最新英美文学重点总结老师的讲义Word文档格式.docx

最新英美文学重点总结老师的讲义Word文档格式.docx

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spoet;

2.Perfectmelody;

araresenseofbeauty;

asplendidimagination;

aloftymoralpurityandseriousness;

adedicatedidealism

TheFaerieQueen

仙后

（TheShepheadesCalender牧人日记;

Epithalamion新婚喜歌）

Anallegory;

"

ahistoricalpoem"

topresenttheexampleofaperfectgentleman;

aherorepresentoneofthe12virtues;

fiercewarresandfaithfulloves

ChristopherMarlowe

克里斯扥夫.馬洛

（Blankverse

Universitywit）

1.perfectedblankverseandturneditintotheprincipalmediumofEnglishdrama

2.createdaseriesofimagesoftheRenaissanceheroforEnglishdrama

DrFauctus

浮士德博士

ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLove多情的牧羊人致情人

1.symbolicofahumanistintheRenaissance;

basedontheGermanlegendofamagicianaspiringforknowledgeandfinallymeetinghistragicendasaresultofsellinghissoultotheDevil

WilliamShakespeare

威廉.莎士比亞

Thegreatestplaywrightandthemostpopularsonnetwriter;

acreationofcharacters;

skillfulplotconstruction;

irony;

agooduseofalanguage;

skilledinvariouspoeticforms;

ofthreequatrainsandacouplet（三节四行诗加一节偶句）;

nationalunityunderamightyandjustsovereignisanecessity—“TheKing’sgovernmentmustbecarriedon”（在一个强大英明的君主统治下的国家，统一是非常必要的）

（Eachherohashisweeknessofnature:

Hamlet,themelancholicscholar-prince,facesthedilemmabetweenactionandmind;

Othello’sinnerweaknessismadeuseofbytheoutsideevilforce;

theoldkingLearwhoisunwillingtototallygiveuphispowermakeshimselfsufferfromtreacheryandinfidelity;

andMacbeth’slustforpowerstirsuphisambitionandleadshimtoincessantcrimes.）

literatureshouldbeacombinationofbeauty,kindnessandtruth,andshouldreflectnatureandreality

Sonnets

十四行詩

TheMerchantofVenice

威尼斯商人

Hamlet

哈姆雷特

（VenusandAdonis维纳斯和安东尼斯;

TheRapeofLucrece鲁克丽斯受辱记;

romantictragicomedies浪漫悲喜剧;

RomeoandJuliet;

Shakespeare'

sgreatesttragediesare:

Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth）

1.154poems;

Englishform

2.ThetraditionalthemeoftheplayistopraisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaasaheroineofgreatbeauty,witandloyalty,andtoexposetheinsatiablegreedandbrutalityoftheJew.ManypeopletodaytendtoregardtheplayasasatireoftheChristians'

hypocrisyandtheirfalsestandardsoffriendshipandlove,theircunningwaysofpursuingworldlinessandtheirunreasoningprejudiceagainstJews（Shylock）.

3.Amanofcontemplationratherthanaction;

hasthequalitiesofa“blood-and-thunder”thrillerandaphilosophicalexplorationoflifeanddeath

FrancisBacon

弗蘭西斯.培根

awellknownphilosopherscientistandessayist;

laysthefoundationofmodernscience;

his"

Essays"

isanimportantlandmarkinthedevelopmentofEnglishprose

brevity\compactness\powerfulness

OfStudies

论学习

Itanalyzeswhatstudieschieflyservefor,thedifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies,andhowstudiesexertinfluenceoverhumancharater

JohnDonne

約翰.鄧恩

theleadingfigure（代表人物）ofthe"

metaphysicalschool（玄学派）;

hispoemscanbedividedintotwogroups:

thesecularandthereligious;

sermons;

ThesongsandSonnets

aseeminglyunfocuseddiversityofexperiencesandattitudesandafreerangeoffeelingsandmoods;

dynamicratherthanstatic

TheSunRising

太阳升起

Death,BeNotProud

死神，莫骄横

（HolySonnets）

1.dramatizingandillustratingthestateofbeinginlove

2.aboldchallengetotheproudDeath

JohnMilton

約翰.彌爾頓

Aversatilewriter;

fightforfreedominallaspectsasaChristianhumanist

ParadiseLost

失樂園

Satan,afterbeingdefeatedinhisrebelagainstGod,temptsAdamandEvetoeattheapplesfromtheForbiddenTree,andcausestheFallofMan

TheNeoclassicalPeriod

1660-1798

TheEnglishsocietyoftheneoclassicalperiodwasaturbulentone.FastdevelopmentofEnglandasanation;

theAgeofEnlightenmentortheAgeofReason

（1）afurtheranceoftheRenaissance–theEnlightenmentMovement,advocateduniversaleducation

（2）reason,"

eternaltruth"

"

eternaljustice"

eternalequality"

waswhathumansocietyshouldseekfor;

advocateduniversaleducation

（3）revivingtheinterestinoldclassicalworks（neoclassicism）

（4）keeptoorder,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracy

（5）hadspecificrulesforalmosteverygenreofliterature

JohnBunyan

約翰.班楊

AsastoutPuritan,hehadmadeaconscientiousstudyoftheBibleandfirmlybelievedinsalvationthroughspiritualstruggle

Concreteandlivinglanguage\carefullyobservedandvividlypresenteddetail

ThePilgrim’sProgress

天路历程

（Symbolizeshumanworld,for"

