版二轮复习英语练酷版练习专题一 习题讲评 课三.docx
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版二轮复习英语练酷版练习专题一习题讲评课三
推理判断题增分点
(一)——细节推断
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选)
Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhuntergatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.
...
28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhuntergatherertimes?
A.Theydevelopedveryfast.
B.Theywerelargeinnumber.
C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.
D.Theywerecloselyconnected.
[解析] 选B 根据本段最后一句“Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.”可推知,在狩猎时代,人口少,语言种类却很多,故选B。
[干扰项分析] 根据选段第二句可知,在狩猎时代,小的紧密联系的群体发展了各自独立的语言,故C、D两项错误;根据本段内容可知,文中未提及狩猎时代语言的发展速度,可排除A项。
[增分技巧] 细节推断题考查的内容虽然也属于原文细节,但它要求考生在原文的基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解、推断,立足于由已知推断未知。
解答这类题的一般步骤是:
(1)定位信息:
通过寻读找到相关信息点;
(2)字面理解:
理解相关信息点的字面意思;
(3)深层理解:
结合语境和常识,在理解字面意思的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断,从而理解作者的言外之意。
细节推断题的答案不能在文章中直接找到,但推理时我们务必要忠于原文,在文章中寻找并确定可推理的依据,进行正向或逆向思维,推断出隐含的深层含义,推断时要做到判断有据,推论有理。
切忌主观臆断、过度推断、错误推断和以细节代替推断。
训练目标
(一)
对点练——攻克失分短板
A(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D节选)
Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.
...
32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?
A.Theyareenvironmentfriendly.
B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.
C.Theycostmoretouseathome.
D.Theygooutofstylequickly.
解析:
选A 根据选段最后一句中的“theseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings”可知,这些过时的设备比那些做同样事情的新设备消耗更多的能源,由此可推知新的设备更节能、更环保。
B(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C节选)
...
Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel(建议)parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofereadersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.
...
30.Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?
A.Ebooksareofpoorquality.
B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.
C.Itmayharmchildren’shealth.
D.Ereadersareexpensive.
解析:
选C 根据选段最后一句中的“manyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime”可知,许多家长仍然限制孩子阅读电子读物的原因,主要是担心孩子看电子屏幕时间增加,也就是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。
故选C。
C(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读B节选)
IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.
...
24.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor’srescueworkaccordingtoparagraph1?
A.Effortsmadeinvain.
B.Gettinginjuredinhiswork.
C.Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.
D.Creaturesforcedoutoftheirhomes.
解析:
选A 根据选段的“Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.”可知,救助一些受伤、流离失所或病残的动物有时是令人心碎的,因为不能保证野生动物会存活下去,由此可推断作者的救助有时是徒劳的。
故选A。
D(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选)
...
Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost.“Themusiccan’tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame,”saysMoran.
...
30.WhatcanweinferaboutMoran’sopiniononjazz?
A.Itwilldisappeargradually.
B.Itremainsblackandwhite.
C.Itshouldkeepupwiththetimes.
D.Itchangesevery50years.
解析:
选C 根据选段内容尤其是“Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame”可推知,由于时代在改变,人们的娱乐方式已经发生改变,所以爵士乐应该随着时代改变,才能吸引更多的听众。
训练目标
(二)
综合练——提高解题速度
(加★的题目为细节推断题)
A
Areyouplanningtogotouniversity?
Whatdoyouthinkyourresponsibilitieswillbeinthefirstfewweeks?
IfyougotouniversityinChile,therewillbesomethingextrayoumustdobeforeyoucanbegin.
AnimportantpartofstartinguniversityinChileisthemechoneo.Themechoneoisanancientuniversitytradition.Studentsbeginningtheirfirstyearatuniversityare“welcomed”bytheolderuniversitystudents.Theyaretakentoaplacelikeaswimmingpoolfilledwithhorriblethingssuchasoldfruit,vegetables,meatandfish.Theyhavetodogamesandchallengesforawholeday,whichmayincludesomereallyrevoltingthingslikekissingadeadfish!
The“queenmechona”and“kingmechona”arechosenthatday.Thiswillbebasedonhowwellthestudentsdotheactivities,andmanystudentstryhardtobethekingorqueenfortheyear.
Theolderstudentsthentakeawaytheyoungerstudents’things(theirbackpacks,money,phones,etc.)andtellthemtheymustgooutontothestreetandaskpeopleformoney.Theywillneedtobringbackacertainamountofmoney(e.g.around20dollarsperperson)inordertobegiventheirthingsback.Thismoneyisthenusedtohaveawelcomepartyinthenighttime.
DuringthemonthofMarchitiscommontoseenewuniversitystudentsallaroundthetownwearingdirtyclothesandcoveredinpaintandmess.Butthemechoneoisincreasinglyasourceofdebate.Somestudentsseeitasanimportanttraditionandauniqueexperiencethatcanhelpnewarrivalsgettoknoweveryonewhileothersfinditshameful.Therehavebeencampaignstobanorsoftenitandstudentorganizationsinsomeuniversitieshavevotedtoendthemechoneocompletely.
语篇解读:
本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要介绍了智利大学里的一个传统——新生周。
★1.Whydoestheauthorasktwoquestionsatthebeginningofthetext?
A.Toclarifyresponsibilities.
B.Topresentanargument.
C.Tointroducethetopic.
D.Toshowsomedoubts.
