版二轮复习英语练酷版练习专题一 习题讲评 课七.docx
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版二轮复习英语练酷版练习专题一习题讲评课七
2019年4月
主旨大意题增分点(三)——写作意图题
[典例] (2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B节选)
IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.Idon’tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.
ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV...
...
Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He’dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn’ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn’tneedalotofwords.
27.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?
A.Toshowhisloveoffilms.
B.Torememberafriend.
C.Tointroduceanewmovie.
D.Tosharehisactingexperience.
[详细分析] 选B 本文是按照时间顺序写的,从与保罗的最初相见,到友谊慢慢加深,以及几个月前去看生病的保罗。
根据全文内容,尤其是第一段中的“IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968”以及最后一段中的“Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.”可知,作者写此文的意图是回忆一位朋友,故选B项。
[干扰项分析] A项断章取义,作者对电影的热爱不是写此文的目的;C项无中生有,文章并没有介绍一部新电影;D项断章取义,分享自己的表演经历在文中一笔带过,并没有重点写,不是写此文的目的。
[增分技巧] 明确文章体裁,巧妙确定写作意图
写作意图题要求考生在理解文章主旨的基础上,根据文章的论述,推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。
题干中常有purpose,inorderto等词。
不同体裁的文章写作意图是不同的。
体裁
写作意图
广告
推销某种产品或某种服务,或是通过对影片、电视节目、旅游景点等的介绍以吸引更多的观众、读者或游客等
说明文
向人们展示某物的用途或制作过程
研究报告
向人们展示某种研究结果
议论文
论述一个道理或表达一个观点
记叙文
向人们分享经历、叙述一件事情或表达感情等
解答写作意图题要通过文章中的文字表述、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知信息,推断出作者没有直接表达出的态度和观点。
注意总结性的提示词和转折词,特别要注意中心句。
训练目标
(一)
对点练——攻克失分短板
A(2018·浙江高考阅读A节选)
...
HowdidDickensgettothetop?
Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf-dozenofthem.It’spartlytruethatDickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit’salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.
23.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?
A.Torememberagreatwriter.
B.TointroduceanEnglishnovel.
C.Toencouragestudiesonculture.
D.TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.
详细分析:
选A 根据本段对查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写,和本段最后一句可知,本文是写于查尔斯·狄更斯诞辰200周年前夕,由此可知作者写本文的意图是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。
故选A。
B(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A节选)
...
◆SupportPacificScienceCenter
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23.Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?
A.Toencouragedonations.
B.Toadvertisecomingevents.
C.Tointroducespecialexhibits.
D.TotellabouttheCenter’shistory.
详细分析:
选A 根据本段小标题SupportPacificScienceCenter以及最后两句可知,太平洋科学中心(PacificScienceCenter)的成长和发展离不开个人、企业和社会团体的慷慨解囊,因此本部分的写作意图是为了鼓励大家以各种方式支持太平洋科学中心,这其中当然包括捐助。
C(2016·北京高考阅读A节选)
December15,2014
DearAlfred,
Iwanttotellyouhowimportantyourhelpistomylife.
Growingup,IhadpeopletellingmeIwastooslow,though,withanIQof150+at17,I’manythingbutstupid.ThefactwasthatIwasfoundtohaveADHD(注意力缺陷多动障碍).Anxiousallthetime,Iwasunabletokeepfocusedformorethananhouratatime.
...
Thankyou.You’vegivenmehopethatIcanfollowmyheart.Forthefirsttime,IfeelgoodaboutmyselfbecauseI’mdoingsomething,notbecausesomeonetoldmeIwasdoinggood.Ifeelwhole.
Thisiswhyyou’resavingmylife.
Yours,
Tanis
58.Taniswrotethisletterinorderto.
A.explainwhyshewasinterestedinthecomputer
B.sharetheideasshehadforherprofession
C.showhowgratefulshewastothecenter
D.describethecoursesshehadtakensofar
详细分析:
选C 根据第一段“Iwanttotellyouhowimportantyourhelpistomylife.”可知,作者在文章开头直接说明写信的目的“我想要告诉你,你的帮助对我的人生是多么重要”;倒数第二段中的“Thankyou.”再次表明本文的写作意图是:
塔尼斯表达对这个学习中心的感激之情。
故选C。
训练目标
(二)
综合练——提高解题速度
(加★的题目为写作意图题)
A
“Sorryseemstobethehardestword”—thatisoneofEltonJohn’smostpopularsongs.Butnoteverypublicfigureseemstofinditsotoughtosaythatpowerfulfiveletterword.
Inrecentdayspublicfigures,frompoliticianstostars,haveallpubliclyexpressedremorse.Butwithsomuchremorse,howcanwetellaforcedapologyfromaheartfeltexpressionofremorse?
Specifically,sayingsorryshouldbearealizationthatsomethingyouhavesaidordonehashurtsomeoneandyouwanttomakeamends(弥补),“Peoplewanttheresponsetobepersonaltothem.Theywanttofeelthatthey’rebeinglistenedtoandtakenseriously,”saysMartinStone.
Firstly,itisimportanttoshowthatyouunderstand.Itisvitalthatanygrouporapersonmakinganapologyunderstandsthefocus—isitsorryforthewayit’sactedorisitsorrythatthecomplainantfeelsthewaytheydo?
Watchoutforthespeedofresponse.Thequickertheapologycomes,thebetteritindicatesthatthepersonmakingithasfeltanimmediatesenseofguilt.
