版二轮复习英语练酷版练习专题一 习题讲评 课一.docx
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版二轮复习英语练酷版练习专题一习题讲评课一
2019年4月专题一阅读理解
细节理解题增分点
(一)——间接细节理解题
细节理解题常分为直接细节理解题、间接细节理解题和概括细节理解题。
间接细节理解题相对于直接细节理解题而言难度要大,命题的迷惑性更大,因为此类题目的正确选项都经过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换,两者存在表达上的差异。
考生不能从原文中直接找到答案,而是要对原文信息稍加归纳才能得出正确答案。
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B节选)
...
Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白质),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物质).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?
However,theyarerichinvitaminC.
...
24.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?
A.Theycontainprotein.
B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.
C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.
D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.
[详细分析] 选C 在该选段中,作者比较了草莓、蓝莓、樱桃和核桃类水果各自不同的优点,从其中“Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?
”这句话可知,人们喜欢樱桃是因为它们味道甜美。
C项中的“haveapleasanttaste”与文中的“aresodelicious”意义吻合。
[干扰项分析] A项是raspberries的特征;B项是对“yellowandorangestonefruits”的特征的曲解;D项是blueberries(蓝莓)的特征。
[增分技巧] 间接信息题相比直接信息题,命题的隐蔽性更强,正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。
在做间接细节理解题时,要做到“两关注”“一防范”。
“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征:
一是同义词替换或释义,即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面,来表达相同的意思;二是对文章信息的归纳。
“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的迷惑性,错误选项常使用诸如张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意、颠倒是非、正误参半等方式来造成句意的改变。
训练目标
(一)
对点练——攻克失分短板
A(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读D节选)
...
Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,”heexplains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.”
...
33.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?
A.Showinggoodmanners.
B.Relatingtootherpeople.
C.Focusingonatopic.
D.Makingbusinessdeals.
详细分析:
选B 由该选段最后卡尔杜齐说的话可知,成功的闲聊的关键是学会怎样与他人产生联系,而不只是与他人交流,文中的connectwith与B项的relateto的含义是一致的,表示“与……联系”。
B(2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B节选)
IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.Idon’tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.
...
24.Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst?
A.PaulNewmanwantedit.
B.Thestudiopowersdidn’tlikehisagent.
C.Hewasn’tfamousenough.
D.Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.
详细分析:
选C 根据选段中“Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul...”可知,工作室不想让“我”拍这部电影是因为想找一名与保罗一样出名的演员出演。
本题命题人在C项中对文中信息进行了同义替换,用famous替换wellknown。
C(2017·全国卷Ⅲ阅读B节选)
...
ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithtearyeyedaudiencewantingtosaygoodbyetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.
...
25.WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon?
A.Itwasanalltimeclassic.
B.Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.
C.Theaudiencerequestedit.
D.Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.
详细分析:
选D 根据选段中的“TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.”可知,电影TheLastPictureShow讲述的内容和剧院的命运一样,剧院经理EdBradford认为放映此部电影非常契合此时的情景。
原文中的“appropriate”和D项的“suitable”为同义词,都表示“合适的”,故答案为D。
D(2018·北京高考阅读A节选)
...
Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!
AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.
...
38.Howwastheauthor’sfirstmarathon?
A.Hemadeit. B.Hequithalfway.
C.Hegotthefirstprize.D.Hewalkedtotheend.
详细分析:
选A 根据选段可知,作者坚持到了最后,而且得到了一块奖牌,虽然不是第一名,由此可归纳出“他成功地跑完了这次马拉松”。
makeit意为“达到预定目标,获得成功”。
故选A。
训练目标
(二)
综合练——提高解题速度
(加黑的题目为细节理解题,加★的为间接细节理解题)
A
ParkwayCentralLibraryEvents
SummerThymeCooks
NowthroughWednesday,May10
SummerThymeCooksisaFREEcookingprogramforteensenteringgrades7-12.Infourweeklyhandsonclasses,studentswilllearnthefundamentalsofcooking.Foodismeanttobeshared,soeveryclassendswithafamilystylemeal.Studentsgohomeeachweekwithanewrecipeandagrocerybagfilledwithhealthy,freshingredients(原料)sotheycancookwiththeirfamilies!
Questions?
CallJamieat2156865323.
WetheDetectivesFamilyFun
Monday,May15
Thebestwayforyouthandfamiliestospotwhat’sinsideourdoorsistoattendourFamilyEvent,takingplaceonMay15from10:
30a.m.to12:
30p.m.Thisannualtraditionisamuchbelovedopportunityforfamiliestoexplorethebuilding.Thisyear’sFamilyEventwillfeature(以……为特色)uniqueandinterestingbrunchfoods,andadetectivestorytimewithourlibrarians.
Cost:
$50Adult;$25Child(ages3-16);Freeforchildrenunder3.
Formoreinformation,pleasecall2155677710.
TheArtofComics
NowthroughSaturday,May20
2156865403
Anexhibitionofbooksshowsthehistoryofpictorialstorytelling.Theartofseveralpioneersinthemediumisondisplay,includingworksbyHokusai,RodolpheTöpffer,andWilhelmBusch.
SundayLiteracyProgram
Sunday,May21
2156865369
Thisprogramoffersdropinassistancetostudentsstrugglingtoreadinthe1stthrough3rdgrades.Bothofthetwosessionswillincludethefollowingparts:
ReadAloud,IndependentReading,LiteracyGamesandWriting.
Participantsneedtoregisterontheirfirstvisit.
