对英译汉中文化缺失现象的探究.docx

对英译汉中文化缺失现象的探究.docx

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对英译汉中文化缺失现象的探究

对英译汉中文化缺失现象的探究

AnAnalysisonthePhenomenonofCulture“Lost”inEnglishtoChineseTranslation

Contents

Abstract……………………………………………………………………..1

Keywords…………………………………………………………………..1

I.Introduction………………………………………………………………1

II.Cultural“lost”causedbydifferentreligionsandfaiths…………2

III.Cultural“lost”causedbydifferentsocialbackgrounds…………3

3.1ThesourcesofEnglishsurname…………………………………………4

3.1.1Namesofoldplaces………………………………………………4

3.1.2.Dwellingplaces…………………………………………………4

3.1.3.Career…………………………………………………………4

3.1.4.Colors……………………………………………………………4

3.1.5.Familynames…………………………………………………4

3.1.6.Namesofanimalsandplants………………………………………4

3.1.7.Naturalphenomenon………………………………………………4

3.1.8.Shapenickname…………………………………………………4

3.2ThesourcesofEnglishnames…………………………………………5

3.2.1Season,month,dateandweather…………………………………5

3.2.2NamesofAnimals………………………………………………5

3.2.3Namesofplants…………………………………………………5

3.2.4Namesofmetals…………………………………………………5

3.2.5NamesofGodandhero……………………………………………5

3.2.6Namesofsurnamesofparents……………………………………5

3.3Differentassociatemeanings……………………….…………………7

3.4Geographicalreasons…………………………………………..………7

IV.Cultural“lost”causedbydifferenthistoricalbackgrounds…………8

V.Cultural“lost”causedbydifferentpoliticalbackgrounds…………10

VI.Conclusion………………………………………………………………10

Reference………………………………………………………………10

摘要：

本文主要研究翻译中的文化差异所产生的交流方面的影响。

尽管文化是个复合体,它仍然被分为三个流派:

物质文化,制度文化以及人文文化.语言属于制度文化,也紧紧的依附于人文文化之上。

人文文化的不同造成了翻译中的文化缺失现象。

本文将首先分析各种翻译文化缺失的具体原因，再进一步阐述如何解决文化缺失这一英译汉翻译中的难题。

关键词:

英语汉语翻译文化缺失

Abstract:

Thisarticlediscussestheinfluenceofculturaldifferencesonacross-culturaltranslationevent.Howevercomplexacultureis,itcanroughlybedividedintothreecategories:

materialculture,institutionalcultureandhumanitarian.Languagebelongstoinstitutionalculture,whichiscloselyrelatedtomentalcultureinformationandperformance.Differencesinhumanitarianarewhatproducethedifferencesinlanguagesinvolvedintranslation.Thearticlefirstelaboratesthereasonforproducingsomanyculturelostproblems,thenfurtherprovideseffectivemethodstosolveculture-lost-problemsintranslationfromEnglishintoChinese.

Keywords:

EnglishChinesetranslationculturelost

I.Introduction

Translationisunavoidabletoconnectwiththeabundantculturalinformationcontainedinthelanguage.Atthebeginningoflanguagemanipulation,translationcomesintocontactwiththeculture.Languagereactsthecultureinformationontwolevels,theyareinteriorlanguageandexteriorlanguage.Wearetryingtousetypicaltranslationcasestoanalysisandresearchhowtranslationcompletedthetasksofculturalinformationdeliveryonthebasisofknowingtheculturalinformationthatthelanguageitselfcarriedtorealizethecommunicationbetweendifferentcultures.

Intheprocessoftranslation,differentculturalaccumulationappearingapparentlyintheirownlanguages,hasbecomeindependent,withnoconnectionbetweenthemanuscriptandsourcelanguage.

