高中基本语法.docx

1、高中基本语法 高中基本语法时态1一般现在时 He goes to work every day on foot. He often goes to work by bike. I visit my mother twice a month. He is a teacher. He is very patient with us. The music sounds beautiful. The paper feels soft.2 一般过去时yesterday , three days ago, long long ago , in 2000,in the 19th century, the d

2、ay before yesterday, last year, last night. I was happy yesterday. I visited you three days ago. We built a shop last year.3一般将来时(tomorrow, next year, in 3000) 1 will/shall do 2 be going to do 3 be about to do when 4 be to do I am going to visit you tomorrow. -Tom is ill and in hospital. - I will go

3、 to see him. I was about to go when it began to rain. The meeting is to be held tomorrow,4现在进行时 be (is /am/are) doing I am listening music. He is drawing now.注意: He is always winning the first prize/place.5 过去进行时 was/were doing He was doing his work at 6 last night.When I came in , he was watching T

4、v.6 现在完成时 in the past few years/ so far/in the last few year/since/ for a long time , already, up to now, We have held three opening ceremonies so far.Great changes have taken place since the reform and opening.7.过去完成时 过去的过去 When I arrived, the train had left. By the end of last year, we had learned

5、 3000 words. When I got to the airport , the plane had taken off.8 过去将来时 He said he would visit you. He told me that he was going to see me.9 将来进行时 I will be watching Tv at 9 tomorrow. I will be flying over the ocean at this time next month.10现在完成进行时 has/have been doing all day/ all the morning He h

6、as been watching Tv all day. We have been running all the morning.语态一、 被动语态的用法： 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / are + done We clean our classroom every day. _2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were +done We built a new shop last year. _ 3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + done They have translated this book into many langu

7、ages._ 4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will + be + 及物动词的过去分词 He will plant many more trees next year._-5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词(must/may/can)+ be + done She must water young trees._ 6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成： is / are + being + done Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. _ They are planting trees over there. _二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态? 把主动语

8、态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤： 1. 先找出谓语动词； 2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语； 3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语； 4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。 例：1.He writes a letter every week. _2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. _ 3. He has written two novels so far._4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow. _ 5. Lucy is writing a letter now. _6. You must lock

9、 the door when you leave. _三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题： 1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This new book sells well. 3 系动词无被动 taste/sound/feel/look/smell/The food tastes good.4. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 The nu

10、rse is taking care of the sick man. _小结：被动语态：一般现在时 is/are + done一般过去时was/were + done一般将来时will+be + done含有情态动词的被动语态can/should/may/must+be+ done 现在进行时is/are+being + done过去进行时was/were+being + done现在完成时have/has+been + done过去完成时had+been+ done注意：1 The book sells well. The coat washes well.2 The song sound

11、s_美 The material feels_软 The food tastes _ 好(feel look seem taste sound get become )3 want require need The flowers need watering=The flowers need to be watered. The baby wants _照顾.= The baby wants _4 The film is well worth seeing. Our school is _.值得参观1 by bike by taxi by plane by ship by train by s

12、ea by water by air by road2 I rent the car by the day /the year/by the month/by the week. They pay me _按天3 The production increased by 30%/two-thirds.主谓一致：1 Tom with his friends_( is/are) signing for classes. All the friends as well as Tom _( is/are) planting the trees. Mary together with her sister

13、s _( study/studies)Chinese in China.2 Not only Tom but also friends_( is/are) signing for class. Neither Tom nor Mary _( is/are) watering the flower. Not only I but also you_(is/are) tired of the film.3 The /A writer and doctor_ ( is/are)busy. The writer and the doctor_ ( is/are) busy.4Every student

14、 and every teacher _(has/have)attended the meeting. No boy and no girl _ (has/have) finished the work. Each boy and each girl _ (has/have) finished the work.5Many a boy _ (has/have)seen the film. More than one boy _ (has/have) taken part in sports.6Every means _ (has/have)been tried. Many means _ (h