语篇解读:
本文是一篇应用文。
文章介绍了美国一家图书馆的活动。
★1.Whatareparticipantsrequiredtodoatthecookingprogram?
A.Sharefood.
B.Bringrecipes.
C.Cookwiththeirfamilies.
D.Learnbasiccookingskills.
详细分析:
选D 细节理解题。
题干的关键信息为cookingprogram,根据第一项活动SummerThymeCooks中的“Infourweeklyhandsonclasses,studentswilllearnthefundamentalsofcooking.”可知,参与该活动的人将会学习基本的烹饪技巧。
D项中的“basiccookingskills”是对文中“fundamentalsofcooking”的同义替换。
2.Whencanyoulookaroundthelibrary?
A.OnMay10. B.OnMay15.
C.OnMay20.D.OnMay21.
详细分析:
选B 细节理解题。
第二项活动中提到“Thisannualtraditionisamuchbelovedopportunityforfamiliestoexplorethebuilding.”,由此活动的时间Monday,May15可知答案。
3.HowdoestheSundayLiteracyProgramdifferfromtheothers?
A.It’sfreeofcharge.B.It’sfamilyfriendly.
C.Itrequiresregistration.D.Itisintendedforadults.
详细分析:
选C 推理判断题。
根据最后一段“Participantsneedtoregisterontheirfirstvisit.”可知,第一次参加SundayLiteracyProgram需要注册,而其他三项活动并未提及此点,故选C项。
B
It’sonlybeentwoweekssinceMontanaBrownbeganworkingattheAflacCancerCenterofAtlanta,butshesaid,“ThejobismorethananythingIcouldaskfor.It’ssocooltojustbeattheplacewhereIwastreatedandtohaveaninfluenceoverthekids.”
Brownwasjusttwowhenshewasdiagnosed(诊断)withrhabdomyosarcoma,araretypeofcancer.Shereceivedtreatmentforayearandthenthediseasewascontrolled.
Butattheageoffifteen,shewasdiagnosedagainwiththesamecancerandhadtoreceivetreatmentforanotheryear.Shewasalsotoldthatshehadtostopdancing,oneofherhobbies.
Brownsaidsherememberedjusthowcompassionate(有同情心的)thenurseswereduringthatdifficulttime.Soshedecidedtogivebackinthesamewaythenursesdidwithherwhenshewasinthehospital.
“Around10thor11thgrade,Istartedthinkingaboutwhattomajorin,”Brownsaid.“IknewIwantedtohelppeopleandIknewthatIwantedtousemystorytohelpothersandgivethemhopeandinspiration.ThemoreIthoughtaboutit,thebetterIknewbeinganursewouldbethegreatestfieldforme.”ShereceivedadegreeinnursingfromAugustaUniversitylastyear.
CarolineRooke,thenursemanagerattheAflacCancerCenter,said.“Brown’sexperiencesmakeheraspecialpartoftheteam.Shewouldimprovethecareexperiencethatwecanofferourpatients.It’sherspecialwayofgivingback.”
语篇解读:
本文是一篇记叙文。
MontanaBrown两岁的时候就被查出患有癌症,并在医院接受了治疗。
为了回报社会,她在大学学习护理专业,毕业后成为那家医院的一名护士。
★4.WhatdoesMontanaBrownthinkofherjob?
A.Amazing.B.Interesting.
C.Boring.D.Demanding.
详细分析:
选A 细节理解题。
根据第一段Brown所说的话“ThejobismorethananythingIcouldaskfor.It’ssocooltojustbeattheplacewhereIwastreatedandtohaveaninfluenceoverthekids.”可知,她认为回到这家医院工作是一件很酷的事情,她对此很满意,故正确答案为A。
A项“Amazing”与文中的“socool”为同义表达。
★5.WhydidMontanaBrownchoosetobeanurse?
A.Shebelievedthisfieldwassocool.
B.Shewantedtoinspiremorepatients.
C.Shehopedshecouldcureherillness.
D.Sheintendedtogetsomeexperience.
详细分析:
选B 细节理解题。
根据第五段的“IknewIwantedtohelppeopleandIknewthatIwantedtousemystorytohelpothersandgivethemhopeandinspiration.”可知,她之所以选择当一名护士,是因为她想帮助更多的人,想用自己的故事给别人希望和鼓舞。
B项中的“inspire”与“inspiration”的意思是一致的。
6.WhatcanwelearnfromBrown’sstory?
A.Nodifficultycanmakeuslosehope.
B.Itisimportanttochooseaproperjob.
C.Nothingcanpreventusachievingourgoals.
D.Anyonehastheabilitytogivebacktosociety.
详细分析:
选D 推理判断题。
根据第四段、第五段的内容以及最后一段护士长的话“It’sherspecialwayofgivingback.”可知,Brown在接受治疗期间从护士那里感受到了爱心与照顾,这促使她毕业后选择成为一名护士,以此回报社会。
她的故事告诉我们:
每个人都有回报社会的能力。
C
CourtneyHolmesoffershisyoungcustomersalittlesomethingextrawiththeirhaircuts.
“Hey,howareyoudoing?
Whatgradeareyouin?
What’syourfavoritebook?
Yeah,Igotit.”Ifyouthoughtyou’dwalkedintoalibrarywithagreetinglikethat,youwouldn’tbetoofaroff.Infact,you’veenteredtheworkplaceofCourtneyHolmes,theStorybookBarber.
Twoyearsago,Dubuque,lowa,helditsfirstannualBacktoSchoolBash,offeringneedyfam