds.

主谓一致：

1Tomwithhisfriends_______（is/are）signingforclasses.

AllthefriendsaswellasTom______（is/are）plantingthetrees.

Marytogetherwithhersisters_____（study/studies）ChineseinChina.

2NotonlyTombutalsofriends______（is/are）signingforclass.

NeitherTomnorMary_______（is/are）wateringtheflower.

NotonlyIbutalsoyou__（is/are）tiredofthefilm.

3The/Awriteranddoctor_______（is/are）busy.

Thewriterandthedoctor________（is/are）busy.

4Everystudentandeveryteacher_______（has/have）attendedthemeeting.

Noboyandnogirl_______（has/have）finishedthework.

Eachboyandeachgirl_______（has/have）finishedthework.

5Manyaboy________（has/have）seenthefilm.

Morethanoneboy________（has/have）takenpartinsports.

6Everymeans________（has/have）beentried.

Manymeans________（has/have）beentried.

7Tenhours________（is/are）verylong.

Tenmeters________（is/are）veryshort.

3000dollars______（is/are）enough.

8Therich________（is/are）becomingricherandricher.

Thepoor________（is/are）becomingpoorerandpoorer.

Thepolice_____（（is/are）searchingthemurderer.

930%ofthestudents_______（has/have）attendedthemeeting.

Two-thirdsofthewater_______（belong）tome.

10Herglasses________（is/are）new.

Thispairofglasses________（is/are）new.

11Anumberofboys____（is/are）playingfootball.

Thenumberoftheboys______（is/are）fifty.

12Thebooksareintendedforthosewho_______（is/are）kids.

Thisisoneofthemostdifficultquestionsthat_____（has/have）beenasked.

Thisistheonlyoneofthemostdifficultquestionsthat_____（has/have）beenasked.

Hewasoneoftheboyswho______（was/were）absent.

Hewastheonlyoneoftheboyswho______（was/were）absent.

I,who_____（is/am）yourteacher,willhelpyou.

Tom,who_____（is/am）yourteacher,willhelpyou

13ThepopulationofChina___（is/are）large.

80%ofthepopulationofChina____（is/are）farmers.

14Onthewall_____（is/are）apicture.

Onthewall____（is/are）twopictures.

Onthefloor_____（lies/lie）anoldman.

Onthefloor_____（lies/lie）twooldmen.

There_____（comes/come）abus.

There______（comes/come）twobuses.

15Largequantitiesofwater_____（have/has）beenused.

Largequantitiesofboys____（is/are）encouragedtolearnEnglish.

Alargequantityofwater_____（have/has）beenused.

Alargequantityofboys____（is/are）encouragedtolearnEnglish.

16Largeamountsofmoney______（（have/has）beenspent.

Alargeamountofmoney______（（have/has）beenspent.

ModuleTwo:

完全倒装句：

1Thesoundofthemusiccamefromtheroom.

________________________________________

2Amountainisbehindthehouse.

____________________________________

3Avillageliesintheeastofthecity.

__________________________________________

4Thebuscomeshere.

__________________________________________

5Atreestandsinfrontofthedoor.

__________________________________

6Anoldmanliesonthefloor.

____________________________________

7Hereitis.

_________________________________________

8Hereyouare.

________________________________________

半倒装:

1Iwillneverforgetyou.

_________________________

2.Heseldomgetsupearly.

_________________________________

3Shecanhardlyaffordthehouse.

____________________________________

4Thegirlrarelygetsacold.

5innoway/onnoaccount/bynomeans

Hardly…whenNosooner….than

Notonly…butalso

Onlyinthisway/onlywhen/if

Innowaywillwegiveintotheenemies.

Hardlyhadheleftwhenitbegantorain.

=Nosoonerhadheleftthanitbegantorain.

Notonlywillyouhaveagoodtimebutalsoyouwilllearnalot.

非谓语动词

1todo

agreetodo/aimtodo/choosetodo/decidetodo/hopetodo/learntodo/offertodo/plantodo/pretendtodo/seemtodo/appeartodo/

Ihopetogotocollege.Iplantocarryouttheplan.

2+doing

注意：

1）admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,,enjoy,escape,feellike,finish,giveup,imagine,keep,mention,mind,miss,practise,putoff,,risk,suggest,can’thelp（禁不住），can’tstand/bear/putupwith（无法忍受）等动词后面必须用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。

2）need,require,want作“需要”解时，后面可接不定式的被动式或动名词，这时动名词的主动式已包含被动的含义，例如：

Theclassroomneeds/requires/wantscleaningtobecleanedeveryday.

3）一些动词短语后有to，但不是不定式标志，而是介词，因此后接动词式应用动名词，例如：

devoteoneselfto,getdownto,leadto,lookforwardto,stickto,be/getusedto,beaccustomedto/seeto,payattentionto,/objectto,/theapproachtodoing等。

2．Forget,goon,likemean,regret,remember,stop,try等动词带动名词或不定式都可以，但意思不同，例如：

Imeantocomehereearliertomorrow.我明天打算早点来这里。

Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.

误了这趟车意味着再等一小时。

三、      分词

（一）分词分为现在分词和过去分词。

现在分词有一般式和完成式，而且有主动语态和被动语态；过去分词表示在谓语动词之前的动作，本身已包含被动的含义，所以只有一般式，没有完成式，例如：

Havingbeenintheuniversityforyears,heknowstheplaceverywell.

Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

Havingbeencleanedbythestudents,theclassroomisveryclean.

Stoppedbythebigrain,hewasalittlelate.

Walkinginthestreet,Imetmyteacher.

Theysatthere,laughingandtalking.

（二）分词的用法

1．作定语Themanstandingatthecornerisourheadteacher.

ThebookwrittenbyLunxunisveryfamous.

2．作状语，表时间、原因、结构、条件、让步、行为方式及伴随情况等，例如：

Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.（表时间）

Themanstoodoverthere,