Itiswell-knownthattheculturereferstothesummaryofsubstantialwealthandspiritualwealthwhichcreatedbyhuman-beingsduringthelonghistory.Generallyspeaking,culturereferstothesocialideologyandthecorrespondingsystem.Thecultureisahistoricalphenomenon,everysocietyhasacertainculturewhichfitforit,andindifferentperiods,thesamecountryhasdifferentculturaldetails.Languageistheingredientandthecarrierofculture;itisthebasewhichlanguagedependson,thesourceoflanguagemetabolismatthemeantime.Asamatteroffact,languageisthereflectionofculture,andalsoanefficienttooltomasteraculture.Thetranslatorshavetonotonlymasterthesourcelanguageandthetargetlanguageskillfully,butalsobefamiliarwiththecultureofthetwolanguages,thenconfirmthedifferencesbetweenthem.

II.Cultural“lost”causedbydifferentreligionsandfaiths

Inourmany-facetworld,thesystem,thefaith,theaestheticappreciation,thenotionofmoralityandtheideaofvalueofdifferentnationsarevaried,peoplehavedifferentopinionsonthesamething.Eg.TheAmericanandtheChinesehavedifferentviewpointsonhumanrights.Democracy,freedom,justiceandhumanism,thiskindofabstractconceptionhavethesamefate.Forexample,“individualism”comestoChinaandisregardedas“egoism”.However,asamatteroffacttheyarequitedifferentfromeachother.Historically,Chinesepeoplethinkthatthecommunityissuperiortoindividual.Incontrast,“egoism”istheoppositeofthespiritandislookeddownupon.However,Americansrespectindividualismbecauseoftheirhistory.ThoseEuropeanpioneerswhocametoAmericansurvivedanddevelopedbasedontheindividualspirit.Somepeoplethinkthatindividualismshouldbetranslatedas“individualconsciousness”and“individualspirit”.SinceinChina,“spirit”ismorepositiveand“consciousness”isneutral.InEnglishitcanbecalled“egoism”.

Foranotherexample,ournatureiscolorful,anddifferentnationsdefinethesecolorsintodifferentmeanings.Itiswell-knownthatinChina,thecolor“red”referstothemeaningofjubilant,propitious,sothereisacustomwhenChinesebridesontheirwedding,theyareinredandwearredflowers,therefore,intheWesterncountries,thebrideisinwhitetostandforthecleanandhonestlove.AsinChinawhiteisasadcolorwhichstandforcondolences,sometimesblackplaysthesamerole.InChinayellowisaauthoritycolorwhichcannotbeinfringed,onlyimperialfamilyhavetherighttowearyellowclothes.Butthemeaningof“yellowbook（色情书籍）”inChinaisdifferentfromthecoloritself.Inwesternculture,wecanknowfromthesewords“bluefilms,bluegag”thattheyuse“blue”insteadof“yellow”.sotoatranslatorwhoknowsnothingaboutlanguagecolor,itisdifficulttounderstandtheintentionofit.

EnglandandotherwesterncountriesareChristendomandhaveformedstrongChristculture.ButinChina,peoplemainlybelieveinBuddhismwhichseriouslyinfluenceChinesepeople.Theregoesawell-knownChineseproverbofthreemonks.ItisdifficulttotranslatetheproverbintoEnglishsincewesternersarenotfamiliarwiththeconception“monks”andtheyrarelyknowthemeaningofit.InEnglishthereisasimilarsetphrase:

“oneboyisboy;twoboysarehalfaboy;threeboysarenoboy.”Or“toomanycooksspoilthebroth.”Ifyouneedpaymoreattentiontoformwecantranslateliterally:

onemonk,twobuckets;twomonks,onebucket;threemonks.（nobucket,nowater-morehand,lesswork）AndthewesternersalsohavestoriesfromtheBible.Eg.LetbothsideswritetoheedinallconcernsofearthcommandofIsaiahto“undotheheavyburdens（and）lettheoppressedgofree”（JohnKennedy:

