帅建林版国际贸易实务课练习答案双语.docx
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帅建林版国际贸易实务课练习答案双语
Chapter1
I
YES,Pleaserefertothe1stparagraphofthetext.
II
流动性过剩
excessliquidity
自给自足
self-sufficient
经济资源
economicresources
直接投资
directinvestment
国际收支
balaneeofpayments
易货交易
barter
出口退税
exporttaxrebate
倾销
dumping
出口型经济增长
export-driveneconomicgrowth
东道国
hostcountry
贸易差额
balaneeoftrade
贸易顺差/贸易逆差
favorable/unfavorablebalaneeoftrade
欧盟
EuropeanUnion
国际收支顺差/国际收支逆差
favorable/unfavorablebalaneeofpayments
有形贸易
visibletrade
无形贸易
invisibletrade
货物贸易
tradeingoods
服务贸易
tradeinservices
III
ThechartaboveshowstheU.S.importsfromChina,U.S.exportstoChinaandthetradebalanee.TheU.S.hasanegativetradebalaneewithChina,andithasbeengrowing.Duringtheperiodfrom1997to2003,importsfromChinahavegrown244%whileexportstoChinahavegrown221%,indieatingthatthetradedeficitisinereasing.TherehadalreadybeenasizeabletradebalaneedeficitwithChinain1996,totaling$39.5billionattheendoftheyear.
IV
1.Exportgoodsaretangiblegoodssentoutofcountries.
2.Tradeinservicesareinternationalearningsotherthanthosederivedfromtheexportingandimportingoftangiblegoods.
3.Importgoodsaretangiblegoodsbroughtin.
4.Internationaltradeisallbusinesstransactionsthatinvolvetwoormorecountries.
5.FDIisonethatgivestheinvestoracontrollinginterestinaforeigncompany.
6.Investmentisusedprimarilyasfinancialmeansforacompanytoearnmoremoneyonitsmoneywithrelativesafety.
V
1.Internationaltradeisthefairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsand/orservicesacrossnational
boundaries.Itconcernstradeoperationsofbothimportandexportandineludesthepurchaseandsaleofbothvisibleandinvisiblegoods.
2.1ntoday'scomplexeconomicworld,neitherindividualsnornationsareself-sufficient.Nations
participateintheinternationaltradeformanyreasons.Astotheeconomicreasons,nonationhasalloftheeconomicresources（land,laborandcapital）thatitneedstodevelopitseconomyandculture,andnocountryenjoysaparticularitemsufficientenoughtomeetitsneeds.Asfortheprefereneereasons,internationaltradetakesplacebecauseofinnovationofstyle.Besides,everynationcanspecializeinacertainfieldandenjoyacomparativeadvantageinsomeparticularareaintermsoftradesothattheyneedtodobusinesswitheachothertomakeuseofresourcesmoreefficientlyandeffectively.
3.Inmeasuringtheeffectivenessofglobaltrade,nationscarefullyfollowtwokeyindicators,namely,balaneeoftradeandbalaneeofpayments.
4.FDI,theabbreviationformForeignDirectInvestment,meansbuyingofpermanentproperty
andbusinessinforeignnations.Itoccurswhenacquisitionofequityinterestinaforeigncompanyistrade.ThegreatsignificanceofFDIforChinamightbethat:
FDIsolvetheproblemofcapitalshortageforChinasothatChinamayspendthemoneyonimportingadvaneedequipmentandtechnologiesforitsinfrastructure,nationalsupportingindustry,keyprojects,etc.
