英美文学重点总结老师的讲义.docx

英美文学重点总结老师的讲义.docx

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英美文学重点总结老师的讲义

Name/CNName

Writer'sFeatures

Writings/CNWritings

Writing'sFeatures

EnglishLiterature

TheRenaissancePeriod

1.age:

1500-1660

2.background:

stimulatedbytherediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekclassic;England'sGoldenAge,especiallyinliterature;theChurchofEnglandbrokeawayfromtheCatholicChurch

3.features:

（1）Newpoeticalformsintroduced,e.g.blankverseandsonnet;

（2）theEnglishdramabaseditselfonthemodelsofRomanandGreekclassicsandtheprecedentsfromItalyandSpain

（3）theuniversaltendofhumanisminemphasizingman'sdignityandhisworldlyhappiness

EdmundSpenser

埃德蒙.斯賓賽

1.Thepoet'spoet;

2.Perfectmelody;araresenseofbeauty;asplendidimagination;aloftymoralpurityandseriousness;adedicatedidealism

TheFaerieQueen

仙后

（TheShepheadesCalender牧人日记;Epithalamion新婚喜歌）

Anallegory;"ahistoricalpoem"topresenttheexampleofaperfectgentleman;aherorepresentoneofthe12virtues;fiercewarresandfaithfulloves

ChristopherMarlowe

克里斯扥夫.馬洛

（Blankverse

Universitywit）

1.perfectedblankverseandturneditintotheprincipalmediumofEnglishdrama

2.createdaseriesofimagesoftheRenaissanceheroforEnglishdrama

DrFauctus

浮士德博士

ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLove多情的牧羊人致情人

1.symbolicofahumanistintheRenaissance;basedontheGermanlegendofamagicianaspiringforknowledgeandfinallymeetinghistragicendasaresultofsellinghissoultotheDevil

WilliamShakespeare

威廉.莎士比亞

Thegreatestplaywrightandthemostpopularsonnetwriter;acreationofcharacters;skillfulplotconstruction;irony;agooduseofalanguage;skilledinvariouspoeticforms;ofthreequatrainsandacouplet（三节四行诗加一节偶句）;nationalunityunderamightyandjustsovereignisanecessity—“TheKing’sgovernmentmustbecarriedon”（在一个强大英明的君主统治下的国家，统一是非常必要的）

（Eachherohashisweeknessofnature:

Hamlet,themelancholicscholar-prince,facesthedilemmabetweenactionandmind;Othello’sinnerweaknessismadeuseofbytheoutsideevilforce;theoldkingLearwhoisunwillingtototallygiveuphispowermakeshimselfsufferfromtreacheryandinfidelity;andMacbeth’slustforpowerstirsuphisambitionandleadshimtoincessantcrimes.）

literatureshouldbeacombinationofbeauty,kindnessandtruth,andshouldreflectnatureandreality

Sonnets

十四行詩

TheMerchantofVenice

威尼斯商人

Hamlet

哈姆雷特

（VenusandAdonis维纳斯和安东尼斯;TheRapeofLucrece鲁克丽斯受辱记;romantictragicomedies浪漫悲喜剧;RomeoandJuliet;

Shakespeare'sgreatesttragediesare:

Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth）

1.154poems;Englishform

2.ThetraditionalthemeoftheplayistopraisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaasaheroineofgreatbeauty,witandloyalty,andtoexposetheinsatiablegreedandbrutalityoftheJew.ManypeopletodaytendtoregardtheplayasasatireoftheChristians'hypocrisyandtheirfalsestandardsoffriendshipandlove,theircunningwaysofpursuingworldlinessandtheirunreasoningprejudiceagainstJews（Shylock）.

3.Amanofcontemplationratherthanaction;hasthequalitiesofa“blood-and-thunder”thrillerandaphilosophicalexplorationoflifeanddeath

FrancisBacon

弗蘭西斯.培根

awellknownphilosopherscientistandessayist;laysthefoundationofmodernscience;his"Essays"isanimportantlandmarkinthedevelopmentofEnglishprose

brevity\compactness\powerfulness

OfStudies

论学习

Itanalyzeswhatstudieschieflyservefor,thedifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies,andhowstudiesexertinfluenceoverhumancharater

JohnDonne

約翰.鄧恩

theleadingfigure（代表人物）ofthe"metaphysicalschool（玄学派）;hispoemscanbedividedintotwogroups:

thesecularandthereligious;sermons;ThesongsandSonnets

aseeminglyunfocuseddiversityofexperiencesandattitudesandafreerangeoffeelingsandmoods;dynamicratherthanstatic

TheSunRising

太阳升起

Death,BeNotProud

死神，莫骄横

（HolySonnets）

1.dramatizingandillustratingthestateofbeinginlove

2.aboldchallengetotheproudDeath

JohnMilton

約翰.彌爾頓

Aversatilewriter;fightforfreedominallaspectsasaChristianhumanist

ParadiseLost

失樂園

Satan,afterbeingdefeatedinhisrebelagainstGod,temptsAdamandEvetoeattheapplesfromtheForbiddenTree,andcausestheFallofMan

TheNeoclassicalPeriod

1.age:

1660-1798

2.background:

TheEnglishsocietyoftheneoclassicalperiodwasaturbulentone.FastdevelopmentofEnglandasanation;theAgeofEnlightenmentortheAgeofReason

3.features:

（1）afurtheranceoftheRenaissance–theEnlightenmentMovement,advocateduniversaleducation

（2）reason,"eternaltruth","eternaljustice","eternalequality"waswhathumansocietyshouldseekfor;advocateduniversaleducation

