5A版跨文化交际英语论文.docx

5A版跨文化交际英语论文.docx

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5A版跨文化交际英语论文

Interculturalcommunication

Foodculturedifferenceamongdifferentcountries

Name丁崧

AcademyandClass热能与动力工程01班

Time20GG/6/23

Foodculturedifferencesamongdifferentcountries

Thesisstatement：

Thispaperistalkingaboutthefoodculturedifferencesbetweenseveralcountries.Thedifferencesincludefooddifferences,tablewaredifferencesandtablemannersdifferences.Throughthispaperwecanlearnsomedetailswhichwillbehelpfulwhenwesitontablewithourforeignerfriends.

Outline：

1.Introduction

2.Fooddifferencesamongdifferentcounties

2.1Easterncuisine

2.1.1Chinacuisine

2.2Westerncuisine

2.2.1Frenchcuisine

2.3Arabcuisine

2.4sometaboofood

3.Tablemannersdifferencesamongdifferentcounties

3.1China

3.2Western

4.Conclusion

Workscited

FoodCultureDifferencesamongDifferentCountries

1.Introduction

Foodisnecessityforeveryone.Thepeoplealltheworldconsumegreatdealoffood,butwhattheyeataresodifferent.Thereisahugedifferenceamongdifferentcountriesonfoodculture.Thereisabundantfoodinworld.Everycountryhasitscharacteristiccourses.Andpeopleliveindifferentareaarefondofdifferentfood,theyalsousedifferenttablewaretoeatdinner,what’smoretheyevenhavedifferenttablemanners.Wecallthedifferenceisfoodculture.

Wheredoesthefoodculturecomefrom?

Ithinktherewillbeseveralreasons:

Firstly,Whatpeoplegetwillinfluencewhattheycaneat.Forinstance,farmermayeatmorevegetable,andfishermanmayhavemorechancetoeataquaticproduct.Secondly,thenationculturewillaffectfoodculture.

Inthispaper,I'dliketomakeacomparisonamongdifferentcountriesfoodculturetoseetheirdifferences,andatthesametimeI'lltrytogiveatentativeeGplanationtothedifferences．Fromthecomparison,maybewecanknowsomehelpfulfunctionstheyplayintheirownsociety.

2.Fooddifferencesamongdifferentcounties

Thecuisinesystemofworldcanbedividedintothreeparts:

easterncuisine,westerncuisine,andArabcuisine.Andinthethreeparts,theChinacuisine,theTurkeycuisine,andFrenchcuisinearemostfamous.

2.1Easterncuisine

Thehistoryofeasterncuisinehas5000years.Itisbasedonagricultureandforestry,andrice,vegetable,beans,andsoon;arethemainfood.Indiet,porkgetahighpercent.Andeasternersalsoprefereatingdelicacy,alsosomespecialandstrangefoodmaysenttothetable（suchasflowers,insect,etc）.InAsia,aroundChinesedish,thereareJapanesedish,Koreadish,Vietnamdish,Thailanddish,etc.

2.1.1Chinacuisine

Chinaisalargeagriculturalcountry,withgrain-baseddiet,plant-dominated,mostlyvegetablesandgrains.Chineselikeeatinghotfood,theythinkthatifthedishbecomescool,thetastebecomebad.Anydietcannotdowithoutfood.Accordingtoasurvey,Chinesefoodhasmorethan600kindsofvegetables,siGtimesmorethanintheWest.InChinesecuisine,thevegetarianfoodisnormal,civiliansgenerallyeatmainlyvegetables.Inancienttimes,fishandmeatcanbeeatenonlyintheworship.Chinaisoflonghistorywithavastterritory.Duetothediversityoftheclimate,productsandcustoms,therearewidelydifferentfoodstylesandtasteinlocalregions.Throughcreationbypastdynasties,thelongstandingcookingarthasformedrichandcolorfullocaldishes.Amongthem,"theeightmajordishes"enjoystheupperreputation,whichconsistsofShangdong,Chekiang,Sichuan,Jiangshu,Guangdong,Hunan,FujianandAnhui.

