高考英语阅读理解10篇专题复习带答案.docx
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高考英语阅读理解10篇专题复习带答案
2019年高考英语阅读理解专题训练10篇
（名师精选真题实战训练+详细解题过程，值得下载练习）
[一]
Asculturalsymbolsgo,theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago,withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline（装配线）onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.
ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:
theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel,theroadmovie,thesearethemosttypicalAmericanideas,bornofabundantpetrol,cheapcarsandanever-endinginterstatehighwaysystem,thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory.
In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarineverygarage.”Sincethen,thissocietyhasmovedonward,neverlookingback,asthecartransformedAmericafromafarm-basedsocietyintoanindustrialpower.
ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.InAmericathedemandforoilhasgrownby22percentsince1990.
Theproblemsofexcessive（过度的）energyconsumption,climatechangeandpopulationgrowthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwriterThomasL.Friedman.Hefearstheworst,buthopesforthebest.
Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy（经济）isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.“Theabilitytodesign,buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater,cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury.”
【文章大意】汽车作为美国的文化符号尚年轻,但给美国带来了方方面面的变化。
由于石油的过度消费,也带来了生态灾难。
28.Whyishamburgermentionedinparagraph2?
A.ToexplainAmericans’lovefortravellingbycar.
B.ToshowtheinfluenceofcarsonAmericanculture.
C.TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.
D.TopraisetheeffectivenessofAmerica’sroadsystem.
【解析】选B。
细节理解题。
根据第二段中ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:
theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.可知,汉堡是汽车影响美国文化的产物。
故选B。
29.WhathastheuseofcarsinAmericaledto?
A.Declineofeconomy.
B.Environmentalproblems.
C.Ashortageofoilsupply.
D.Afarm-basedsociety.
【解析】选B。
细节理解题。
根据第四段可知,汽车在推动美国梦的同时,也带来了生态灾难。
故选B。
30.WhatisFriedman’sattitudetowardsAmerica’sfuture?
A.Ambiguous.B.Doubtful.
C.Hopeful.D.Tolerant.
【解析】选C。
观点态度题。
根据倒数第二段中Hefearstheworst,buthopesforthebest.以及下一段中的具体建议,可知,ThomasL.Friedman对美国的未来是充满希望的。
故选C。
[二]
Inthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted（享有）aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsommé.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup,Roze’schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout,whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.
Today,scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat:
dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta（意大利面食）whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone,customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.
Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness,theycouldn’ttellhowmuchthey’dhad:
thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,butwerenonethewiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.
Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-foodplaces,finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:
putonsomeMozart（莫扎特）.Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:
dinerswhogotthescentoflavender（薰衣草）stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.
Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—“bad”tables,crowding,highprices—don’tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor,say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad’tables,”giventhatthey’reprofitable.Asforcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant’sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffet’spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.
【文章大意】现代学者对餐馆进行了大量有意义的研究,发现视觉,照明,就餐时间,餐桌位置,拥挤程度等都可以用来改善餐馆生意。
58.Theunderlinedphrase“nonethewiser”inParagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere.
A.notawareofeatingmorethanusual
B.notwillingtosharefoodwithothers
C.notconsciousofthefoodquality
D.notfondofthefoodprovided
【解析】选A。
词义猜测题。
上文thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse意为:
那些得到更多分量的人比别人吃得多;下文theydidn’tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert意为:
他们没有感觉到饱,还准备吃甜点呢。
再根据but表示转折,可推测出画线部分的意思是:
没有意识到比平时吃得多了。
59.Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?
A.Playingclassicalmusic.
B.Introducinglemonscent.
C.Makingthelightbrighter.
D.Usingplatesoflargersize.
【解析】选A。
细节理解题。
根据第四段中finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:
putonsomeMozart.可知,高级餐馆会播放莫扎特的音乐（即:
古典音乐）来让客人多待一会儿。
60.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?
A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.
B.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.
C.Waystoimproverestaurants’reputation.
D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.
【解析】选D。
段落大意题。
最后一段第一句话Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—“bad”tables,crowding,highprices—don’tnecessarily.意为:
你认为有些因素可能影响人们消费,比如:
位置不好的餐桌,拥挤,高价格等,但是未必。
再根据下文对这些因素的分析可知,本段主要讲述了一些常见的关于餐馆的错误认识。
[三]
Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices（装置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.
Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.
Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn’tthrowoutouroldones.“Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids’room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We’renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt’steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions（排放）morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.
Sowhat’sthesolution（解决方案）?
Theteam’sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明性议论文。
文章介绍了新旧电子设备的能耗调查,借此论证新电子设备比过时的旧设备更节能、更环保,呼吁人们为了节能环保不要再使用已经过时的旧电子设备,而应该使用集多种功能于一体的新电子设备。
32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?
A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.
B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.
C.Theycostmoretouseathome.
D.Theygooutofstylequickly.
【解析】选A。
推理判断题。
根据第一段最后一句That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment...astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.可知,做同样的事,过时的电子设备比新设备耗能更多。
由此可推断,作者认为新设备更节能、更环保。
33.WhydidBabbitt’steamconducttheresearch?
A.Toreducethecostofminerals.
B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.
C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.
D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.
【解析】选D。
细节理解题。
根据第二段第一句Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,...可知,Babbitt的团队开展研究是为了查明新旧电子设备的耗能量。
34.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?
A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.
C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.
【解析】选B。
推理判断题。
根据最后一段Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.可知,使用平板电脑观看娱乐节目比用电视或台式电脑能减少44%的能源消耗。
由此可推断,四种电子设备中,平板电脑的耗能量是最少的。
35.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?
A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.
C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.
【解析】选A。
推理判断题。
作者开篇提出观点:
新电子设备比过时的旧设备更节能、更环保;之后又用Babbitt团队的研究证明自己的观点,文章的最后又再次强调具备多种功能的新电子设备的确更节能。
由此可推断,作者建议人们不要再用过时的旧电子设备了。
[四]
Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?
ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.
Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecide
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