InauguralSpeech）IsaiahisaprophetinOldTestamentofBible.Heisnamed“rescueJesus”.Heiswellcultivated,intelligent,knowledgeableandbraveenoughtooffendthepowerandpredictthatonedayIsraelwillberescued.Inthatshortinauguralspeech,Kennedymentionedthename,whichiswellknownbypeopleofChristendom.Butifitistranslatedjustaccordingword’spronunciationwithoutanyexplanation,manyChinesepeopledon’tknowthemissionendowedbyGod.Foranotherexample,DavidandGoliath------Davidisashepherdboy,whenhefoughtwiththegiantGoliath,hekilledhimwithacatapult.Sopeopleusethissampletometaphorthattheweakeronedefeatedthestrongerone.JudasisoneoftheJehovahvotarieswhobetrayedJehovah,sopeopleusethenameJudastometaphorthetraitor,andhegotthirtypiecesofsilverisusedtorefertothewealthofbetraymyothers,atthemeantime,JudaskissedJehovahtomakehimarrested,so“akissofdeathreferstofriendlyonthesurface,butframeothersupinthedarkness.And“forbiddenfruit”,“bearone’scross”,havetheirspecialmeanings,too.Therefore,themainreligionconvictionofHannationalityisBuddhismandTaoism,sotheyhavesomespecialculturalphrasesaboutthem.eg.“道高一尺，魔高一丈，“放下屠刀，立地成佛”，“临时抱佛脚”，“做一天和尚，撞一天钟”，“不看僧面看佛面”，“苦海无边，回头是岸”，“救人一命胜造七级浮屠”etc.Translatorshavetoresearchthentounderstandandmasterthem.

III.Cultural“lost”causedbydifferentsocialbackground;

Differentsocialbackgroundscausedifferentculturephenomena,italsocausesculturelost.Differentcountrieshavevarioussocialforms,peoplelivingindifferentplaceshavedifferentopinionsonsocialevents,thatisthemainreasonswhyculturelostappeared.Inthefollowing,IwillstudythecaseoftheoriginsoftheChineseandEnglishnames.

InChina,weuseourfather’ssurnameandpassittoourchildren,inwesterncountries,theycreatetheirsurnamesbynamesofplaces,career,colorsandsoon,whenwetranslateEnglishnamesandsurnamesintoChinese,wecannotunderstandtherealmeaningsofthesenames.Herearesomeexamplesbelow:

3.1.ThesourcesofEnglishsurname

3.1.1Namesofoldplaces

“Lancaster”（兰开斯特）and“Boston”（波士顿）arenamesofcitiesinBritainandU.S.,“Everest”（埃弗里斯特）isthenameofthehighestmountainintheworld,“Snowdon”（斯诺登）isthenameofaBritishmountain,“Thames”（泰晤士）and“Hudson”（赫德森）isnamesofrivers.

3.1.2.Dwellingplaces

Field（费尔德田野）Hill（希尔小山）Brook（布鲁克小溪）Lane（莱蒽乡间小路）Shore（肖尔海滨）

3.1.3.Career

Baker（贝克面包师）Carpenter（卡朋特木匠）Fisher（费希尔渔夫）Hunter（亨特猎手）Butcher（布切尔屠夫）Manson（曼森泥瓦工）Merchant（默昌特商人）Sailor（塞尔水手）Scrivener（斯克莱文那公证人）Tailor（泰勒裁缝）Smith（史密斯铁匠）Goldsmith（古德史密斯金属铁匠）Tinsmith（廷史密斯白铁匠）Coppersmith（古柏史密斯铜匠）Blacksmith（布莱克史密斯铁匠）

3.1.4.Colors

Blue（布鲁蓝色）Brown（布朗褐色）Red（莱德红色）Green（格林绿色）Orange（奥兰治橙色）Black（布莱克黑色）Scarlet（斯卡丽特猩红色）White（怀特白色）

3.1.5.Familynames

TomJohnson（汤姆约翰逊）isthesonofTom