my issue.docx

my issue.docx

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myissue

"Thestudyofhistoryplacestoomuchemphasisonindividuals.Themostsignificanteventsandtrendsinhistoryweremadepossiblenotbythefamousfew,butbygroupsofpeoplewhoseidentitieshavelongbeenforgotten."

48因果类：

论：

题目中判断似是而非

正：

任何历史时间总是有其特定的背景，源于方方面面的原因，很难想象所有的重大历史事件仅仅是由某个人或者某几个人完成的。

团结有力量，烈士，工程的完成，Manhattanproject

反：

即使成立，结论也推不出，历史是偶然和必然因素共同作用的结果，都起作用，但由关键人物使历史得以展开、其二，历史承认大众的作用，但历史很难完整记载大众的作用，而让人民群众记住就更难，历史记载个人是为了便于叙述。

三，都不应该忽略，理解研究的重点的原因。

（1）General：

Therearebothcorrectideaandfallacyinthisassertion.Balancingtheindividuals'effectsonhistoryagainstthoseofpeopleingroupscompletelyandrationally,itiseasytofindthereasonwhyhistoricalstudypaysmoreattentiononindividuals.

（2）Positive:

Generallyspeaking,almosteverysignificanteventortrendwasbasedoncertainhistoricalbackgroundandcausedbyfactorsinmanyaspects.Admittedly,afewgreatscientificinventionsordiscoverieswereattributedtosinglescientistsorphilosophers.However,hardlycanweimaginethateventsandtrendswithremarkableinfluenceinhistorywereallmadepossiblebymerelyone,orafew,person.

（3）Negative:

Manifestlypeople'scontributionstoadvancesinhistoryshouldnotbeneglectedorforgotten.However,evenifthespeaker'sassumptionabouthistoriceventsandgroupsofpeoplewereaccepted,yetwecan'tconcludethatthestudyofhistoryemphasizeindividualstoomuch.Thoughbothindividualsandgroupsofpeoplehaveitsirreplaceablepositiononthehistoricalstage,itistherecordsofindividualsthatgivetheplayaclearclueandmakeitmoreunderstandable.Additionally,inspiteofrecognizingthestatusinhistoryofpeopleingroups,thedifficultiesinrecordingthemmakehistoriansinclinedtowritesignificanteventsandremarkableindividuals.

（4）Sum:

Historiceventswereusuallymadepossiblebyeitherindividualsorgroupsofpeople,neitherofwhichshouldbeignored.Meanwhile,inordertomakehistoryeasiertorecordaswellastounderstand/morerecordableandcomprenhensible,researchonhistoryshouldputmoreemphasisonindividualsthanongroupsofpeople.

"Inordertoimprovethequalityofinstructionatthecollegeanduniversitylevel,allfacultyshouldberequiredtospendtimeworkingoutsidetheacademicworldinprofessionsrelevanttothecoursestheyteach."

50：

建议类

一：

正面：

将课本与工作结合对某些学科有利

二：

反面

可行性不够高，因为有些科目本身理论，难有实际

（反推）如果联系，对某些学科是无效的，而且会浪费人力物力（不成立）

很多方法可以提高教学质量，更高效可行

Position:

Connectingthecoursesoncollegtiatecampuswithactualprofessionalskillsisnotalwaysthenecessaryconditionforimprovingtheteachingquality.

（1）Workshopexperiencecanreallyenrichsubjectsinclassroom.Thisisreallytrueforsuchsubjectsasengineering,machinerymanufacturing,economics,andsoforth.

（2）Butsuchcasesbynomeansindicatethatbridgingworkshopsandclassroomscanalwaysworkmagic.Infact,forsomesubjects,theoreticalphysicsandsomemathematicalresearches,forexample,itisneithernecessarynorpossibleforresearchersintheseareastodirectlyapplytheirknowledgetopracticalwork.Thesesciencesseemonlytoperformwellwithinthebraincells.

（3）Asformethodscontributingtotheteachingquality,theyincludemanyapartfromsharingworkshopexperience,suchasthelong-termacademicaccumulation,thesufficientteachingfacilities,thefreeandtolerantacademicatmosphere,thegood-timingbirthofgeniuses,etc.