Allthecomethisvanity"

;

everythingandanythinginthisworldis"

vanity"

havenovalueandnomeaning;

butthistown"

lay"

inthewaytotheCelestialCity,meaningpilgrimshadtoresistthetemptationstherewhentheymadetheirwaythrough）

IsthemostsuccessfulreligiousallegoryintheEnglishlanguage;

itspurposeistourgepeopletoabidebyChristiandoctrinesandseeksalvationthroughconstantstruggleswiththeirownweaknessandallkindsofsocialevils

AlexanderPope

亞歷山大.蒲伯

Stronglyadvocatedneoclassicism,emphasizingthatliteraryworksshouldbejudgedbyclassicalrulesoforder,reason,logic,restrainedemotion,goodtasteanddecorum

Satiric\concise\smooth\graceful\well-balancedstyle

OnCriticism

論批評

acomprehensivestudyofthetheoriesofliterarycriticism;

atypicaldidacticone;

writtenintheformofheroiccouplets,it'

splaininstyleanditiseasytoread.

DanielDefoe

丹尼爾.笛弗

Averygoodstory-teller;

hissentencesaresometimesshort,crispandplain,andsometimeslongandrambling,whichleaveonthereaderanimpressionofcasualnarration

Smooth\easy\colloquial\mostlyvernacular

RobinsonCrusoe

鲁宾逊漂流记

Adventureonadesertedisland;

depictsaherogrowsfromaninexperiencedyouthontoashrewdandhardenedman;

asongofcourage,wisdom,struggleagainstthehostilenaturalenvironment

JonathanSwift

喬納森.斯威特

Isalmostunsurpassedinthewritingofsimple,direct,preciseprose;

“properwordsinproperplaces”

Clear\simple\concretediction\uncomplicatedsentencestructure\economyandconcisenessoflanguage

Gulliver’sTravels

格列佛遊記

Fourplaces:

Lilliput,Brobdingnag,theflyingisland;

Houyhnhnm

HenryFielding

亨利.菲爾丁

Firstofallthe18thcenturyEnglishnovelisttowritethe"

comicepicinprose"

thefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle;

usethethird-personnarration;

“FatheroftheEnglishNovel”;

“thejustcopiesofhumanmanners”

Easy\unlaboured\familiar\extremelyvividandvigorous\logicandrhythm

TomJones

湯姆.琼斯

SamuelJohnson

賽繆爾.約翰遜

Verymuchconcernedwiththethemeofthevanityofhumanwishes;

nomatterhowcomplexhissentencesare,thethoughtisalwaysclearlyexpressed

TotheRightHonorabletheEarlofChesterfield

致可敬的吉士菲尔伯爵书

AstrongindignationattheEarl'

sfame-fishing;

implyingwritersindependenceineconomyandwriting;

openanewerainthedevelopmentofliterature

RichardBrinsleySheridan

理查德.比.謝立丹

TheonlyimportantEnglishdramatistoftheeighteenthcentury;

inhisplays,moralityistheconstanttheme

TheSchoolofScandal

造谣学校

Astoryabouttwobrothers

ThomasGray

扥馬斯.格雷

Theleaderofthesentimentalpoetryoftheday,especially“theGraveyardSchool”

ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard墓园挽歌

Reflectsondeath,thesorrowoflife,andthemysteriesofhumanlifewithatouchofhispersonalmelancholy

TheRomanticPeriod

1798-1870

comingalongwiththeFrenchRevolutionandtheIndustrialRevolution

（1）contrarywiththeneoclassicism:

emphasizethatmanhaveincommon,focusesonthespecialqualitiesofindividualmind

（2）tendtoprobeintotheinnerworldofthehumanspiritrathernarratedailyhappeningsofthehumanworld

（3）employruralscenery,legendaryandmythological,storiesofancienttimes,figuresfromcountryandOrientals

（4）produceanumberofgreatpoets,theRomanticperiodisanageofpoetry

（5）thefocusoftheeverydaylifeofhumanbeingsintheAgebroughtabouttheflourishingoffamiliaressays

WilliamBlake

威廉.布萊克

ThefirstimportantRomanticpoet;

thespokesmanofvevolt;

took“ThisWorld”as“aWorldofImaginationandVision”,declaringthat“TheNatureofmyworkisvisionaryandimaginative”

Plain\direct\lyricbeauty\symbolism

TheChimneySweeper/SongsofInnocence

扫烟囱的孩子/天真之歌

TheChimneySweeper/SongsofExperience

扫烟囱的孩子/經驗之歌

TheTiger老虎

1.indicatestheconditionsoftheexploitationofchildlabor,whichmakereligionaconsolation;

2.revealsthetruenatureofreligionwhichhelpsbringmiserytothepoorchildren

WilliamWordsworth

威廉.華茲華斯

A“worshipperofnature”;

apoetinmemoryofthepast,tohim,lifeisacyclicaljourney,itsbeginningfinallyturnsouttobeitsend;

Advocatethewritingofthecommonpeopleinordinarylanguage;

thejoysandsorrowsofthecommonpeoplearehisthemes;

naturalscenerywithitsbeautyandmysteryactsalsoasoneofhisfavoritethemes,thepoorinruralplaces;

revealtheinnerworkingsofindividual’smind;

theseemingsimplicityofthepoetbothindictionandde