帅建林版国际贸易实务课练习答案双语.docx

1、帅建林版国际贸易实务课练习答案双语Chapter 1IYES, Please refer to the 1st paragraph of the text.II流动性过剩excess liquidity自给自足self-sufficie nt经济资源econo mic resources直接投资direct i nvestme nt国际收支bala nee of payme nts易货交易barter出口退税export tax rebate倾销dump ing出口型经济增长export-drive n econo mic growth东道国host country贸易差额bala nee o

2、f trade贸易顺差/贸易逆差favorable/un favorable bala nee of trade欧盟Europea n Union国际收支顺差/国际收支逆差favorable/un favorable bala nee of payme nts有形贸易visible trade无形贸易in visible trade货物贸易trade in goods服务贸易trade in servicesIIIThe chart above shows the U.S. imports from China, U.S. exports to China and the trade bala

3、nee. The U.S. has a negative trade balanee with China, and it has been growing. During the period from 1997 to 2003, imports from China have grown 244% while exports to China have grown 221%, in dieat ing that the trade deficit is in ereas ing. There had already bee n a sizeable trade bala nee defic

4、it with Chi na in 1996, totali ng $ 39.5 billio n at the end of the year.IV1.Export goods are tan gible goods sent out of coun tries.2.Trade in services are international earnings other than those derived from the exporting and import ing of tan gible goods.3.Import goods are tan gible goods brought

5、 in.4.I nternatio nal trade is all bus in ess tran sact ions that in volve two or more coun tries.5.FDI is one that gives the investor a controlling interest in a foreign company.6.Investment is used primarily as financial means for a company to earn more money on its money with relative safety.V1.I

6、nternational trade is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and/or services across nationalboun daries. It concerns trade operati ons of both import and export and in eludes the purchase and sale of both visible and in visible goods.2.1 n todays complex economic world, neither individuals nor na

7、tions are self-sufficient. Nationsparticipate in the international trade for many reasons. As to the economic reasons, no nation has all of the econo mic resources (la nd, labor and capital) that it n eeds to develop its economy and culture, and no country enjoys a particular item sufficie nt eno ug

8、h to meet its n eeds. As for the prefere nee reasons, international trade takes place because of innovation of style. Besides, every nation can specialize in a certain field and enjoy a comparative advantage in some particular area in terms of trade so that they n eed to do bus in ess with each othe

9、r to make use of resources more efficie ntly and effectively.3.In measuring the effectiveness of global trade, nations carefully follow two key indicators, n amely, bala nee of trade and bala nee of payme nts.4.FDI, the abbreviati on form Foreig n Direct In vestme nt, means buying of perma nent prop

10、ertyand bus in ess in foreig n n ati ons. It occurs whe n acquisiti on of equity in terest in a foreig n company is trade. The great significance of FDI for China might be that: FDI solve the problem of capital shortage for China so that China may spe nd the money on import ing adva need equipme nt

11、and tech no logies for its in frastructure, n ati onal support ing in dustry, key projects, etc.Chapter 2I关税壁垒Tariff barriers非关税壁垒non-tariff barriers从量税specific duties配额quota保护性关税protective tariff市场失灵market failure幼稚产业infant in dustry许可证制度lice nsing system财政关税Revenue tar肝政府采购gover nment procureme nt

12、贸易保护主义trade protecti onism从价税Ad Valorem Duties最低限价floor price本地采购规则buy local rules增加内需raise domestic dema ndDomestic content国内含量Red-tape barriers讲口环节壁垒Export subsidies出口补贴Binding quota绑定配额Absolute quotas绝对配额VER自愿出口限制Tariff-rate quotas关税配额Zero quota零配额Buy local rules本地采购原则II1.Protectionism means the

13、deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports to enable relatively inefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreign producers. 保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制， 以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品 竞争。 .2.If the Russians release their stocks of fin into the world market, the price of the metal wi

14、ll sink through the floor.一旦俄罗斯人将其持有的锡矿股票投放于国际市场之中， 那么该市场中金属的价格会跌破最 低限价。3.Protective tariff means a duty or tax imposed on imported products for the purpose of makingthem more expensive in comparison to domestic producers, thereby giving the domestic products a price advantage.保护性关税表示对进口产品征收的关税， 旨在让

15、它们相比起本国商品更贵， 从向使得本国商 品具有价格优势。4.Types of tariffs include ad valorem, specific, variable, or compound. In the United States,the imposition of tariffs is made on imported goods only. Tariffs raise the prices of imported goods, thus making them less competitive within the market of the importing country

16、. After seven Rounds of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade trade negotiations that focused heavily on tariff reductions, tariffs are less important measures of protection than they used to be. 关税的种类包括从价税，从量税，可变税与复合税。在美国，只对进口商品征税。关税抬高 了进口货物的价格，从而使得它们在进口国商品市场竞争优势下降。 继关税及贸易总协定七 个回合主要关于降低税价的贸易协定之后，税

17、收所起的保护作用日趋下降。III1.Tariff is a duty collected by customs of a government on imports and/or exports.2.A revenue tariff can be some of the incomes of a government, but it must be taken under control.3.To export goods at an unreasonably low price is taken as dumping which might be fought against by gove