Ifsincere,thepersonmakingtheapologywillbelookingforclues(线索)toseeifheorsheisbeingunderstood,suchaseyecontactandfacialexpressions.Performedapologiesalwayshaveasenseofbeing“actedout”,andareoftenaccompaniedbytoomanyunnaturalgestures.
Forasincereapology,itisalsoimportanttoavoidpromisesthatcan’tbekept.Don’tsaythatyou’llmakesurethatthiswillnothappenagainifyou’renotconfidentthatitwon’t.Itcouldcomebacktobiteyou.Anddorememberthattheuseof“but”canhugelychangethetone(语气)ofanapology.AsStonepointsout,“I’msorrybut...”soundslikeyouaremakingexcusesandaren’tactuallytakinganyformofresponsibility.
语篇解读:
本文是一篇说明文。
如何辨别道歉是真心还是假意?
文章给你提出了一些建议。
★1.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?
A.Toexplainwhatagoodapologyis.
B.Todiscusshowtogiveaformalapology.
C.Toshowwhyweshouldapologizeinlife.
D.Toteachushowtotellifanapologyissincere.
详细分析:
选D 写作意图题。
通读全文,尤其根据第二段的第二句可知,本文主要告诉我们如何分辨一个人的道歉是真心还是假意。
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“remorse”probablymean?
A.Pain. B.Worry.
C.Regret.D.Doubt.
详细分析:
选C 词义猜测题。
结合第一段的“Butnoteverypublicfigureseemstofinditsotoughtosaythatpowerfulfiveletterword.”可知,最近一些公众人物公开致歉,也就是表达“懊悔”,对于他们来说道歉并不是那么难的事情。
3.Whichofthefollowingindicatesit’sa“performed”apology?
A.Swearingitwillnothappenagain.
B.Avoidingeyecontactwiththelistener.
C.Showingyouunderstandhis/herfeelings.
D.Payingattentiontothelistener’sreaction.
详细分析:
选B 推理判断题。
根据第六段的内容可知,如果一个人是真心表达歉意,他会关注道歉对象的反应,比如用眼神交流或者观察面部表情。
假意的道歉则不会这么做。
4.Whatisstressedinthelastparagraph?
A.Theattitude.B.Thetoneofvoice.
C.Thebodylanguage.D.Thechoiceoflanguage.
详细分析:
选D 细节理解题。
根据最后一段中的“avoidpromisesthatcan’tbekept”和“theuseof‘but’”可知,最后一段是针对道歉的语言选择给出了建议。
B
Ientermyfamilyhomeonelasttime.ItisthefirstandonlyhousemyfamilyownedinCanadaanditisabouttobesold.Istandinthequietlivingroom.Everythingiskeptinitsoriginalstate,untilnextweekwhenthecontentswillbemovedtomakewayforthenewowners.
Intheadvertisementsellingthehouse,thehouseagentdescribeditas“adoll’shouse”.Aperfectdescription.AsIwanderthroughthelittlerooms,itstillamazesmethatthesixofuscoexistedhereaswellaswedid.
Iwalkacrosstomyparents’bedroom:
Itisthisroomthatwillbethehardesttoleave.Itiswheremymotherandfatherplayedouttheirdailyritual(习惯)asshenearedtheend.Whileshesleptmyfathersatatthefootofthebed,pretendingtoread,watchfulofhereverymove.Nomatterhowstealthily(偷偷地)heattemptedtoleaveshewouldfeelit.
“Whereareyougoing,James?
”shewouldaskinhersoftScottishtones(语调).
“I’llbeback,Cathy,”hepromised.
“AslongasIknowyou’rethere,”shewouldsay.
Myfatherdiedsuddenlyoneyearafterlosingmymom.Aweekbeforeithappened,hesaid,“Singnosadsongsforme,girl.IlivedthelifeIwanted.”Ithinkofthosewordsnowashislastandmostpreciousgifttome.
Itistimetogo.Idoanotherquickcheckthroughtheroomsandlockthedoor.AsIdrivedownthestreet,outofhabitIglanceinmyrearviewmirrorandcanalmostseemymother,standingatthebottomofthedrivewayseeingmeoff.
“Loveyou,baby,”shewouldcallaftermeinhersweetScotsaccent,wavingherarmuntilIwasoutofhersight.
语篇解读:
本文是一篇记叙文。
作者最后一次回到一家人曾一起生活过的小屋,重温他们在那里度过的美好时光。
5.Whywastheauthor’shousecalled“adoll’shouse”?
A.Itwassmallinsize.
B.Itwasfilledwithdolls.
C.Itwasdesignedbygirls.
D.Itwasbeautifullydecorated.
详细分析:
选A 细节理解题。
根据第二段最后一句可知,作者走进他们一家人曾住过的小房子里,感叹他们六个人怎么能挤在这么小的房子里还过得那么开心。
此处的little是提示词。
adoll’shouse用比喻的手法形容作者家的房子小得像是给玩偶住的。
6.Whatdidtheritualoftheauthor’sparentsshow?
A.Theywerewellbehaved.
B.Theydistrustedeachother.
C.Theylackedcommunication.
D.Theyhelddeepaffectionforeachother.
详细分析:
选D 推理判断题。
根据第三段最后两句及下文作者父母间的对话可知,他们的一举一动都流露出对彼此深深的爱。
7.Whatwasthefinalpresenttheauthorreceivedfromherfather?
A.Asongf