Chapter2
I
关税壁垒
Tariffbarriers
非关税壁垒
non-tariffbarriers
从量税
specificduties
配额
quota
保护性关税
protectivetariff
市场失灵
marketfailure
幼稚产业
infantindustry
许可证制度
licensingsystem
财政关税
Revenuetar肝
政府采购
governmentprocurement
贸易保护主义
tradeprotectionism
从价税
AdValoremDuties
最低限价
floorprice
本地采购规则
"buylocal"rules
增加内需
raisedomesticdemand
Domesticcontent
国内含量
Red-tapebarriers
讲口环节壁垒
Exportsubsidies
出口补贴
Bindingquota
绑定配额
Absolutequotas
绝对配额
VER
自愿出口限制
Tariff-ratequotas
关税配额
Zeroquota
零配额
"Buylocal"rules
本地采购原则
II
1.Protectionismmeansthedeliberateuseorencouragementofrestrictionsonimportstoenablerelativelyinefficientdomesticproducerstocompetesuccessfullywithforeignproducers.保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制，以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。
.
2.IftheRussiansreleasetheirstocksoffinintotheworldmarket,thepriceofthemetalwillsinkthroughthefloor.
一旦俄罗斯人将其持有的锡矿股票投放于国际市场之中，那么该市场中金属的价格会跌破最低限价。
3.Protectivetariffmeansadutyortaximposedonimportedproductsforthepurposeofmaking
themmoreexpensiveincomparisontodomesticproducers,therebygivingthedomesticproductsapriceadvantage.
保护性关税表示对进口产品征收的关税，旨在让它们相比起本国商品更贵，从向使得本国商品具有价格优势。
4.Typesoftariffsincludeadvalorem,specific,variable,orcompound.IntheUnitedStates,theimpositionoftariffsismadeonimportedgoodsonly.Tariffsraisethepricesofimportedgoods,thusmakingthemlesscompetitivewithinthemarketoftheimportingcountry.Afterseven"RoundsofGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTradetradenegotiationsthatfocusedheavilyontariffreductions,tariffsarelessimportantmeasuresofprotectionthantheyusedtobe.关税的种类包括从价税，从量税，可变税与复合税。
在美国，只对进口商品征税。
关税抬高了进口货物的价格，从而使得它们在进口国商品市场竞争优势下降。
继关税及贸易总协定七个回合主要关于降低税价的贸易协定之后，税收所起的保护作用日趋下降。
III
1.Tariffisadutycollectedbycustomsofagovernmentonimportsand/orexports.
2.Arevenuetariffcanbesomeoftheincomesofagovernment,butitmustbetakenundercontrol.
3.Toexportgoodsatanunreasonablylowpriceistakenasdumpingwhichmightbefoughtagainstbygovernmentoftheimportingcountry.
4.Atariffmaybeassessedonaperunitbasis,inwhichcaseitisknownasaspecificduty.Italsomaybeassessedasapercentageofthevalueoftheitem,inwhichcaseitisknownasanadvaloremduty.
5.Importtariffsprimarilyserveasameansofraisingthepriceoftheimportgoodssothatcompetitivelyproduceddomesticgoodswillgainarelativepriceadvantage.
Chapter3
I
APECAsia-pacificEconomicCo-operation
FTAAPFreeTradeAgreementofAsiaandthePacific
EUEuropeanUnion
NAFTANorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement
MERCOSURMercadoComundelConoSur/SouthernCommonMarket
ASEANAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations
EFTAEuropeanFreeTradeArea
AFTAASEANFreeTradeArea
PTAsPreferentialTradeagreements
II
Tradebloc贸易集团
Tradeblock贸易禁运/封锁Openregionalism开放式区域主义Freetradearea自由贸易区Customsunion关税联盟Commonmarket共同市场Economicunion经济联盟Tradeembargoes贸易禁运Boycotts抵制歧视性关税discriminatorytariffs经济制裁economicsanction贸易弹性tradeelasticity双边贸易协定bilateraltradeagreement最惠国mostfavorednation
Chapter4
GATTHODTRIPsGATSTRIMsMFN
GeneralAgreementonTariffsAndTrade
HeadsofDelegations
Trade-relatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRights
GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices
TradeRelatedInvestmentMeasures
MostFavoredNations
施惠国受惠国缔约国市场准入透明度紧急进口措施争端解决机制可持续发展特许经营
Patronagenations
Favorednations
ContractingParties
marketaccess
transparency
UrgentImportingMeasuresdisputesettlementmechanismsustainabledevelopmentfranchise
III
1.UntilnowWTOhasalreadyhad150membersanditstradevolumecovers90%ofthetotaltradevolumeinthewholeworld.
