高考英语语法精要讲解.docx
《高考英语语法精要讲解.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高考英语语法精要讲解.docx(45页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![高考英语语法精要讲解.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2022-11/19/89775506-56d0-4beb-8d12-e815cf78652b/89775506-56d0-4beb-8d12-e815cf78652b1.gif)
高考英语语法精要讲解
高考英语语法精要讲解
名词
1、在句子里使用名词应注意的问题
名词的数:
单数、复数和不可数;
名词的格:
通格和属格(’s)
名词的限定:
特指、泛指、数量和习惯用法,即名词前加冠词或
其它限定词,例如:
some,many,this,my等
2、名词的数和单位词
1)复型名词+复数动词
Thetrousersaretoobigforme.Pleaseshowmethesmallerpair.
备用词:
shoes,stockings,glasses,socks
NOTICE:
Apairofglassescostsquitealot.
2)复型名词+单数动词
A.ThenewsonTVisseldomsatisfying.
备用词:
mathematics,physics,politics,means,works,theUnitedStates
B.Twentymilesisalongwaytowalk.
备用词:
fivepounds,twofeet,sixweeks
3)集合名词+复数名词
Thepolicehavesurroundedthebuilding.
Cattlearesellingforrecordprice(创记录).
备用词:
theenemy,(the)people
NOTICE:
表示由若干人组成的集合体的单数词常可作复数用,
但若把这个集合体看作整体就用作单数:
Myfamilyarewonderful.Theydoalltheycanforme.
Thefamilywhichnowconsistsoffourmembersatmostissmallerthanitusedtobe.
4)不可数名词作可数的情况
A.部分不可数名词可以有下列情况
a(an)+adj.+n.
Itlookslikerain.athirstyforknowledge(求知欲)
aheavyrainHehasagoodknowledgeofpolitics.
备用词:
snow,breakfast,wine,oil,education
B.口语特例(特定场合)
A(One)beer,please.
Twoteasandfourcoffees,please.
5)既是可数又是不可数的名词
Ibrokeaglassthismorning.(杯子)
Glassismadefromsand.(玻璃)
备用词:
paper/apaper,light(光)/alight(灯);
ice(冰)/anice(冰激凌),chicken(鸡肉)/achicken(雏鸡)
6)单位词
A.个数
apieceofinformation(furniture,advice…)
B.以形状表示个数
agrainofrice,aflightofstairs
C.容量
aboxofmatches,acupoftea
D.计量
ametreofcloth,atonofcoal
E.其它
a(new)setoftools(wires,teeth,rules)
3、名词的格:
1)’s的用法
A.与时间有关的名词
anight’ssleeptenminutes’walk
NOTICE:
atwo-hourwalk=twohours’walk
B.和else连用
bookcanthisbe?
A.Whoelse’s
B.Whoseelse
C.Who’selse
D.Whoseelse’s
(A)
C.‘s修饰的词,如果前面提到,可省略
ThisisJack’sbook,notTom’s.
ThisbookisJack’snotTom’s.
D.表示店、铺、家、诊所等,‘s后面的名词省略
attheGreen’s(house),atthedoctor’s(office)
2)OF结构表示所有关系
A.无生命的名词用of
thepriceofthesuccess
B.有生命的名词被一个短语或从句修饰而表示所有关系时用of
Can’tyoulookatthebookoftheboybehindyou?
3)双重所有格
‘s与of结构并用,此时of结构所修饰的名词前通常有a,an,two,some,that等
MissSmithisafriendofMary’smother’s.
thatbrotherofthegirl
4)名词+名词(名词用作形容词)
A.单数名词+名词 ashoe(flower)shopticketoffice
NOTICE:
thetailor’s(shop)
B.复数名词 + 名词
sportsmeetclothesshopwomenpilots
数词
1、数词在使用时应注意的问题
易错数词:
年月日及介词
计算用词
和数字相关的词
2、综合
1)数字表达:
123,856,709
onehundredandtwenty-threemillion,eighthundredandfifty-sixthousand,sevenhundredandnine
2)年月日
inthemorning;onthemorningofSeptember1;
inSeptember;in1988;onSeptember1(onthefirstofSeptember)
3、计算
+ Sixandfiveis(are)eleven.
Sixhundredplusfortyis(equals)sixhundredandforty.
- Fourfromsevenis(leaves)three.
Sixhundredminusonehundredequalsfivehundred.
X16x11=176
Sixteentimeselevenis(makes)onehundredandseventy-six.
÷9÷3=3
Ninedividedbythreeequalsthree.
4、dozen,score
A.threedozeneggs;threedozenoftheseeggs;dozensofeggs
B.threescoreyears;a(three)scoreofpeople;scoresoftimes
5、小数,分数,百分比引导的短语作主语时的主谓一致问题.
分数和百分数引导的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数应根据分数和百分数后面的名词来确定.如果是可数名词的复数,其谓语动词用复数形式;如果是不可数名词或单数可数名词其谓语动词用单数形式.
Morethan40percentofthestudentswearglasses.
70percentodthefund(资金)wassuppliedbytheGovernment.
6、“一个半...”的表达法.
onepoundandahalf,oneandahalfyears
冠词
1、冠词应注意的问题
习惯用法
同一名词前不同名词的比较
2、不定冠词
1)成对的名词(此类名词间常有一种自然的联系)
aknifeandfork
2)amost+n.“非常“
Thisisamostbeautifulcountry.
3)a(an)与one之区别
A.数字对比用one
Itwasonecoffeeweordered,nottwo.
B.对比
Aknifeisnogood. (刀子不行)
Oneknifeisnogood. (一把刀子不行)
C.通用
a(one)million,a(one)quarter
4)a(an)与every之比较:
threetimesayear;
twiceeverythreeyears
5)惯用法
A.Whatasurprise!
Whatalovelydress!
quiteanicedayratheragoodidea
suchafunnyexpression
B.toocoldadayHowlovelyadress!
sostrangeapersonasgoodamapas
3、定冠词
1)普通名词组成的专有名词theGreatWalltheSummerPalace
2)江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾thePacific(Ocean)
3)the+adj.(-ing;-ed)
A.指一类人,谓语用复数
Theoldarebeingtakengoodcareof.
B.指一类事,谓语用单数
Thebeautifulisnotalwaysthesameasthegood.
4)用在radio,piano,telephone,方位、次序、自然现象(rain)、身体
部位前Hehatesthetelephone.
5)被定语从句、介词短语、副词短语、不定式短语等修饰的名词前
Theboywhoyouarelookingfor(inblue,there,standingthere,
dressedinblue)isastudent.
4、零冠词
1)街道、广场、节假日、季节、月份、星期、棋类、球类等
NationalDay
NanjingRoad
2)职位充当补语、同位语时
Hewaselectedheadmasteroftheschool.
3)成对出现的成语
arminarm(手挽手),handinhand(手牵手),facetoface,
sidebyside(肩并肩),dayandnight,youngandold,
from