SCI论文中常用的表达方法.docx
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SCI论文中常用的表达方法
SCI论文中常用的表达方法
SCI论文写作中常用的表达方法
河北医科大学药学院天然药物教研室史清文教授
摘要：
要写好SCI论文，就需要建立一个适合自己需要的句型库（选择的词汇来源于SCI引用期刊论文Tetrahedron,TetrahedronLetterandJ.Nat.Prod,等）以及一些常用的各种核磁技术的文献。
本文根据自己体会以及多方资料整理（出处略），仅供研究生学习参考。
1引言部分（Introduction）
问题的提出；研究的现状及背景Background；以前工作基础；本工作的目的；思路（可提假说）；合适的切入点，以探讨……（目的）等。
PreviousWork：
说明自己与前人的不同：
将历史上前人的工作分成类别；对每项重要的历史工作进行简短的回顾，要正确，抓住要点，避免歧义；和自己提出的工作进行比较；公正评价前人的重要工作，不要过于苛刻；强调自己的工作和前人工作的不同，特色。
引用参考文献：
立论依据的文献特别是新的和权威性文献，如：
Nature、Science、JACS、JOJ、OL等，还要引用自己的工作表明工作连续性。
OurWork：
描述自己的工作，回顾研究背景，常用词汇有review,outline,summarize,present,describe等。
说明写作目的：
常用词汇有purpose,attempt,aim等。
介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围：
常用词汇有study,present,emphasize,include,focus,attention,emphasis,investigation,inderline等。
Despitethemanyvaluablediscoveriesmadethroughstudiesof….,the…remainvirtuallyunexploredfromachemicalstandpoint.Interestingstructures（diversityofsecondarymetabolites）discoveredfromthe……promoted（stimulated）ustoundertakeaninvestigationonthe（attractedourinterestinthechemicalstudiesoforinitiatedtoexamine….）orinthepursuitofecologicallyimportantmetabolitesfrom…anunambiguousstructuraldeterminationofthemweredesired.在叙述前人成果之后，用However来引导不足，提出一种新方法或新方向（Indeed）。
如：
However,littleinformation（littleattention/littlework/littledata/littleresearch……）（orfewstudies/fewinvestigations/fewresearchers/fewattempts……）（orno/noneofthesestudies……）has（have）beendoneon（focusedon/attemptedto/conducted/investigated/studied（withrespectto））。
如：
Previousresearch（studies,records）has（have）failedtoconsider/ignored/misinterpreted/neglectedto/overestimated,underestimated/misleaded.Thus,thesepreviousresultsareinconclusive,misleading,unsatisfactory,questionable,controversial.Uncertainties（discrepancies）stillexist……
研究方法和方向与前人一样时，可通过以下方式强调自己工作：
However,dataisstillscarce（rare,lessaccurate）orthereisstilldearthof……Weneedto（aimto,haveto）providemore
documents（data,records,studies,increasethedataset）.Furtherstudiesarestillnecessary（essential）……
提出自己的观点：
Weaimto/Thispaperreportson/Thispaperprovidesresults/Thispaperextendsthemethod/Thispaperfocuson……Thepurposeofthispaperisto……Furthermore,Moreover,Inaddition,wewillalsodiscuss……；Fromthechemicalpointofview,itisinterestingtounderlinethat….
2实验方法部分（Methods）
介绍研究或试验过程，常用词汇有：
test,study,analyze,investigate,examine,experiment,check,discuss,consider,analysis,ensure等。
说明研究或试验方法，常用词汇有：
measure,estimate,calculate等。
例：
GeneralExperimentalProcedures:
Solventsforextractionsandopencolumnchromatographywerereagent（analytical）gradeandusedwithoutfurtherpurification.Meltingpointsweredeterminedona…..apparatusandareuncorrected.
TheIRspectraweretakeninKBrpelletona...spectrophotometer.
OpticalrotationsweremeasuredusingaPerking-Elmermodel343digitalpolarimeterinchloroformat20°Cwithapathlengthof10cm（using10cmcelltube）recordedonthesodiumDline,usingasodiumlampoperatingat589nm.
