最高考届高考英语语法精讲精练 专题十一 特殊句式倒装强调主谓一致等常考点.docx
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最高考届高考英语语法精讲精练专题十一特殊句式倒装强调主谓一致等常考点
专题十一 特殊句式(倒装、强调、主谓一致等)常考点
近几年,高考中有关特殊句式注重考查知识之间的交叉,因此,也加大了在语境中综合考查语法知识的力度。
在考查强调句的同时,把定语从句、省略句以及强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句等融合到一起,考查学生综合把握语法知识的能力。
强调句
①构成和判断:
“Itis/was+被强调的部分(时间状语/地点状语/原因状语/方式状语/名词/代词/从句)+that(指人可用who)+句子的其余部分”。
如:
Itwasbecausehewasillthathewasabsent.
②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句。
如:
Was_itonthestreetthat_youmetTom?
What_was_it_thatmadehimupset?
Doyouknowwhat_it_was_that_made_him_upset?
[注]强调句型用于宾语从句时应用陈述语序。
③notuntil的强调句,其结构为“Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+句子剩余部分”。
如:
ItwasnotuntilIcamebackthatheleft.
④强调谓语用“does/do/did+动词原形”。
如:
Hedidcomebackyesterday.
①Inmyopinion,Mr.White________goodtohisstudentsinhisclassatpresent.
A.doesdoesB.doesdid
C.doesdoD.diddo
②—Whatdidshewanttoknow,Tom?
—Shewondered________wecouldcompletetheexperiment.
A.whenwasit
B.itwaswhenthat
C.itwaswhen
D.whenitwasthat
③Itwasonthefarm________theyvisited________theygottoknow.
A.where;thatB.which;when
C.that;thatD.which;which
④—________thathemanagedtogettheinformation?
—Oh,afriendofhishelpedhim.
A.WherewasitB.Whatwasit
C.HowwasitD.Whywasit
⑤Itwasabout600yearsago________thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.
A.thatB.until
C.beforeD.when
【答案】①C ②D ③C ④C ⑤A
it用法
①指代上文的同名同物。
如:
Thereisnomorethanonecopyleft.Willyoubuyit?
②作形式主语和形式宾语。
如:
Itisimpossibletogetthereintime.
IoweittohimthatIcansucceed.
Weshouldbringittohisattentionthatheshouldworkhard.
③like/dislike/hate/appreciate/prefer/want/stand/...+it+从句
④dependon/relyon+it+从句;seeto+it+从句
⑤用于固定短语或句型中。
如:
getit/makeit/catchit/forgetit/it'sworthit/Ican'thelpit/assb.putit/meanit。
⑥指代时间、天气、距离、温度或在打电话、有人敲门等情形时。
①Idislike________whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.
A.itB.that
C.thisD.them
②Itworriedherabit________herhairwasturninggray.
A.whileB.that
C.ifD.for
③Youmustseeto________allthechildrenarebeingtakengoodcareof.
A.thatB.it
C.itthatD.whether
④________isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.
A.AsB.That
C.ThisD.It
【答案】①A ②B ③C ④D
倒装句
①表方式或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首,主语是名词时要全部倒装,且不用进行时倒装。
若主语为人称代词则不倒装。
如:
Incametheteacher.老师进来了。
Inhecame.他进来了。
②分词、形容词放在句首全部倒装。
如:
Hangingonthewallaretwopictures.
③“Only+副词/介词短语/状语从句”放在句首时倒装(在强调句中不可倒装,notuntil也是如此)。
如:
Onlythendidherealizehewaswrong.
Onlywhenyouworkhardwillyousucceed.
④否定词和否定短语(innocase,undernocircumstances,onnoaccount,innoway,onnocondition,bynomeans,atnotime)放在句首时倒装。
如:
Hesaidthatundernocircumstanceswould_he_give_up.
⑤Hardly/Scarcely...when...=Nosooner...than用过去完成时,主句倒装。
如:
Hardlyhadthefootballgamebegunwhenitstartedraining.
=Nosoonerhadthefootballgamebegunthanitstartedraining.
⑥notonly...but(also)...中notonly后的句子需倒装。
如:
Notonlyistheyoungmancleverbutalsoheishardworking.
⑦表示“A...B也(不)...”,用so,neither/nor倒装。
如:
HespeaksChinese,andsodoI.
Hedoesn'tspeakJapanese,andnor/neitherdoI.
⑧so/such...that...(如此……以至于)放在句首时倒装。
如:
Suchagoodteacheris_hethatwealllikehim.
Sogoodis_the_teacher_thatwealllikehim.
⑨as表示“虽然”时,用“名词(不带冠词)/形容词/副词/动词原形+as...”。
如:
Childasheis,heknowsalot.
⑩表虚拟语气中的had,were,should提到主语前。
如:
Wereittoraintomorrow,Iwouldnotgothere.
=Shoulditraintomorrow,Iwouldnotgothere.
HadIattendedthemeetingyesterday,Iwouldhaveseenhim.
①OnlywhenIleftmyparentsforItaly________howmuchIlovedthem.
A.IrealizedB.Ihadrealized
C.hadIrealizedD.didIrealize
②________,hisideawasacceptedbyallthepeopleatthemeeting.
A.Strangeasmightitsound
B.Asitmightsoundstrange
C.Asstrangeitmightsound
D.Strangeasitmightsound
③IhavebeenlivingintheUnitedStatesfortwentyyears,butseldom________solonelyasnow.
A.haveIfeltB.Ihadfelt
C.IhavefeltD.hadIfelt
④Sosudden________thattheenemyhadnotimetoescape.
A.didtheattackB.theattackdid
C.wastheattackD.theattackwas
⑤Notuntil________onTV________thattheChineseshipwasrescuedbytheEuropeanUnionTaskForce.
A.Iturned;didIknow
B.didIturn;didIknow
C.didIturn;Iknew
D.Iturned;Ihadknown
【答案】①D ②D ③A ④C ⑤A
主谓一致
①and连接同一个人、同一事物、同一概念时,谓语用单数。
如:
Thewriterandworkerisintheroom.
②动名词、不定式和从句作主语,谓语用单数。
如:
Educatinggirlsisveryimportant.
③度量衡、国家、报刊、组织、书等后的谓语用单数。
如:
5,000dollarsisalargesumofmoney.
④allof.../mostof.../someof.../halfof.../partof.../therestof.../百分数/分数词/……后的谓语用单数或复数取决于所修饰的名词。
如:
Allofthebookshavebeensoldout.
Allofthemoneyhasbeenlent.
⑤team/band/class/family/public/population/government/committee等集体名词作主语时,需根据其所表示的意思来确定谓语的单复数形式。
如:
Thefamilyismadeupoffivemembers.
ThefamilyarewatchingTV.
⑥“the