18、rnment of the importing country.4.A tariff may be assessed on a per unit basis, in which case it is known as a specific duty. It also may be assessed as a percentage of the value of the item, in which case it is known as an ad valorem duty.5.Import tariffs primarily serve as a means of raising the p

19、rice of the import goods so that competitively produced domestic goods will gain a relative price advantage.Chapter 3IAPEC Asia-pacific Economic Co-operationFTAAP Free Trade Agreement of Asia and the PacificEU European UnionNAFTA North American Free Trade AgreementMERCOSUR Mercado Comun del Cono Sur

20、 / Southern Common MarketASEAN Association of Southeast Asian NationsEFTA European Free Trade AreaAFTA ASEAN Free Trade AreaPTAs Preferential Trade agreementsIITrade bloc 贸易集团Trade block 贸易禁运 / 封锁 Open regionalism 开放式区域主义 Free trade area 自由贸易区 Customs union 关税联盟 Common market 共同市场 Economic union 经济联

21、盟 Trade embargoes 贸易禁运 Boycotts 抵制 歧视性关税 discriminatory tariffs 经济制裁 economic sanction 贸易弹性 trade elasticity 双边贸易协定 bilateral trade agreement 最惠国 most favored nationChapter 4GATT HOD TRIPs GATS TRIMs MFNGeneral Agreement on Tariffs And TradeHeads of DelegationsTrade-related Aspects of Intellectual P

22、roperty RightsGeneral Agreement on Trade in ServicesTrade Related Investment MeasuresMost Favored Nations施惠国 受惠国 缔约国 市场准入 透明度 紧急进口措施 争端解决机制 可持续发展 特许经营Patronage nationsFavored nationsContracting Partiesmarket accesstransparencyUrgent Importing Measures dispute settlement mechanism sustainable develop

23、ment franchiseIII1.Until now WTO has already had 150 members and its trade volume covers 90% of the total trade volume in the whole world.2.Topmost of WTO is the Ministerial Conference which has to meet at least once every two years. Under the Ministerial Conference is the General Council that has t

24、o meet at Geneva regularly.3.The WTO Secretariat, which offices only in Geneva, Swizerland, has around 550 regular stuff and is headed by a Director-Ge neral. Since decisi ons are made by Members only, the Secretariat has no decisi on-mak ing powers as the other intern ati onal in stituti ons.4.The

25、Secretariat provides some form of legal assista nee in the dispute settleme nt process and advises gover nments wishi ng to become Members of the WTO.Chapter 5IFOB班轮条件FOB liner term清关customs cleara neeFOB吊钩下交货FOB Un der Tackle平舱trim多式联运multimodal tran sport船舷shipboard内陆水运marine navigation on inland

26、waterway理舱stow卸货费discharge expe nse投保cover in sura neeCFR卸至岸上（含着陆费）CFR Lan ded班轮liner单据买卖docume ntary salesCFR舱底交货CFR Ex-ships HoldCFR班轮条件CFR liner terms象征性交货symbolic deliveryII1.Un der CFR, buyers should effect in sura nee.2.Un der CIF Ex-Ships Hold, seller should pay the discharge charges.3.Under

27、CIF, the in sured amou nt should be US $ 22 000 if the con tracted price is US $20000.4.Un der CIP, seller has to procure in sura nee aga inst the buyers risk of loss of or damage to thegoods duri ng the carriage.5.The FAS term requires the seller to clear the goods for export6.The DEQ term requires

28、 the buyer to proceed with the customs cleara nee for imports and payme ntof all customs duty.7.Under DDP, the seller must pay the costs of customs duties as well as all duties, taxes and otherofficial charges payable upon exportatio n and importati on of the goods.8.Un der DDU the seller must give

29、the buyer in sta nt no tice of the shipp ing of the goods as well asany other no tice required in order to allow she buyer to take measure.III1.该报价为FOB的价格并含5%的佣金。2.在CPT、CIP项下，“承运人”指在货物运输合同中承诺通过铁路、公路、航空、海运、内河水运或多式运输等方式完成货物运输的人。3.在FCA项下，交货地的选择对货物的装船与卸载责任有影响。如果交货地基于卖方，卖方有装载责任。如果交货地在其它地方，卖方对卸载没有责任。4.在FO

30、B项下，卖方必须在约定的日期或期限内，在指定的装运港，按照该港习惯方式,将货物交至买方指定的船只上。买方必须自货物在指定的装运港越过船舷之刻起承当货 物灭失或损坏的一切风险。Questio ns1 Y1 Y |YI Y |YI Y IYI Y I YI YY I1 N1 Y |YI YYI YYI Y I YI YY I1 NI N1 NI NI NI YI NI Y I NI NI N I1 NI N1 NI NI YI YI YI Y I YI YI Y I1 NI Y |YI YYI YYI Y I YI YY I1 NI N1 NI NI YI YI YI Y I YI YI Y IV

31、A.1.c; 2.d;3. a;4.(c; 5.c;6. c; 7.(j; 8.b; 9. d; lO.cB. 1. a; 2. ab; 3. abcdf; 4. abc; 5. aefChapter 6I1. Sales by Sellers/Buyers Sample凭卖方样品买卖/凭买方样品买卖2. Refere nce/Duplicate Sample基准样品/副样3. Quality Tolera nee品质公差4. Coun ter Sample对等样品5. More or Less Clauses溢短装条款6. Neutral Packi ng中性包装7, Customs Formality报关