UVspectrawererecorded（madeon）usingaJASCOmodelV-560UV/Visspectrophotometerinchloroform.
IRspectrawererun（performed）asthinfilmon（using）a….spectrophotometer.IRisindicativethepresencehydroxylgroup（abroadvibrationalbandaround3448cm-1）andacarbonylbandbetween1780-1658cm-1.
1Hand13CNMRspectrawereobtained（acquired）onaBrukermodelAMXorVarinUNITY500MHzspectrometerat500MHzfor1Hand125MHzfor13CinCDCl3assolventusingTMSasinternalstandard.CDCl3wasusedassolventandtetramethylsilane（TMS）asinternalstandard.Chemicalshiftswerereferencedrelativetothecorrespondingresidualsolventssignals（d
7.26/77.7,respectively）andaregivenonad（ppm）scaleandcouplingconstants（J）expressedinHz.Stereochemicaldesignationsandfollowingthechemicalshiftrefertotheprotonbelowandabovetheplane,respectively,oftheillustrateddrawing.Spin-coupledpatternsaredesignedasfollows:
s=singlet,d=doublet,t=triplet,q=quartet,m=multiplet,br=broadened,andh=hiddenoro=overlapped.Thespincouping（J）isgiveninparenthesesinHz,andreferstoseparationvaluessolelyforcharacterizationandmaynotbethetrueJasinnon-first-orderpatterns.SomehiddenpatternswereclarifiedbyhomonucleardecouplingandNOEstudiesandarereportedafterthehmdesignationinbrackets.Themultiplicitiesofthecarbonsignals（Methylene,
Methine,Methyl,orquternarycarbon）weredeterminedindirectlyfromHMQCexperiment.
HMQC[HeteronuclearMultipleQuantumCoherence,Bax,A.;Subramanian,S.J.Magn.Res.1986,67,565-569.]
HMBC[HeteronuclearMultipleBondCorrelation,Bax,A.;Summers,M.F.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1986,108,2093-2094.]
DEPT（DistortionlessEnhancementbyPolarizationTransfer）wasusedtosortCH3,CH2,CHand
C.
EI-MSweretaken（madeorobtained）onaMicromassmodelAutospec（70eV）spectrometer.AnalyticTLCwasperformedonprecoated0.25mmthickMerksilicagelF254aluminum-backedplateswithoutactivation.FractionswasmonitoredbyTLCwithvisualizationunderUVlight（254and365nm）andbydippingtheplatesintoasolutionof10%（v/v）H2SO4inEtOH.ThespotsweredetectedatUV（254nm）andvisualizedbysprayingwith5%H2SO4-ethanolreagentandheatingat140°C.
PreparedTLCwascarriedout（performed）onprecoatedSigel60F254plates（20´20cm,0.5mmlayerthickness,Merck）.Developedchromatogramsweredetectedbysprayingwith10%H2SO4-ethanol,followedbyheatingat100°Cfor5min.PTLCplatewascutintosmallstripsunderUV,ThecompoundswerecarefullyremovedbyscrapingoffthesilicagelattheappropriateRfandthemwereexhaustivelyextractedwithacetonitrile.Aftersolventevaporation,theresiduewasusedtorunNMR.
SephadexLH-20column,previouslyequilibratedwithsamemixtureofelute,werealsoutilizedforfurtherseparation（MeOHorMeOH:
dichloromethane）aseluent（apolarextractusingMeOH:
CHCl3=1:
1,polarusingMeOH:
CHCl3=4:
1orMeOHonlyasmobilephase）.
