版二轮复习英语练酷版练习专题一 习题讲评 课四.docx

版二轮复习英语练酷版练习专题一 习题讲评 课四.docx

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版二轮复习英语练酷版练习专题一习题讲评课四

推理判断题增分点

（二）——观点态度

[典例]　（2018·浙江高考阅读C节选）

...

Theproblemsofexcessive（过度的）energyconsumption,climatechangeandpopulationgrowthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwriterThomasL．Friedman.Hefearstheworst,buthopesforthebest.

Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy（经济）isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.“Theabilitytodesign,buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater,cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury.”

30．WhatisFriedman’sattitudetowardsAmerica’sfuture?

A．Ambiguous.　　　B．Doubtful.

C．Hopeful.D．Tolerant.

[解析]　选C　根据选段第一段中的“hopesforthebest”和第二段可知，Friedman虽然对未来担心，但抱有最好的希望，他认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇，由此可知Friedman对美国未来是充满希望的，故选C。

[干扰项分析]　A项意为“模棱两可的”；B项意为“感到怀疑的”；D项意为“容忍的”。

要排除干扰项，先要弄清各干扰项的意思，是表示支持或肯定、中立还是反对或否定，然后再对照文章的内容一一排除。

[增分技巧]

（1）根据文章体裁推断观点、态度。

议论文

文章的论点往往会直接或间接的表明作者的态度立场

说明文

作者往往采取中立的态度

记叙文

作者往往不直接提出观点，但常常有某种倾向性，读文时要细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词或短语

（2）不要掺杂自己的观点。

要学会区分不同的观点，尤其要善于找出作者的观点。

考生要注意文中出现的直接引语和间接引语，出现的观点一般是当事人的观点，而不是作者的观点。

作者的观点一般用inmyopinion/view,personally,Ithink,Ihold等词语引出。

（3）牢记常见有关作者观点态度的词语。

①表示支持或肯定：

appreciative欣赏的；approving赞成的，同意的；favorable赞同的；positive积极乐观的；supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；hopeful充满希望的。

②表示中立：

ambiguous模棱两可的；cautious谨慎的；uncaring冷漠的；unconcerned不关心的；uninterested不感兴趣的；objective客观的；neutral中立的。

③表示反对或否定：

disgusted憎恶的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞成的；doubtful怀疑的。

训练目标

（一）

对点练——攻克失分短板

A（2018·北京高考阅读D节选）

...

Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn’textendtheworstaspectsofthecarcontrolledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.

50．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofselfdrivingcars?

A．Doubtful.　　　　　　B．Positive.

C．Disapproving.D．Sympathetic.

解析：

选B　根据选段最后两句“Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.”可知，无人驾驶车辆的时代马上来到，我们仅仅是为它作好计划。

由此推断作者对于这种新科技持积极乐观的态度。

B（2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C节选）

...

Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.

...

30．Whatisthegovernment’sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?

A．Cautious.B．Favorable.

C．Ambiguous.D．Disapproving.

解析：

选B　根据选段中的“Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.”这句话中的permitted可推知政府对发展飞行汽车是支持的，故选B项。

C（2017·全国卷Ⅲ阅读C节选）

...

Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU．S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.

31．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?

A．Doubtful.B．Positive.

C．Disapproving.D．Uncaring.

解析：

选B　根据选段中“TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.”这句话中的“avaluableexperiment”可知，作者认为这项工程很有价值，因此他的态度应当是积极肯定的。

故选B项。

D（2016·四川高考阅读C节选）

...

“IhaveaspeciallovefortheFrenchGuianesepeople.Ihaveworkedthereonandoffforalmosttenyears，”saysGin.“I’vebeenabletokeepfirmfriendshipswiththem.ThusIhavebeenallowedtogainaccesstotheirlivingenvironment.Idon’tseeitasalawlessland.ButratherIseeitasanareaoffreedom.”

...

30．WhatisGin’sattitudetowardsthelivesoftheindigenousGuianese?

A．Cautious.B．Doubtful.

C．Uninterested.D．Appreciative.

解析：

选D　根据选段中的“Idon’tseeitasalawlessland.ButratherIseeitasanareaoffreedom.”可知，摄影师Gin并不认为这是一个没有法律的地方，相反他认为这是一块自由的土地。

由句中的“anareaoffreedom”推断出摄影师Gin欣赏这群土著居民的生活方式。

训练目标

（二）

综合练——提高解题速度

（加黑的题目为推理判断题，加★的为观点态度题）

A

Whatwasthelastthingyoudidbeforegoingtobedlastnight？

Youwereprobablyonadevice（设备）:

readingemails,surfingtheweborcheckingsocialmedia.

You’renotalone.AstudybytheNationalSleepFoundationshows48%ofAmericanadultsusedevicessuchasphonesorlaptopsinbed.

UnlikereadingandwatchingTV,moderndevicesareinteractive（互动的）ratherthanpassive.Theirconnectivitytotheoutsideworldcomesintothebedroom.

Itappearsthereisamarkeddifferencebetweenstayinguplatewithagoodbookorwatchingtelevisioninbedandusingsmartphonesandlaptops.Thewayweinteractwithelectronicdevicesallowsthemtoeatintofarmoreofthetimeweshouldbeasleep,accordingtoresearchers.

“Thesedevicesarecausingsleepprocrastination（拖延），”saysMarthewWalker,aprofessorofneuroscienceandpsychologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.