"Howchildrenaresocializedtodaydeterminesthedestinyofsociety.Unfortunately,wehavenotyetlearnedhowtoraisechildrenwhocanhelpbringaboutabettersociety."

130.事实类

论点：

孩子们是否被良好的社会化取决于不同的时代背景，大可不必担心

求正：

比起以前的孩子，现在的孩子交际确实少了，这也一定程度上影响了他们的一些品质如同情心、合作意识和竞争意识社会责任感等。

孤立的生活带来的负面影响引起了很多不良心理社会效应。

求反：

社会化这一概念在不同的时代背景下有着不同的定义，现今的科技通讯条件以及文化认可度决定了这一现象，也带了很多好处，如怪才的诞生，个性的张扬等。

存在总是适应环境的，因此不能草率地说没教好孩子。

而且也不能草率的认为社会会因此变差。

时间会告诉一切。

再求反：

同时社会的命运由多方面决定的，孩子的社会化只是一个方面，不可一概而谈。

总：

社会和意识是相互依存的，孩子们是否被良好社会化这一标准也需要与时俱进。

Outline:

Position:

Whetherchildrenareadequatelysocializeddependsonthesocietytheyareinandcertainbackground.Thereisnoneedtoworryaboutthedestinyofoursociety.

Positive:

Inrecentdays,childrenaremoreindependentandlesssocializedthantheirparents,whichindeedbringforthsomeproblems,suchasthedeficiencyofsympathy,decreasingdesiretobeartheirsocialresponsibilitiesandlackofsensetocooperatewithothers.Withoutthesegoodcharacters,childrenmayhavetobefacedwithsometoughcircumstancesandexperiencewhentheygrowup.

Negative:

"Socialized"hasitsdifferentdefinitionindifferentsociety.Therapidlyadvancingtechnology,especiallytheelectronicmanufacturingandnetwork,determinestheinevitabilityofthiskindofphenomenon.What'smore,thisphenomenonalsobringsomeadvantagesinspiteofdisadvantages.Wecan'thastilyconsiderthelesssocializedchildrenasaresultoffailededucation.Timewilltellustheprosandconsinit.

Negativeagain:

Evenifthethestatementthat"..."isacceptable,yetwecannotconcludethatbadlysocializedchildrenwilldestroyoursociety'sfuture.Apparentlythereisnoonesingleaspectthatcanwhollydeterminethedevelopmentofsocietyalone.

Summary:

Perspectivesvariesunderdifferentsocialbackgrounds,thequestionwhetherchildrenarewell-socializedis/withnoexception.

"Thewaypeoplelook,dress,andactrevealstheirattitudesandinterests.Youcantellmuchaboutasociety'sideasandvaluesbyobservingtheappearanceandbehaviourofitspeople."

208因果类：

论点：

题目的判断过于表面化

正：

有时可以判断，一外表：

嬉皮士，书虫，二行为：

悲伤的朋友，举止的人——内外在的联系使然。

反：

很多时候不能主观判断：

衣冠禽兽，得道高人

反：

即使可以判断，人们的态度和兴趣也不能完全反映社会的价值观，也很难去界定

Position:

Thespeaker'sassertionwasabitsuperficial.People'sattitudesandinterestsdonotrestonthewaythelook,dressoractatalltime.Similarly,itis,attimes,ungroundedtojudgeasociety'sideasandvaluesontheappearanceandbehaviourofitspeople.

Positive:

Allhasbeensaidnotwithstanding,itisreallytruethatsometimespeople'soutwardcharactersandconductcan,tosomeextent,revealtheirpersonalattitudesandinterests.First,undercertaincircumstancespeople'sidentitiescanbeconcludedfromtheirspecificdressorlook.Apparently,youngsterswithtattoos,deepeyeshadowsandcoloredhairstendtobehippies.Andmoststudentswithheavyglassesarelikelytobebookwormsandmayhavemoreenthusiasmforstudying.Second,manytimeswecanreadaperson'smindbyhis/herefaceoract.Forexample,onceyourfriendwhohadalwaysbeenlivelyandhappystaysilentforawholeday,he/hermaygetupsetinside.Equally,deviantbehaviourwilltellusthatsomethingstrikingorawfulmayhavehappenedtooneperson.Thesemethodsofanalysingpeople'smindsandattitudeshavebeenexistingforalongperiodinhumanhistory.Thefactthathuman-beingareadvancedcreaturewithcomplexemotionsdeterminestheconsistency/consistentrelationshipbetween/ofaperson'soutsideactionandinsideemotion-withthepreconditionthathe/shedon'tconcealhis/hersensibilityonpurpose.