3实验结果讨论（DiscussionandSummary）
展示研究结果，常用词汇有：
show,result,disclose,present,displayed,infer等；介绍结论，常用词汇有introduce,summary,conclude，deduce等。
陈述论文的论点和作者的观点，常用词汇有：
report,suggest,expect,present,describe,argue等。
说明论证，常用词汇有：
support,provide,find,indicate,identify,confirm,clarify,demonstrate,imply,corroborate,evidence等。
推荐和建议，常用词汇有：
suggest,givesuggestion,recommendation,recommend,propose,necessity,expect，necessary,presume等。
例：
ResultandDiscussion:
UVabsorptionmaximaat315nmshowing（displayed）significantbathochromicshiftunderstrongalkalineconditions,indicating（wassupportive）thepresenceofphenolicfunctions
IRdatarevealedtheabsenceofabsorptionsforhydroxylgrouporunsaturation,suggestingthat
theoxygenisinvolvedinetherlinkagesandthatmoleculeistricyclic，etal.
FABMSspectrumrevealedthesodiumadduct（quasi-molecularion）[M+Na]+ionatm/zxx,suggestingMr=xxxandsolvingfor（Empiricalformula）,whichwasappropriateforthemolecularformulaCxHyOz,ThismolecularformulawascorroboratedbyHR-FAB-MS,whichwasconsistentwithdatafrom1Hand13CNMRspectra.
1H-NMRspectrumdisplayedsignalscorrespondingtoprotons,whichareinthevicinityofheteroatoms.（showed（disclosed）atotalprotonsattachedtocarbon,indicatingthepresenceof…）.Vicinalprotoncouplingconstantshavebeenveryusefulfortheconformationalanalysisofalargenumberoforganicsubstancesinviewoftheirknowndihedralangledependence.（Karplus,M.J.Chem.Phys.1959,30:
11.）
13C-NMRsignalscanbesorted（classified,defined）byDEPTexperimentsintomethyl,methylene,sp3methineandandsp2methineandsp3quaternarycarbon,sp2quaternarycarbonandoxygenatedsp2quaternarycarbonandcarbonylcarbon.DEPTexperimentsgroupedallofthecarbonsignalsintothefollowingassemblies:
1H-1HCOSYNMRspectrumwaspossibletodifferentiatehowmanydiscretedspinsystem.
HMBC（Bax,A.;Summers,M.F.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1986,108,2093-2094.）:
Fullassignmentsoftheprotonandcarbonsignalsweresecuredby1H-1HDQFCOSY,HSQC,andHMBCspectra.Toclarifytheintermolecularconnectivitiesofthepartialstructures,theHMBCexperimentwasperformed.
1H-1HDQFCOSY（Piantini,U.;Sorensen,O.W.;Ernst,R.R.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1982,104,H-13CTOCSY（Braunschweiler,L.;Ernst,R.R.J.Magn.Reson.1983,53,521.）
C-13CTOCSY（Kjellerg,A.;Nishida,T.;Weitraub,A.;Widmalm,G.NMRSpectroscopyofC-Enrichedpolysaccharides:
Applicationof136800.）11313C-13CTOCSYtoSugarsofDifferentConfiguration.Magn.Reson.Chem.1998,35,128-131.）
Stereochemistry:
Therelativestereostructureof…asshowninacomputer-generated3Ddrawingwasdeducedfromcross-peaksobservedinthephase-sensitiveNOESYspectrumand3Jprotoncouplingconstants.Onthebasisoftheaboveargument,therelativestereochemistryof…wasassigned（determined,deduced,established,andcharacterized）as…
CD（CircularDichroism:
Berova,N.,Nakanishi,K.,Woody,R.W.,Eds.,CircularDichroism2nded.;Wiley-VCH:
NewYork,2000.）
Cytotoxicityassay-ThebioassayforcytotoxicitywasperformedbyMTT
[3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide]assay（TwentymanP.R.andLuscombeM.,Astudyofsomevariablesinatetrazoliumdye（MTT）basedassayforcellgrowthandchemosensitivity.Br.J.Cancer1987,56,279D285.）
对于推断出的结论，通常可用：
Resultsindicate,infer,suggest,implythat……，更肯定一点是可用：
Weconfirmthat……或Webelievethat……，偶尔也用：
Weputforward（discover,observe）……"forthefirsttime"来强调自己的创新。
如果自己对所提出的观点不完全肯定，可用：
Wetentativelyputforward（interpretthisto…），或Theresultsmaybeduet
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