2.TopmostofWTOistheMinisterialConferencewhichhastomeetatleastonceeverytwoyears.UndertheMinisterialConferenceistheGeneralCouncilthathastomeetatGenevaregularly.
3.TheWTOSecretariat,whichofficesonlyinGeneva,Swizerland,hasaround550regularstuffandisheadedbyaDirector-General.SincedecisionsaremadebyMembersonly,theSecretariathasnodecision-makingpowersastheotherinternationalinstitutions.
4.TheSecretariatprovidessomeformoflegalassistaneeinthedisputesettlementprocessandadvisesgovernmentswishingtobecomeMembersoftheWTO.
Chapter5
I
FOB班轮条件
FOBlinerterm
清关
customsclearanee
FOB吊钩下交货
FOBUnderTackle
平舱
trim
多式联运
multimodaltransport
船舷
shipboard
内陆水运
marinenavigationoninlandwaterway
理舱
stow
卸货费
dischargeexpense
投保
coverinsuranee
CFR卸至岸上（含着陆费）
CFRLanded
班轮
liner
单据买卖
documentarysales
CFR舱底交货
CFREx-ship'sHold
CFR班轮条件
CFRlinerterms
象征性交货
symbolicdelivery
II
1.UnderCFR,buyersshouldeffectinsuranee.
2.UnderCIFEx-Ship'sHold,sellershouldpaythedischargecharges.
3.UnderCIF,theinsuredamountshouldbeUS$22000ifthecontractedpriceisUS$20000.
4.UnderCIP,sellerhastoprocureinsuraneeagainstthebuyer'sriskoflossofordamagetothe
goodsduringthecarriage.
5.TheFAStermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport
6.TheDEQtermrequiresthebuyertoproceedwiththecustomsclearaneeforimportsandpayment
ofallcustomsduty.
7.UnderDDP,thesellermustpaythecostsofcustomsdutiesaswellasallduties,taxesandother
officialchargespayableuponexportationandimportationofthegoods.
8.UnderDDUthesellermustgivethebuyerinstantnoticeoftheshippingofthegoodsaswellas
anyothernoticerequiredinordertoallowshebuyertotakemeasure.
III
1.该报价为FOB的价格并含5%的佣金。
2.在CPT、CIP项下，“承运人”指在货物运输合同中承诺通过铁路、公路、航空、海运、
内河水运或多式运输等方式完成货物运输的人。
3.在FCA项下，交货地的选择对货物的装船与卸载责任有影响。
如果交货地基于卖方，卖
方有装载责任。
如果交货地在其它地方，卖方对卸载没有责任。
4.在FOB项下，卖方必须在约定的日期或期限内，在指定的装运港，按照该港习惯方式,
将货物交至买方指定的船只上。
买方必须自货物在指定的装运港越过船舷之刻起承当货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。
Questions
1Y
1Y|
Y
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Y
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IYIY
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1N
1Y|
Y
IY
Y
IY
Y
IYIY
IY
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1N
IN
1N
IN
IN
IY
IN
IYIN
IN
INI
1N
IN
1N
IN
IY
IY
IY
IYIY
IY
IYI
1N
IY|
Y
IY
Y
IY
Y
IYIY
IY
YI
1N
IN
1N
IN
IY
IY
IY
IYIY
IY
IYI
V
A.1
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Chapter6
I
1.SalesbySeller's/Buyer'sSample
凭卖方样品买卖/凭买方样品买卖
2.Reference/DuplicateSample
基准样品/副样
3.QualityToleranee
品质公差
4.CounterSample
对等样品
5.MoreorLessClauses
溢短装条款
6.NeutralPacking
中性包装
7,CustomsFormality
报关
升级会员 