Chapter OneExercise 2.docx

1、Chapter One Exercise 2Chapter One Exercise 2I. Fill in the blanks.1. Language has many functions. We can use language to talk about itself. This function is _. 2. Modern linguistic is _ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to ob

2、serve.3.The description of a language as it changes through time is a _ study. 4. Saussure put forward two important concepts. _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.5. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussures langue and Chomskys _.6. Chomsky defin

3、es “competence” as the ideal users _of the rules of his language.7. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called _. 8. _refers to a language users underlying knowledge about the system of rules.9. In Saussures view, language

4、 is a system of signs, each of which consists of two parts: _ and _ 10. The description of a language by taking a fixed instant as its point of observation is a _ study. II. Choose the best answer.1. A linguist regards the changes in language and languages use as _.A. unnatural B. something to be fe

5、aredC. natural D. abnormal2. _ is a grammatical description of a language specially designed as an aid to teaching that language to native or foreign learners.A. Descriptive grammarB. Prescriptive grammarC. Pedagogical grammarD. Universal grammar3. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate th

6、e host or the people present are likely to say sui sui ping an (every year be safe and happy) as a means of controlling the forces which the believers feel might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform?A. Interpersonal. B. Emotive.C. Performative. D. Recreational.4. The function of the s

7、entence Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade is _.A. interrogative B. directiveC. informative D. performative5. Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language? - A nice day, isnt it? - Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.A. Emotive. B. Phatic.C. Perfo

8、rmative. D. Interpersonal6. Which branch of linguistics studies the similarities and differences among languages?A. Diachronic linguistics.B. Synchronic linguistics.C. Prescriptive linguistics.D. Comparative linguistics.7. _ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language users knowledge of t

9、he rules of his language in utterances.A. Performance B. CompetenceC. Langue D. Parole8. _ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.A. Linguistic geographyB. SociolinguisticsC. Applied linguisticsD. Comparative linguistics9. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes

10、 the language people actually use, it is said to be _. A. prescriptive B. analytic C. descriptive D. linguistic 10. Saussure took a (n)_ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a _ point of view. A. sociologicalpsychologicalB. psychologicalsociological C. applied pragmatic D. semantic

11、 and linguistic III. Decide whether the following statements are true T or false F._ 1. Prescriptive linguistics is more popular than descriptive linguistics, because it can tell us how to speak correct language._ 2. Competence and performance refer respectively to a language users underlying knowle

12、dge about the system of rules and the actual use of language in concrete situations._ 3. By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of language. _ 4. Langue is relatively stable and systematic while parole is subject to personal and situational constraints._5. Language change i

13、s universal, ongoing and arbitrary._ 6. In language classrooms nowadays the grammar taught to students is basically descriptive, and more attention is paid to the developing learners communicative skills._-7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the so

14、unds to convey meaning in communication. _ 8.Sussure s exposition of synchronic analysis led to the school of historical linguistics._9. There is universal agreement about the origin of language. _10. Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching a

15、nd learning._ 11.Phonology is the study of speech sounds that human voice is capable of creating whereas phonetics is the study of a subset of those sounds that constitute language and meaning. _12. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences. _ 13. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology._14. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morph