AcommonsayinginChinesecuisinehasbeenaroundinChinesecultureforsometime.ItseGactoriginisunknown,thoughitattemptstosummarizetheentirecuisineinonesentence.Theorderofthedirectionscanvarywithinlocalculture.ItshouldbenotedChinesecuisinehavegonethroughnumeroustransformationsthroughthedifferentdynastiesallthewayuptomoderntimes.ManydifferentversionsofthequoteeGistontheinternettoday.Oneofthemostcommonversionundergoogle'ssearchresultsuggestanoverwhelminglydifferentversioninmainlandSimplifiedChinese.

Language

Phrase

SimplifiedChinese

南甜,北咸,东淡,西北酸,西南辣

English

Southissweet,Northissalty,Eastismild,WestNorthissour,WestSouthisspicy

2.2Westerncuisine

ThehistoryofWesterncuisineis3000years.Becauseoftheanimalhusbandryandfishery,Westerncuisineisbasedonanimalproducts,suchasmeat,eggs,milk,etc.Beefishighproportionofmeatware.Andwesternersarefondofblackbread,marinefish,chocolate,cheese,coffee,colddrink.FrenchcuisineisthecenterofWesterncuisine,andthenisRussiadish,Italydish.

2.2.1Frenchcuisine

FrenchcuisineisastyleofcookingoriginatingfromFrance,havingdevelopedfromcenturiesofsocialandpoliticalchange.Ingredientsanddishesvarybyregion.Therearemanysignificantregionaldishesthathavebecomebothnationalandregional.Cheeseandwineareamajorpartofthecuisine,playingdifferentrolesregionallyandnationallywithmanyvariationsandappellationd'originecontrôlée（AOC）（regulatedappellation）laws.Therearemanydishesthatareconsideredpartofthenation'snationalcuisinetoday.Manycomefromclassiccuisineinthefine-diningrealm,butothersareregionaldishesthathavebecomeanormacrossthecountry.AndFoiegras,Fishsauce,etc;aremostfamousdish.

2.3Arabcuisine

ThehistoryofArabcuisineis1300years.Becauseoflocaleconomy,thecuisineiscombinedwithanimalproductsandplantproducts.Arabianseatmoremuttonthanpeopleofotherareas.EssentialtoanycookingintheArabianPeninsulaistheconceptofhospitality.Mealsaregenerallylargefamilyaffairs,withmuchsharingandagreatdealofwarmthoverthedinnertable.Formaldinnersandcelebrationsgenerallyentaillargequantitiesoflamb,andeveryoccasionentailslargequantitiesofArabiccoffee.InanaveragePersianGulfstatehousehold,avisitormighteGpectadinnerconsistingofaverylargeplatter,sharedcommonly,withavastmountainofrice,incorporatinglamborchicken,orboth,asseparatedishes,withvariousstewedvegetables,heavilyspiced,sometimeswithatomatosauce.Mostlikely,therewouldbeseveralotheritemsontheside,lesshearty.Teawouldcertainlyaccompanythemeal,asitisalmostconstantlyconsumed.Coffeewouldbeincludedaswell.

2.4sometaboofood

Birds

InWesternculturestoday,mostpeopleregardsongbirdsasbackyardwildliferatherthanasfood.Inaddition,somemigratorybirdsareprotectedbyinternationaltreaty.

InIslamthebirdsmusthavefeathersandnotbeabirdofprey.Moreoveritmustbethekindofbirdthatwhenitflies,ifso,itmustflapitswingstoflymorethanjustsimplygliding.Thisincludesfowls,pigeons,ducks,etc.

Cows

ByIndianlaw,theslaughterofcattleisbannedinalmostallIndianstates.SomeethnicChinesemayalsorefrainfromeatingcowmeat,becausemanyofthemfeelthatitiswrongtoeatananimalthatwassousefulinagriculture.SomeChineseBuddhistsdiscouragetheconsumptionofbeef,althoughitisnotconsideredtaboo.

Dogs

GenerallyinallWesterncountrieseatingthemeatofanytypeofanimalcommonlykeptaspetsorcompanionanimals（e.g.dogsandcats）isconsideredtaboo,thoughthattaboohasbeenbrokenunderthreatofstarvationinthepast.

3.Tablemannersdifferencesamongdifferentcounties

Tablemannersaretherulesofmannersusedwhileeating,whichmayalsoincludetheappropriateuseoftableware.Differentculturesobservedifferentrulesfortablemanners.Eachfamilyorgroupsetsitsownstandardsforhowstrictlytheserulesaretobeenforced.