（3）revivingtheinterestinoldclassicalworks（neoclassicism）

（4）keeptoorder,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracy

（5）hadspecificrulesforalmosteverygenreofliterature

JohnBunyan

約翰.班楊

AsastoutPuritan,hehadmadeaconscientiousstudyoftheBibleandfirmlybelievedinsalvationthroughspiritualstruggle

Concreteandlivinglanguage\carefullyobservedandvividlypresenteddetail

ThePilgrim’sProgress

天路历程

（Symbolizeshumanworld,for"Allthecomethisvanity";everythingandanythinginthisworldis"vanity",havenovalueandnomeaning;butthistown"lay"inthewaytotheCelestialCity,meaningpilgrimshadtoresistthetemptationstherewhentheymadetheirwaythrough）

IsthemostsuccessfulreligiousallegoryintheEnglishlanguage;itspurposeistourgepeopletoabidebyChristiandoctrinesandseeksalvationthroughconstantstruggleswiththeirownweaknessandallkindsofsocialevils

AlexanderPope

亞歷山大.蒲伯

Stronglyadvocatedneoclassicism,emphasizingthatliteraryworksshouldbejudgedbyclassicalrulesoforder,reason,logic,restrainedemotion,goodtasteanddecorum

Satiric\concise\smooth\graceful\well-balancedstyle

OnCriticism

論批評

acomprehensivestudyofthetheoriesofliterarycriticism;atypicaldidacticone;writtenintheformofheroiccouplets,it'splaininstyleanditiseasytoread.

DanielDefoe

丹尼爾.笛弗

Averygoodstory-teller;hissentencesaresometimesshort,crispandplain,andsometimeslongandrambling,whichleaveonthereaderanimpressionofcasualnarration

Smooth\easy\colloquial\mostlyvernacular

RobinsonCrusoe

鲁宾逊漂流记

Adventureonadesertedisland;depictsaherogrowsfromaninexperiencedyouthontoashrewdandhardenedman;asongofcourage,wisdom,struggleagainstthehostilenaturalenvironment

JonathanSwift

喬納森.斯威特

Isalmostunsurpassedinthewritingofsimple,direct,preciseprose;“properwordsinproperplaces”

Clear\simple\concretediction\uncomplicatedsentencestructure\economyandconcisenessoflanguage

Gulliver’sTravels

格列佛遊記

Fourplaces:

Lilliput,Brobdingnag,theflyingisland;Houyhnhnm

HenryFielding

亨利.菲爾丁

Firstofallthe18thcenturyEnglishnovelisttowritethe"comicepicinprose";thefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle;usethethird-personnarration;“FatheroftheEnglishNovel”;“thejustcopiesofhumanmanners”

Easy\unlaboured\familiar\extremelyvividandvigorous\logicandrhythm

TomJones

湯姆.琼斯

SamuelJohnson

賽繆爾.約翰遜

Verymuchconcernedwiththethemeofthevanityofhumanwishes;nomatterhowcomplexhissentencesare,thethoughtisalwaysclearlyexpressed

TotheRightHonorabletheEarlofChesterfield

致可敬的吉士菲尔伯爵书

AstrongindignationattheEarl'sfame-fishing;implyingwritersindependenceineconomyandwriting;openanewerainthedevelopmentofliterature

RichardBrinsleySheridan

理查德.比.謝立丹

TheonlyimportantEnglishdramatistoftheeighteenthcentury;inhisplays,moralityistheconstanttheme

TheSchoolofScandal

造谣学校

Astoryabouttwobrothers

ThomasGray

扥馬斯.格雷

Theleaderofthesentimentalpoetryoftheday,especially“theGraveyardSchool”

ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard墓园挽歌

Reflectsondeath,thesorrowoflife,andthemysteriesofhumanlifewithatouchofhispersonalmelancholy

TheRomanticPeriod

1.age:

1798-1870

2.background:

comingalongwiththeFrenchRevolutionandtheIndustrialRevolution

3.features:

（1）contrarywiththeneoclassicism:

emphasizethatmanhaveincommon,focusesonthespecialqualitiesofindividualmind

（2）tendtoprobeintotheinnerworldofthehumanspiritrathernarratedailyhappeningsofthehumanworld

（3）employruralscenery,legendaryandmythological,storiesofancienttimes,figuresfromcountryandOrientals

（4）produceanumberofgreatpoets,theRomanticperiodisanageofpoetry

（5）thefocusoftheeverydaylifeofhumanbeingsintheAgebroughtabouttheflourishingoffamiliaressays

WilliamBlake

威廉.布萊克

ThefirstimportantRomanticpoet;thespokesmanofvevolt;took“ThisWorld”as“aWorldofImaginationandVision”,declaringthat“TheNatureofmyworkisvisionaryandimaginative”

Plain\direct\lyricbeauty\symbolism

TheChimneySweeper/SongsofInnocence

扫烟囱的孩子/天真之歌

TheChimneySweeper/SongsofExperience

扫烟囱的孩子/經驗之歌

TheTiger老虎

1.indicatestheconditionsoftheexploitationofchildlabor,whichmakereligionaconsolation;

2.revealsthetruenatureofreligionwhichhelpsbringmiserytothepoorchildren

WilliamWordsworth

威廉.華茲華斯

A“worshipperofnature”;apoetinmemoryofthepast,tohim,lifeisacyclicaljourney,itsbeginningfinallyturnsouttobeitsend;Advocatethewritingofthecommonpeopleinordinarylanguage;thejoysandsorrowsofthecommonpeoplearehisthemes;naturalscenerywithitsbeautyandmysteryactsalsoasoneofhisfavoritethemes,thepoorinruralplaces;revealtheinnerworkingsofindividual’smind;theseemingsimplicityofthepoetbothindictionanddescriptionis