Dzdegwg听力速记符号汇编适合雅思听力高级口译.docx

Dzdegwg听力速记符号汇编适合雅思听力高级口译.docx

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Dzdegwg听力速记符号汇编适合雅思听力高级口译

七夕，古今诗人惯咏星月与悲情。

吾生虽晚，世态炎凉却已看透矣。

情也成空，且作“挥手袖底风”罢。

是夜，窗外风雨如晦，吾独坐陋室，听一曲《尘缘》，合成诗韵一首，觉放诸古今，亦独有风韵也。

乃书于纸上。

毕而卧。

凄然入梦。

乙酉年七月初七。

-----啸之记。

听力速记符号汇编

常用速记箭头汇编

g

1．表示到达、传达：

gointo，arriveat，giveto，sendto，presenttoetc.

2．表示导致、引导：

leadto,resultin,inthedirectionof,etc.

3．表示屈服：

submitto

f

1．表示来自于：

be/comefrom，return，receivefrom,etc.

2．表示追溯到：

come/gobackto，originate

h

1．表示上升：

up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend,etc.

2．表示发射、投放市场、发行：

launch，open,start,etc.

3．表示发展、加强、推进：

develop，strengthen，promote,etc

表示“波折”：

upsanddowns,twistsandturns,etc.

常用速记数学符号汇编：

+

表示“多”:

many,lotsof,agreatdealof,agoodmanyof,etc.

++（+2）

表示“多”的比较级：

more

+3

表示“多”的最高级：

most

－

表示“少”:

little,few,lack,inshortof/beinshortageofetc.

×

表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念：

wrong/incorrect，somethingbad，notorious，negative,etc.

> 

1．表示“多于”概念：

bigger/larger/greater/morethan/betterthan,etc.

2．表示“高”概念：

superiorto，surpass,etc.

< 

1．表示“少于”概念：

less/smaller，etc.

2．表示“低”概念：

inferiorto，etc.

=

1．表示“同等”概念：

means，thatistosay，inotherwords，thesameas，beequalto,etc.

2．表示“对手”概念：

amatch,rival,competitor,counterpart,etc.

（）

表示“在......之间”：

among,within,etc.

≠

1．表示“不同”概念：

bedifferentfrom,etc.

2．表示“无敌”概念：

matchless,peerless,etc.

～

表示“大约”概念：

about/around，orso，approximately,etc.

/

表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：

crossout,eliminate,etc.

1.Note-takingsymbolsandabbreviationsforyourreference:

AbbreviationsinNotetaking

Useonlytheabbreviationsthatfityourneedsandthatyouwillremembereasily.Agoodideaistointroduceonlyafewabbreviationsintoyournotetakingatatime.

Symbolshelpfulinmath--thesearecommonlyusedintextsandreferences.

S  =  sum

f  =  frequency

Leaveoutperiodsinstandardabbreviations.

cf  =  compare

e.g.  =  example

dept  =  department

Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.

pol  =  politics

dem  =  democracy

lib  =  liberal

cap  =  capitalism

Useentirefirstsyllableandonly1stletterof2ndsyllable.

pres  =  presentation

subj  =  subject

ind  =  individual

cons  =  conservative

Eliminatefinalletters.Usejustenoughofthewordtoformarecognizableabbreviation.

assoc  =  associate

biol  =  biology

info  =  information

ach  =  achievement

chem  =  chemistry

max  =  maximum

intro  =  introduction

conc  =  concentration

min  =  minimum

rep  =  repetition

Omitvowels,retainonlyenoughconsonantstogivearecognizableskeletonoftheword.

ppd  =  prepared

prblm  =  problem

estmt  =  estimate

bkgd  =  background

gvt  =  government

  Useanapostropheinplaceofletters.

am't  =  amount

cont'd  =  continued

gov't  =  government

educat'l  =  educational

Formthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddings.

chpts  =  chapters

egs  =  examples

fs  =  frequencies

intros  =  introductions

Usegtorepresentingendings.

ckg  =  checking

estg  =  establishing

decrg  =  decreasing

exptg  =  experimenting

Spelloutshortwordssuchasin,at,to,but,for,andkey.

Abbreviationsorsymbolsforshortwordswillmakethenotestoodensewithshorthand.

Leaveoutunimportantwords.

Leaveoutthewordsaandthe.

Ifaterm,phrase,ornameiswrittenoutinfullduringthelecture,substituteinitialswhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Forexample,CenterforAerospaceSciencesbecomesCASthereafter.

Usesymbolsforcommonlyrecurringconnectiveortransitionalwords.

&  =  and

w/  =  with

w/o  =  without

vs  =  against

\  =  therefore

=  =  isorequal

Usetechnicalsymbolswhereapplicable.

zb  =  German,forexample

ibid  =  Latin,thesamework

o  =  degrees

H2O  =  water

Morereference:

Usestandardmaths,accounting,andsciencesymbols.Examples:

+plus

//parallel

Usestandardabbreviationsandleaveoutfullstops.Examples:

egexample

ITdeptInformationTechnologydepartment

UKUnitedKingdom

Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.Examples:

marmarketing

cuscustomer

cliclient

Usetheentirefirstsyllableandthefirstletterofthesecondsyllable.Examples:

subjsubject

budgbudget

indindividual

Todistinguishamongvariousformsofthesameword,usethefirstsyllableoftheword,anapostrophe,andtheendingoftheword.Examples:

tech'gytechnology

gen'iongeneralisation

del'ydelivery

Usejustenoughofthebeginningofawordtoformarecognisableabbreviation.Examples:

assocassociated

achachievement

infoinformation

Omitvowelsfromthemiddleofwords,retainingonlyenoughconsonantstoprovidearecognisableskeletonoftheword.Examples:

bkgdbackground

mvmtmovement

prblmproblem

Formthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordb