Chapter OneExercise 2.docx

Chapter OneExercise 2.docx

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ChapterOneExercise2

ChapterOneExercise2

I.Fillintheblanks.

1.Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis_____.

2.Modernlinguisticis_____inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.

3.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa_____study.

4.Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts._____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.

5.LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure'slangueandChomsky's_____.

6.Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’s_____oftherulesofhislanguage.

7.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalled________.

8._________referstoalanguageuser’sunderlyingknowledgeaboutthesystemofrules.

9.InSaussure’sview,languageisasystemofsigns,eachofwhichconsistsoftwoparts:

________and_________

10.Thedescriptionofalanguagebytakingafixedinstantasitspointofobservation

isa______study.

II.Choosethebestanswer.

1.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguagesuseas_____.

A.unnaturalB.somethingtobefeared

C.naturalD.abnormal

2._____isagrammaticaldescriptionofalanguagespeciallydesignedasanaidtoteachingthatlanguagetonativeorforeignlearners.

A.Descriptivegrammar

B.Prescriptivegrammar

C.Pedagogicalgrammar

D.Universalgrammar

3.InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosaysuisuipingan（everyyearbesafeandhappy）asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichthebelieversfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?

A.Interpersonal.B.Emotive.

C.Performative.D.Recreational.

4.Thefunctionofthesentence"Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade"is_____.

A.interrogativeB.directive

C.informativeD.performative

5.Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage?

-Aniceday,isn'tit?

-Right!

Ireallyenjoythesunlight.

A.Emotive.B.Phatic.

C.Performative.D.Interpersonal

6.Whichbranchoflinguisticsstudiesthesimilaritiesanddifferencesamonglanguages?

A.Diachroniclinguistics.

B.Synchroniclinguistics.

C.Prescriptivelinguistics.

D.Comparativelinguistics.

7._____referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser'sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.

A.PerformanceB.Competence

C.LangueD.Parole

8._____dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.

A.Linguisticgeography

B.Sociolinguistics

C.Appliedlinguistics

D.Comparativelinguistics

9.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe_______.

A.prescriptiveB.analytic

C.descriptiveD.linguistic

10.Saussuretooka（n）__________viewoflanguage,whileChomskylooksatlanguagefroma________pointofview.

A.sociological…psychological    B.psychological…sociological

 C.applied…pragmatic          D.semanticandlinguistic

III.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue[T]orfalse[F].

__1.Prescriptivelinguisticsismorepopularthandescriptivelinguistics,becauseitcantellushowtospeakcorrectlanguage.

__2.Competenceandperformancereferrespectivelytoalanguageuser'sunderlyingknowledgeaboutthesystemofrulesandtheactualuseoflanguageinconcretesituations.

___3.Bydiachronicstudywemeantostudythechangesanddevelopmentoflanguage.

__4.Langueisrelativelystableandsystematicwhileparoleissubjecttopersonalandsituationalconstraints.

____5.Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.

__6.Inlanguageclassroomsnowadaysthegrammartaughttostudentsisbasicallydescriptive,andmoreattentionispaidtothedevelopinglearners'communicativeskills.

___-7.Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.

_____8.Sussure'sexpositionofsynchronicanalysisledtotheschoolofhistoricallinguistics.

_____9.Thereisuniversalagreementabouttheoriginoflanguage.

______10.Appliedlinguisticsistheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning.

_____11.Phonologyisthestudyofspeechsoundsthathumanvoiceiscapableofcreatingwhereasphoneticsisthestudyofasubsetofthosesoundsthatconstitutelanguageandmeaning.

_____12.Morphologystudieshowwordscanbeformedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.

_____13.Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmorphemescanbecombinedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.

_____14.Syntaxisdifferentfrommorphologyinthattheformernotonlystudiesthemorph