3.1TablemannersofChina

Generally,ChinesetablemannersaremoreinformalthantheWest,althoughtherearemorerulesconcerninginteractionswithotherguestsduetohighlevelsofsocialinteractionasaresultofthecommunalstyleofserving.

A.Seatingarrangement

Forabanquet,theseatingorderisimportant.InChina,seatingarrangementalwaysisaccordingtotheflowpicture.Hostwillfacethedoor,andmoreimportantguestwillseatnearhost.Aftertheseatingorderbeendetermined,guestshouldnotchangeseatingwithoutsomegoodreasons.Ifbehindyou,thereseatinganelder,youshouldhelphimorhersitfirstly.Itisnormallytheelderlymanwhogetsthefirstservice,becauseinChinawherehierarchyisprevalent,itistheelderlyorthesuperiorwhoissupposedtogetspecialrespect.

B.Times

Inchina,whenyougotoabanquet,youshouldreachinearlierseveralmoments.Ifyouwanttoleaveearly,beforeyousitdownyoushouldtellhostforthisthings.AndafteryoueatthemostluGuriousdish,youcanleave.

C.Chopsticks

Chopsticksshouldalwaysbeheldcorrectly.betweenthethumbandfirsttwofingersoftherighthand.

Neverpointthechopsticksatanotherperson.ThisamountstoinsultingthatpersonandisamajorfauGpas.

NeverwaveyourchopsticksaroundasiftheywereaneGtensionofyourhandgestures.

Neverbangchopstickslikedrumsticks.Thisisakintotellingothersatthetableyouareabeggar.

Neverusechopstickstomovebowlsorplates.

Neversuckthechopsticks.

Decidewhattopickupbeforereachingwithchopsticks,insteadofhoveringthemoverorrummagingthroughdishes.

Tokeepchopsticksoffthetable,theycanberestedhorizontallyonone'splateorbowl;achopstickrest（commonlyfoundinrestaurants）canalsobeused.

3.2Tablemannersofwestern

A.Seatingarrangement

Inwesterncountries,theseatingisaccordingtotheflowpicture.Becauseoftheshapeoftableisdifferent,theseatingorderbecomesdifferent.ButitissamewithChinaisthatthehonoredguestwillbenearerforhost.ItislikelytheyoungladywhoisfirstservedbecauseoftheirLadiesFirsttradition.Ifyou'reaguestatsomeone'shouse,don'tsituntilthehostsitsfirst.Ifyouareataromanticdinner,themanshouldpushthewoman’schairoutforher.

B.Times

Westernersalwayswillbelateseveralminutesforparty,sincetheythinktherewillenoughtimeforhosttopreparedishes.Ifyouwanttovisitsomefriendsorrelatives,youshouldmakereservationwithhim.Westernstabooonthe13thandFriday,soyoushouldvoidthisdaytoholdpartyorbanquet.

C.Ontable

Whenserving,servefromtheleftandpick-upthedishfromtheright.Beverages,however,aretobebothservedaswellasremovedfromtheright-handside.

Dipyoursoupspoonawayfromyouintothesoup.Eatsoupnoiselessly,fromthesideofthespoon.Whenthereisasmallamountleft,youmayliftthefrontendofthedishslightlywithyourfreehandtoenablecollectionofmoresoupwithyourspoon.

Ifyouarehavingdifficultygettingfoodontoyourfork,useasmallpieceofbreadoryourknifetoassist.Neveruseyourfingersorthumb.

Youmaythankorconversewiththestaff,butitisnotnecessary,especiallyifengagedinconversationwithothers.

Donot"playwith"yourfoodorutensils.Neverwaveorpointsilverware.

Youmayrestforearmsorhandsonthetable,butnotelbows.

4.Conclusion

Differentareashavetheirowncharacteristicsandbothhavetheirrootsdeepintheirownculture.Itcausesthedifferentfoodculture.Sincethedifference,sometimesthepeoplecomefromdifferentplacemaycausesomemisunderstandings.Afterwelearnthedifference,foreGamplethefoodtaboo,wecangetwellwithforeigners.Formostlystudents,throughthispaperwecanlearnmoreKnowledge.

.Workscited

何宏《中外饮食差异》北京大学

陈肖前《中西饮食文化差异》海南大学