解析:
选C 推理判断题。
根据第一段的“IfyougotouniversityinChile,therewillbesomethingextrayoumustdobeforeyoucanbegin.”以及第二段的内容可知,文章开头提出两个问题是为了引出新生周这个话题。
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“revolting”inParagraph2probablymean?
A.Unpleasant. B.Meaningful.
C.Exciting.D.Dangerous.
解析:
选A 词义猜测题。
根据第二段画线词后的“likekissingadeadfish”可知,老生会让新生做一些“令人作呕的”事情,比如亲吻死鱼。
这当然是令人不愉快的事情,故选A。
3.What’stheolderstudents’specialwayofwelcomingnewarrivalsinChile?
A.Holdabigpartyforthem.
B.Askthemformoney.
C.Makeafoolofthem.
D.Debatewiththem.
解析:
选C 细节理解题。
根据第二段和第四段的内容可知,在新生周新生常会被老生以各种方式捉弄。
★4.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?
A.Themechoneoisagoodtraditionworthspreading.
B.Asamatteroffact,noteveryonelikesthemechoneo.
C.Newstudentsgettoknoweachotherbythemechoneo.
D.Itisnaturalforthemechoneotobebannedincolleges.
解析:
选B 推理判断题。
根据最后一段的“Butthemechoneoisincreasinglyasourceofdebate.Some...whileothersfinditshameful.”可知,对于新生周这个校园传统并非每个人都赞同。
B
Attheageof4,IbeganattendingthechoiratSt.JamesChurch.Mymotherdecidedthatjoiningthechoirwouldprovidemewithmusicalinstruction.IwasinitiallyjoinedbyalotofkidsatSt.James,makingchoirafun,socialtask,butasIgrewolder,onebyone,myfriendsbegandroppingout.
St.JameswassituatedontheUpperEastSide,oneofthefanciestareasinNewYork,whileIcamefromtheBrooklynneighborhoodofBushwick.Somechildrenatthechoirproudlyshowedoffthesignsoftheirgoodeducationwhosecostwasnearlyasmuchasmymother’syearlywage,whileIworemyuniformofjeansandaT-shirt.TheyknewmeasthegirlfromBrooklyn,thechoristerwhowenttopublicschool.Thisdiscrepancy(差异)mademeveryuncomfortable.
Ibeggedmymomtoletmefollowthepathofmyfriends,butsherepliedwitha“no”.Astheyearswenton,Icontinuedtobothermymother.Heranswersbegantolesseninseverity.Shesaid“Justdoitforonemoreyear”or“Areyousure?
”Notseeingmuchhope,Ibegantowithdrawmyconstantrequests.GraduallyIenjoyedfindingmyvoiceeveryweekinchurch.Afteryearsinthechoir,peoplestartedtoacknowledgemeformyvoiceratherthanmyaddressandIbegantoappreciatemusicandmyhabitualcomplaintsaboutthechoirwerecompletelygone.
Throughthechoir,Ilearnedthatifyoucontinuewithsomethinglongenough,youwillreceivesomesortofbenefitfromitandmaybeevengrowtoloveit.Becauseofthechoir,Ifoundmyvoiceinasmallchurch.Becauseofthechoir,Iamwillingtogowhereverlifewilltakemewithanopenmind.
语篇解读:
本文是一篇记叙文。
作者四岁起参加唱诗班,她母亲认为这可以给她音乐方面一些指导。
作者中途想退出唱诗班,但是母亲没有答应,所以作者继续留下唱歌,进而发现了自己的音乐天赋。
5.Whydidtheauthor’smothersendhertothechoir?
A.Sheexpectedtomakehersociable.
B.Shewantedhertolearntosing.
C.Shewastoobusytotakecareofher.
D.Shefollowedafriend’ssuggestions.
解析:
选B 细节理解题。
由第一段中的“Mymotherdecidedthatjoiningthechoirwouldprovidemewithmusicalinstruction.”可知,作者的母亲让她参加唱诗班是因为她认定这会给作者带来音乐方面的指导,即她想让作者学习唱歌。
6.Whydidtheauthorwanttogiveupthechoir?
A.Shelostinterestinsinging.
B.Shefeltuneasyandembarrassed.
C.Shehopedtogetabettereducation.
D.Shedecidedtohelpsupportherfamily.
解析:
选B 细节理解题。
由第二段的内容可知,作者来自布什维克下层中产阶级社区,而St.James教堂位于富人区曼哈顿上东区,唱诗班的孩子们爱炫耀他们所受的良好教育。
由此推断,作者之所以想退出唱诗班,是因为这些孩子们的炫耀让她很不舒服,使她很难堪。
★7.Howdidtheauthor’smotherreacttoherrepeatedrequests?
A.Shedidn’trefusethemflatly.
B.Shewasveryangryaboutthem.
C.Sheagreedtothemcompletely.
D.Shesimplyignoredthem.
解析:
选A 推理判断题。
由第三段中的“sherepliedwitha‘no’,’Justdoitforonemoreyear’or‘Areyousure?
’”可知,在作者提出想退出唱诗班时,作者的母亲起初态度坚决,在作者的一再请求下,母亲没有断然拒绝,态度有所缓和,但仍希望她坚持下去。
★8.Whatlessonhastheauthorlearnedfromherchoirexperience?
A.Treasurewhatwehave.
B.Sticktowhatwearedoing.
C.Becuriousaboutourdailylife.
D.Begratefultopeoplearoundus.
解析:
选B 推理判断题。
由最后一段内容可知,作者从自己参加唱诗班的经历中明白了一个道理:
一定要坚持自己所做的事,这样才会发现做这件事的好处并且开