Negative:

However,ifpeoplecoveruptheirmindsdeliberatelyandpretendtobetheoppositeone,it'llbequiteatroublesomeworktoproperlyverdicttheirattitudeorinterests,evenforaexperienceddetective.Infact,asameansofprotectionorforspecificpurpose,coverhasbeenusedinhumansocietyforthousandsofyears.Inancienttimes,whenhunting,peoplewearfurofhuntedanimalsincasenottobefoundbytheirquarry.Inmodernbattlefield,soldiersaswellasweaponssuchastanksarepaintedgreenasaprotectivecolor.

Asidefromprotection,peoplealsohidetheirtrueideasdeepinsidetheirheartsforavarietyofreasons.Inthesecases,whatpeople'soutsidelookreflectmaycontradicttohisrealideacompletely.Forinstance,corruptionexistinalmosteverycornerofeverygovernment.Asforsomedeceptive/hypocriticalgovernmentofficerwhoaredresseduptolooklikehonestpeople,muchofthepromisesmadetopeoplearenothingbutliesandtricks.Furthermore,cheapclothesandoldcarsdonotsimplyindicatepovertyandreverselybigdiamondringdonotalwaysstandforwealth.Sometimespeoplewillbewell-dressedtocoveruptheirpovertybutmanyrichpeoplewhoarealsorichinconfidenceareveryaustere.

Moreover,assumingthatthewaypeoplelook,dress,andactcancertainlyrevealtheirattitudesandinterests,stillwecan'tcometotheconclusionthatonecantellthesociety'sspiritfromitspeople'sappearance.Comprehensiveanalysistellsusthattheideasandvaluesofasocietyliesinavarietyofaspects,suchastheformofgovernment,people'sreligionandfaith,conditionofeconomyandtechnology,theworldwidetrendofdevelopmentandsoforth.It'sbothsuperficialandunwarrantedtojudgeasociety'sideasandvaluesmerelybythewayitspeopledressandbehave.

Ashasbeensaid,inordertogettoknowaperson'smindorasociety'sidea,asuperficialexaminationoftheoutsideappearanceisfarfromenough.ComplicatedinsideasIndividualsandsocietiesare,it'shardtodefinethemadequately.

"Thestudyofhistoryhasvalueonlytotheextentthatitisrelevanttoourdailylives."

103事实类

正：

历史的价值是多方面的，通过历史研究，人们可以学习（古代思想），反省（战争，环境，楼兰），鉴赏（建筑，艺术）

反：

历史的价值有些是直观，如政治发展，战争，文化变迁：

资本的发展，二战的反省，佛教的发展，但在这些里面很多跟人们的日常生活并无联系

即使跟日常生活有联系，往往也是过去的事情，历史很难重演，科技进步决定了过去仅仅是过去：

古代的穿着，饮食，社交。

研究这些的意义仅仅是为了人类对自己的一种认识，是一种文化的积淀，其价值是隐含的（connotative）。

更多的时候，很多历史研究跟现代一点都不沾边，是为了满足人类的求知欲和好奇心，如木乃伊，金字塔，甚至是一些宫廷纷争

"Studentsshouldbringacertainskepticismtowhatevertheystudy.Theyshouldquestionwhattheyaretaughtinsteadofacceptingitpassively."

153.建议类

论点：

怀疑（skeptical）是重要的，也要学会接受（acceptance）

正：

从人类文明的角度：

人类文明的进步源自（originate/stemfrom）怀疑（doubt/suspicious/disbelieve），对各种事物的认识（cognition）几乎都是在批判（criticize）接受再批判再接受中发展（progress）的，因为不同的观念（在不同阶段（background/age）有不同的认识，不同的适用性（applic