“Sendingatextmessage,postingsomethingonFacebookorcheckingyouremailmeansyouarewaitingforaresponseandrevsupyouremotionalnervoussystem.”

BenCarter,aprofessoratKing’sCollegeLondon,conductedareviewof20studiesintotheeffectoftechnologyonchildren’ssleeppatterns,findingeventhosewhodidnotusephonesorotherdevicesbeforebedbuthadthemintheirbedrooms,sleptlessdeeplythanthosewholefttheirdevicesinanotherroom.

“Itisperhapsthebiggestunaddressedpublichealthproblemofourtime.Sleepisnecessaryforawiderangeoffunctionsthatserveourhealthandwell-being.”saysColinEspie,aprofessorofsleepmedicineattheUniversityofOxford.

Yetsurprisingly,Walkersaystechnologyitselfmayholdtheanswertocontroloursleep.Therearealreadymanydevicesonthemarketthatclaimtomonitorandaidpeopleinsleeping.AndWalkerhopestousemachine-learningtechnologytoproducenewwaystohelpthosewhoarenotsleepingproperly.

语篇解读：

本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要说明了睡眠前使用电子设备对我们的睡眠及健康带来的影响。

1．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofsmartphonesandlaptopscomparedwithTV?

A．Theyworkinamoreactiveway.

B．Theyconsumelessofourtime.

C．Theyhavemorepositiveeffects.

D．Theydolessharmtoourhealth.

解析：

选A　细节理解题。

根据第三、四段可知，与读书和看电视相比，使用手机等电子产品更具有互动性。

由此可知答案选A。

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“revsup”inParagraph6probablymean?

A．Makessomethingstopworking.

B．Makessomethingfunctionnormally.

C．Makessomethingoperatemorequickly.

D．Makessomethingdevelopmoresteadily.

解析：

选C　词义猜测题。

画线部分上文提到使用电子产品会导致我们推迟睡眠时间，由此可知，睡前发短信、使用社交网络等行为会使我们的情感神经系统“更加活跃”。

revup“使快速运转”。

★3.What’sColinEspie’sattitudetousingelectronicdevices?

A．Favorable.　　　　　B．Opposed.

C．Unconcerned.D．Ambiguous.

解析：

选B　观点态度题。

根据倒数第二段可知，ColinEspie认为，睡眠前使用电子产品是我们面临的最大的健康问题，由此可知他反对睡眠前使用电子产品。

4．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A．Manypeoplerelyonelectronicdevicestofallasleep.

B．BenCarterstudieddifferentagegroups’sleeppatterns.

C．Theuseofelectronicdevicesmaymakepeopleeatmore.

D．Justthepresenceofelectronicdevicesmayaffectone’ssleep.

解析：

选D　推理判断题。

根据第七段的“findingeventhosewhodidnotusephonesorotherdevicesbeforebedbuthadthemintheirbedrooms,sleptlessdeeplythanthosewholefttheirdevicesinanotherroom”可知，就算睡前不使用电子设备，只要电子产品出现在卧室就会影响孩子们的睡眠。

B

BoomsaidattheParisAirShowTuesdaythatpassengerscouldflybetweenLondonandNewYorkaboardasupersonic（超音速的）commercialairplaneinabout2.5hourswithinthenextsixyears.ThecompanyalsoaimstoshuttlepassengersfromSanFranciscotoTokyoin5.5hours,vs.thecurrent11-hourtraveltime.FlightsfromLosAngelestoSydneywouldtakejustunder7hours,comparedwiththecurrent15hours.

“Airlinesareeagertofindsomethingnewanddifferenttooffertheirpassengers—andwe’rethrilledthatmajorworldairlinesshareourideaofafutureoffaster,moreaccessiblesupersonictravel，”BlakeScholl,Boom’sfounder,saidattheshow.Fiveairlineshavealreadyplacedmorethan70ordersforBoom’sfaster-than-soundpassengerairliners,thecompanyannounced.

Someexperts,however,areskepticalthatBoomcanmakeitsideaarealityandofferaproductthatmakesfinancialsense.TheEuropeanaircraftConcorde,whichendeditstransatlanticsupersonicflightin2003,wasnevercommerciallyworkable,andwithanairfareof$20,000,appealedtoonlyaverynarrowsliceoftravelers,saidRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.Fueleconomy,unproventechnology,andregulationsagainstsupersoniccommercialflightarekeydifficultiesBoomfaces,Mannsaid.

Therearealsosometravellimitations.TheUnitedStatesandmanyothercountriesdonotallowsupersoniccommercialflightsoverland,becauseoftheloudshockwavethatcanbeannoyingtocommunitiesbelow.ButaBoomspokesmansaidthatitspassengerairlinerisbeingdesignedtominimizethenoiseitmakesandthatBoomwillworktochangethoseregulations.

ThecompanysaidthatitwillsucceedwhereConcordefailedbecauseBoomisusingbetterenginesandimprovedmaterialstohelpreducethecostsofoperatingitsaircraft.AndabusinessclassticketfromNewYorktoLondoncouldcost$5,000,Boomestimates（估计）,farlessthanthe$20,000chargedbyConcorde.

语篇解读：

本文是一篇新闻报道。

从纽约到伦敦仅需2.5小时，这可能吗？

美国一家航空航天公司Boom在巴黎航空展上宣布他们的超音速飞机有望在六年内将此变为现实。

5．InwhichaspectwillBoom’snewairplanestandout?

A．Itssafety.B．Itsspeed.