15、as/have) been tried.7 Ten hours _( is/are) very long. Ten meters _( is/are)very short. 3000 dollars _ (is/are) enough.8The rich_( is/are)becoming richer and richer. The poor_( is/are) becoming poorer and poorer. The police _( is/are) searching the murderer.9 30% of the students _ (has/have) attended

16、 the meeting. Two-thirds of the water _(belong) to me.10 Her glasses _( is/are)new. This pair of glasses _( is/are) new.11 A number of boys _( is/are) playing football.The number of the boys _ (is/are) fifty. 12 The books are intended for those who _(is/are)kids.This is one of the most difficult que

17、stions that _(has/have)been asked.This is the only one of the most difficult questions that _(has/have)been asked.He was one of the boys who _(was/were)absent.He was the only one of the boys who _(was/were)absent.I, who _(is/am) your teacher, will help you.Tom, who_(is/am) your teacher, will help yo

18、u 13 The population of China _ (is/are)large.80% of the population of China _ (is/are) farmers. 14 On the wall _(is/are) a picture. On the wall _(is/are)two pictures. On the floor _(lies/lie) an old man. On the floor _ (lies/lie) two old men. There _ (comes/come)a bus. There _(comes/come) two buses.

19、15Large quantities of water _(have/has)been used. Large quantities of boys _(is/are) encouraged to learn English. A large quantity of water _(have/has)been used. A large quantity of boys _(is/are) encouraged to learn English.16 Large amounts of money _(have/has)been spent. A large amount of money _(

20、have/has)been spent.Module Two:完全倒装句： 1 The sound of the music came from the room._2 A mountain is behind the house._3 A village lies in the east of the city._4 The bus comes here._5 A tree stands in front of the door._6 An old man lies on the floor._7 Here it is._8 Here you are._半倒装:1 I will never

21、forget you._2. He seldom gets up early._3 She can hardly afford the house._4 The girl rarely gets a cold. 5 in no way/ on no account/ by no means Hardly when No sooner.than Not only but also Only in this way/ only when/if In no way will we give in to the enemies. Hardly had he left when it began to

22、rain. = No sooner had he left than it began to rain. Not only will you have a good time but also you will learn a lot. 非谓语动词1 to do agree to do/ aim to do/ choose to do /decide to do /hope to do /learn to do /offer to do /plan to do /pretend to do/ seem to do /appear to do/I hope to go to college. I

23、 plan to carry out the plan.2+ doing 注意：1）admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, , enjoy, escape, feel like, finish, give up, imagine, keep, mention, mind, miss, practise, put off, , risk, suggest, cant help(禁不住)，cant stand/bear/put up with (无法忍受)等动词后面必须用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。2）need, require, want作“需要”解

24、时，后面可接不定式的被动式或动名词，这时动名词的主动式已包含被动的含义，例如： The classroom needs/requires/wants cleaning to be cleaned every day.3)一些动词短语后有to，但不是不定式标志，而是介词，因此后接动词式应用动名词，例如： devote oneself to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, stick to, be/get used to, be accustomed to /see to, pay attention to,/ object to,/ the app

25、roach to doing等。2Forget, go on, like mean, regret, remember, stop, try等动词带动名词或不定式都可以，但意思不同，例如：I mean to come here earlier tomorrow. 我明天打算早点来这里。Missing the train means waiting for another hour.误了这趟车意味着再等一小时。三、 分词（一）分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词有一般式和完成式，而且有主动语态和被动语态；过去分词表示在谓语动词之前的动作，本身已包含被动的含义，所以只有一般式，没有完成式，例如：

26、Having been in the university for years, he knows the place very well. The question being discussed is very important. Having been cleaned by the students, the classroom is very clean. Stopped by the big rain, he was a little late.Walking in the street , I met my teacher.They sat there, laughing and talking.（二）分词的用法1作定语The man standing at the corner is our headteacher.The book written by Lunxun is very famous.2作状语，表时间、原因、结构、条件、让步、行为方式及伴随情况等，例如：While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. (表时间)The man stood over there,